椰子幼花序离体培养的器官发生

椰子幼花序在改良的ＭＳ附加高浓度的ＮＡＡ与２,４－Ｄ的培养基产生愈伤组织,在逐渐降离ＮＡＡ和２,４－Ｄ浓度的过程中,愈伤组织产生结构紧密的结节组织,结节组织有输导组织,分生细胞团,根原基及不同发育阶段的胚状体,有些进而发育成正常的根和绿色芽状物,同时,某些幼花枝的基部直接长出绿芽,经继续培养形成具有正常根,叶结构的完整植株,但茎尖无顶端分生组织,无叶原基,有的发育成花枝,甚至在顶部长出几朵发育不正     

乙烯与植物离体培养外植体的器官发生

本综述了乙烯与离体培养外植体器官发生之间的关系,以及乙烯生物合成的调节对外植体不定芽,不定根,花芽分化,原生质体培养及花药培养等过程的影响。     

胡杨雄花和花序轴离体培养的适宜培养基

本文以胡杨（Populus euphratica Oliver）雄花和花序轴为外植体,在11种培养基（表1）上诱导愈伤组织,在8种培养基（表2）上诱导芽分化,在5种培养基（基本培养基为1／2MS,表3）上诱导根分化,得到如下结果：     

蝴蝶兰实生苗不同器官的离体培养

蝴蝶兰实生苗不同器官的离体培养张秀清王志武刘玉敬王春英（山东省农业科学院玉米研究所,济南２５０１００）ＴＨＥＣＵＬＴＵＲＥＯＦＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＴＯＲＧＡＮＳＯＦＰＨＡＬＡＥＮＯＰＳＩＳＳＥＥＤＬＩＮＧＳＩＮＶＩＴＲＯＺｈａｎｇＸｉｕ－ｑｉｎｇＷａｎｇ...     

番茄离体培养过程中器官发生的细胞组织观察

对番茄下胚轴、子叶、茎段、叶片、叶柄不同类型外植体离体培养中有关细胞启动、分裂、分化以及器官发生作了细胞组织学观察。研究结果表明：番茄不同类型外植体在同样的培养条件下,愈伤组织生长表现出明显差异,其中下胚轴、子叶诱导产生愈伤组织时,细胞启动最早,生长最快,其分裂方式基本为无丝分裂,未见有丝分裂,因此我们认为以不定芽方式获得转基因植株时,植株的所有性状变化,是否纯属目的基因所为,应该反复考察,不能忽视不定芽产生过程中的种种变化;下胚轴诱导愈伤组织形成时,细胞不规则的无丝分裂少于子叶,故下胚轴离体培养得到的正常芽的比例高于子叶的;蕃茴离体培养中不定芽通常发生在愈伤组织的周边区,也可起源于维管组织结节周围的形成层状细胞。不定根则由茎中柱鞘处发生。     

植物离体器官发生控制机理研究进展

植物离体器官发生不仅是获得大量无性繁殖植物和进行基因转化的重要途径, 而且亦是研究植物发育问题的主要实验系统之一。迄今为止, 包括营养器官和生殖器官在内的几乎所有的器官都可以在离体条件下得到再生, 为深入研究植物离体器官发生的分子机理奠定了基础。本文着重介绍了营养器官发生过程基因表达的调节及重要功能基因的作用, 并对器官特征决定基因在生殖器官发生过程中的作用进行了分析, 提出了揭示离体器官发生分子机理的主要途径。     

植物离体器官发生控制机理研究进展

植物离体器官发生不仅是获得大量无性繁殖植物和进行基因转化的重要途径,而且亦是研究植物发育问题的主要实验系统之一。迄今为止,包括营养器官和生殖器官在内的几乎所有的器官都可以在离体条件下得到再生,为深入研究植物离体器官发生的分子机理奠定了基础。本文着重介绍了营养器官发生过程基因表达的调节及重要功能基因的作用,并对器官特征决定基因在生殖器官发生过程中的作用进行了分析,提出了揭示离体器官发生分子机理的主要途径。     

银边落地生根不同组织和器官的离体培养（简报）

改变激素配比，可以人从叶片边缘齿间凹处直接诱导出芽丛。去掉表皮的叶肉组织可经愈伤组织途径分化成芽和根。单层离体叶片表皮不能成活。幼茎的上端节间易分化成根，而下端节间则易分化成芽。     

番茄离体培养过程中器官发生的细胞组织学观察

对番茄下胚轴、子叶、茎段、叶片、叶柄不同类型外植体离体培养中有关细胞启动、分裂、分化以及器官发生作了细胞组织学观察。研究结果表明番茄不同类型外植体在同样的培养条件下,愈伤组织生长表现出明显差异,其中下胚轴、子叶诱导产生愈伤组织时,细胞启动最早,生长最快,其分裂方式基本为无丝分裂,未见有丝分裂,因此我们认为以不定芽方式获得转基因植株时,植株的所有性状变化,是否纯属目的基因所为,应该反复考察,不能忽视不定芽产生过程中的种种变化;下胚轴诱导愈伤组织形成时,细胞不规则的无丝分裂少于子叶,故下胚轴离体培养得到的正常芽的比例高于子叶的;番茄离体培养中不定芽通常发生在愈伤组织的周边区,也可起源于维管组织结节周围的形成层状细胞。不定根则由茎中柱鞘处发生。     

