棘胸蛙蝌蚪成活率的对比试验

有关棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa)蝌蚪的饲养方法,邓春华(1987)、杨伟国(1990)分别作为扼要介绍,而对于提高蝌蚪成活率的研究尚无报道,本文将综合我们的试验方法、结果以及由此而得出的提高棘胸蛙蝌蚪成活率的方法。一、试验方法 (一)蝌蚪来源 1、野外捕捞各生长发育阶段的蝌蚪。 2、野外捕捞卵进行人工孵化获得的蝌蚪。     

棘胸蛙病害因子的调查与分析

在人工条件下，棘胸蛙蝌蚪的浮头病，幼蛙料皮病，成蛙白的发病率高达８５％以上。本文系对致病因子进行调查、检测、系统研究的结果研究。分析结果：病害发生是由多因子相互构成的。在人工条件下水温升高到２５℃以上，水体溶氧量（ＤＯ）低于４．９ｍｇ／Ｌ，水体存在硫化氢（Ｈ２Ｓ）气体，水质受病源菌、寄生虫、化学物质污染等是构成致病主因子。采取相应的预防措施，使各因子得到改善与协调，达到接近野生蛙栖息环境条件要求，     

棘胸蛙人工授精试验

1988—1989年利用雄蛙活体取精、雌蛙活体挤卵的试验,对棘胸蛙卵子实行人工授精37次,成功率达100％。卵子受精率和孵化率达90％以上。不仅改变了传统的杀蛙取精方法,而且探索了棘胸蛙人工授精及受卵的孵化技术。通过试验得知,秋后对棘胸蛙注射蛙脑垂体液进行人工催产和授精的效果是极差的,不宜采用。     

棘胸蛙养殖

棘胸蛙（ＲａｎａＳｐｉｎｏｓａＤａｖｉｅｌ）又名石林鸡、棘蛙、石鸡、坑蛙、山鸡、石蛙。属两栖纲无尾目蛙科蛙属。分布在我国四川、贵州、安徽、浙江、福建、江西、湖北、湖南、云南、广东、广西和台湾等省。多生活在海拔１５０～１０００ｍ,以阔叶林或针阔混交林覆...     

双团棘胸蛙与棘腹蛙酯酶同工酶的比较研究

采用垂直聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对六盘水境内的双团棘胸蛙Paa yunnanensis与棘腹蛙P.boulengeri的肝、肠、胃、肺等4种组织中的酯酶(EST)同工酶进行了研究.结果 显示:两种蛙酯酶同工酶共有10条带,其中双团棘胸蛙EST同工酶有9条带,棘腹蛙EST同工酶有7条带,两种蛙EST同工酶存在较大的种间差异,同种蛙不同组织的酯酶(EST)同工酶迁移率、表达强度也不同.双团棘胸蛙酯酶同工酶酶谱较棘腹蛙的复杂.     

人工养殖棘胸蛙的初步研究

全面认识棘胸蛙的生态习性,如生境、食性、繁殖、越冬和天敌等内容,有助于创造适宜的养殖环境和采取有效的管理措施。人工养殖棘胸蛙获得成功的关键是要做好三方面工作:1.确定养殖方式和建设饲料基地;2.提高蝌蚪及幼蛙的成活率,加快生长发育速度;3.促进成蛙在人工环境中繁殖和提高蛙卵孵化率。     

人工驯养棘胸蛙的繁殖研究

在历时三年人工驯养棘胸蛙的繁殖研究中发现,静水或水势平缓的水域内,棘胸蛙不能繁殖;营养不良、环境噪杂对棘胸蛙的繁殖行为也有很大抑制作用。促进棘胸蝗在人工驯养条件下繁殖,必须提供流水及流水直接冲击到的浅水层产卵附着物;保证繁殖亲蛙充足的营养及足够的活动空间;保持繁殖场所安静荫凉和隐蔽。     

棘胸蛙营养成分的分析

介绍了棘胸蛙的生物学特性及繁殖饲养要求,并报道其营养成分的分析结果。     

ASYMMETRIC COMPETITION IN MIXED POPULATIONS OF TADPOLES OF THE HYBRIDOGENETIC: RANA ESCULENTA COMPLEX

Hybridogenetic Rana esculenta tadpoles display tolerance to extreme environmental conditions and fit criteria of the “general-purpose” genotype. A trade-off between generality and competitive ability is assumed to occur in asexual species, but the evidence remains unclear. The purpose of my experiment was to test the competitive ability of hemiclonal hybrid Rana esculenta tadpoles relative to the parental species Rana lessonae. Mixed and single genotype populations of R. esculenta and R. lessonae tadpoles were reared at three densities in artificial ponds. Survival of R. esculenta was higher than for R. lessonae tadpoles, but did not differ among densities. Body size at metamorphosis was the same between genotypes, but decreased with increasing density. Larval period was not affected by density, but R. esculenta tended to metamorphose earlier than R. lessonae. Percentage of individuals metamorphosing was higher for R. esculenta at both medium and high densities, but the same as R. lessonae at the low density. The difference in survival, body size, and larval period between tadpoles reared in single and mixed genotype populations was unaffected by genotype or density. The difference in the percentage of metamorphs, however, was strongly affected. The percentage of hybrids metamorphosing was 9% above the responses of single genotype populations at the highest density. Conversely, the percentage of R. lessonae metamorphosing was 12% below the responses of single genotype populations at the same density. Hybrid success in this experiment further supports the criterion of a “general-purpose” genotype without assumptions of reduced competitive ability.     

ADAPTIVE GENETIC VARIATION IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TADPOLES OF THE HYBRIDOGENETIC RANA ESCULENTA COMPLEX

The distribution and proportion of the sexual species Rana lessonae to the hemiclonal hybrid R. esculenta among natural habitats suggests that these anurans may differ in adaptive abilities. I used a half-sib design to partition phenotypic and quantitative genetic variation in tadpole responses at two food levels into causal variance components. Rana lessonae displays strong phenotypic variation across food levels. Growth rate is strictly determined by environmental factors and includes weak maternal effects. Larval period and body size at metamorphosis both contain moderate levels of additive genetic variance. The sire x food interactions and the lack of environmental correlations indicate that adaptive phenotypic plasticity is present in both of these traits. In contrast, R. esculenta displays less phenotypic variation across food levels, especially for larval period. Variation in body size at metamorphosis is underlain by genetic variation as shown by high levels of additive genetic variance, yet growth rate and larval period are not. Significant environmental correlations between larval period at high food level and growth, larval period, and body size at low food, indicate phenotypic plasticity is absent. A positive phenotypic correlation between body size at metamorphosis and larval period for R. lessonae at both food levels suggests a trade-off between growing large and metamorphosing quickly to escape predation or pond drying. The lack of a similar correlation for R. esculenta at the high food level suggests it may be less constrained. Different levels of adaptive genetic variation among larval traits suggest that the sexual species and the hybridogenetic hemiclone differ in their abilities to cope with temporally and spatially heterogeneous environments.     

苏州地区金线蛙食性的初步研究

金线蛙各月份的食性分析表明,成蛙以捕食昆虫为主,首食种类是水生动物中的负子昃、螺、虾等,摄食种类变化主要与生境及生长发育相关。     

江西种子植物特有属的生物多样性及其保护

江西植被中拥有中国种子植物特有属５６个（含８０种）,是华东特有属的生物多样性最显著的地区。通过近年调查和数量分析,研究了江西植被中中国种子植物特有属的物种多样性、空间分布格局、生态地理特性及生物多样性中心,探讨了本区与邻近地区中国种子植物特有属分布的联系及其重要地位,并对特有属的生物多样性保护与持续发展提出了切实可行的对策。     

棘胸蛙早期胚胎发育的初步观察

在２５．１５±０．２２℃恒温条件下观察了棘胸蛙的正常胚胎发育。根据外部形态特征、主要生理特征及胚胎行为的出现,将棘胸蛙的胚胎发育划分为２７期,从受精卵到孵化出膜约２３４ｈ．胚胎发育期间的总积温（总热量）为５８８７℃。卵的受精期１．５ｈ。卵裂期历时２９ｈ３３ｍｉｎ,原肠形成期历时１６ｈ４２ｍｉｎ,器官形成期共历时１８６ｈ８６ｍｉｎ。     

赣东北地区鱼类区系特征及我国东部地区动物地理区划

本文依据赣东北鱼类区系的特征,结合古地史资料,从历史时空的角度分析其区系的形成和演化;进而对我国东部地区淡水鱼类动物地理区划进行了讨论并指出：赣东北以及整个长江中下游地区应隶属于东洋区;南岭──武夷山──天台山──仙霞岭可构成东洋区南东亚亚区内次一级地理区划的分界线,即华东小区和华南小区的分界线;洞庭湖水系、鄱阳湖水系和钱塘江水系应享有相同的区划级别,同处于东洋区南东亚亚区华东小区内。     

江西武夷山蝶类昆虫区系概貌

本文分析了江西武夷山区的蝶类昆虫的种类、分布、数量结构和区系组成。其１１２种蝶类隶属１１个区系或混合系,区系成分以东洋系为主体,但古北区系成分占有相当的比重,这一结构表明,江西武夷山处于南北种类昆虫交流汇合的重心地段,其位置接近于东洋区系的北缘。     

江西省河流水生植被

江西省地处长江中下游交接处的南岸,境内有大小河流2400多条,总长约18400km。江西河流水生植被的组成植物隶属27科,36属,共61种,且可划分为14个主要群落类型,其中以苦草、黑藻、竹叶眼子菜、(艽木)和菹草、微齿眼子菜、金鱼藻等沉水植物群落分布较广,面积较大;而适应流水和水深变化能力较差的挺水、浮叶及漂浮植物仅零星分布在河流边岸、河湾水潭边缘或河滩低洼处等。     

赣境武夷山自然保护区的蝽科昆虫

本对赣境武夷山自然保护区的蝽科昆虫的种类组成和区系结构。进行了记述和分析,并就赣境武夷山和间境武夷山蝽科昆虫的种类组成异同,进行对比：末还将赣境武夷山与全省和北京,黑龙江的蝽科昆虫种类。作了一些分析和比较．