油茶组培苗器官发生的形态学与解剖学研究

以油茶岑软3号组培苗为研究材料,对其器官发生过程进行形态学和解剖学观察。结果表明:在选定的培养基上,外植体不经过愈伤组织,直接由器官诱导形成增殖芽,从而有效地保持了其遗传的稳定性。油茶增殖芽不定根由诱导的根原基发生,它起源于形成层薄壁细胞定向分化,不断向外进行伸长生长,并穿透愈伤组织而形成。这种不定根发生形式属皮部生根类型。油茶增殖芽单芽生根培养25 d后在不定根内形成次生维管形成层和木栓形成层,培养40 d以上根内的输导分子与茎内的输导分子相连。     

二甲戊灵对离体大蒜染色体的加倍研究

在MS分化培养基中分别添加不同浓度的秋水仙素和二甲戊灵,以 "改良蒜" 的蒜瓣基部为外植体诱导愈伤组织染色体变异并再生植株,观察根尖细胞染色体数和叶片下表皮保卫细胞特征检测诱变效果.结果表明:大蒜染色体数变异受诱变剂浓度和处理持续时间的影响,诱变剂高浓度和短时间处理均有利于大蒜愈伤组织的分化;添加0.1%秋水仙素处理5 d,愈伤组织存活率为80.7%,分化率为78.1%,四倍体的诱导率为4%;添加 100 μmol/L二甲戊灵处理5 d,愈伤组织存活率为100%,四倍体的诱导率为6%.对根尖细胞染色体和叶片下表皮气孔数目和大小观察显示,诱变株具有四倍体的基本特征.说明二甲戊灵能在离体条件下有效诱导大蒜产生四倍体,可替代秋水仙素对大蒜染色体的加倍作用.     

Continuous callus production and regeneration of garlic (Allium sativum L.) using root segments from shoot tip-derived plantlets

Root segments from shoot tip-derived plantlets of the garlic (Allium sativum L.) clones `DDR7099', `PI383819', and `Piacenza' were utilized as an explant source for continuous, friable callus production. The best callus production occurred on root segments initially cultured on medium with 4,5 μm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for 8 weeks, then subcultured to medium with 4.7 μm 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) +0.49 μm 6-(γ-γ-dimethylallylamino)purine (2iP) for 8 weeks. Embryogenic, friable callus was transferred to liquid medium for 1 month and then transferred to solid regeneration medium for 14 weeks. The best shoot and root regeneration (85.3% and 35.8%, respectively) occurred on 4-month-old calli from the clone `DDR7099'. In all clones, regeneration rate decreased as callus age increased. Received: 14 October 1997 / Revision received: 26 December 1997 / Accepted: 12 January 1998     

大蒜体细胞胚胎发生过程中抗氧化酶活性变化及某些生理特征

以大蒜的发芽叶基(鳞茎)为外植体诱导体细胞胚胎发生,研究大蒜体胚发生过程中SOD、POD和CAT 3种抗氧化酶的活性以及可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量变化.结果表明:在大蒜体胚发生过程中,SOD、POD和CAT活性变化与胚性愈伤组织的诱导及体胚的发育密切相关,POD对体胚的诱导起主导作用,而SOD和CAT在体胚的发育和成熟中起主导作用.可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质累积与大蒜体细胞胚胎发生密切相关.     

Regeneration of whole plants from protoplasts isolated from tissue-cultured shoot primordia of garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Protoplasts derived from tissue-cultured shoot primordia of garlic (Allium sativum L.) initiated successive cell divisions within 4 days and formed small individual calli (0.2mm in diameter) after 5 weeks of culture on Gamborg's B5 medium supplemented with 0.1% casein hydrolysate, 1mg/1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 1mg/1 6-benzylaminopurine. Plating efficiency was roughly 5% at the density of 1x10⁴ protoplasts/ml of medium. Adventitious buds developed from the calli during subsequent subculture on Gamborg's B5 medium supplemented with 40mg/l adenine and 10% coconut milk. When transferred to the same medium without supplements, these buds grew into shoots and rooted. The regenerated garlic plantlets were successfully transferred to the greenhouse and grew into whole plants.     

Genetic variability in callus formation and regeneration of garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Twenty garlic Allium sativum (L.) genotypes were analysed for genetic variation in their ability to form callus (in one medium) and regenerate shoots (in four different media). Genotypes showed significant differences in the analysis of variance of all the traits tested. The accession Printanor showed the best general behaviour, with 83% callus-producing explants, 44.7% organogenic explants, and 15.35 shoots/g of callus. The best regeneration medium was MBO, without growth regulators. Shoot production capacity was examined with the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model that proved to be a powerful tool for analysis and easy comprehension of the strong genotype×medium interactions frequently observed in in vitro culture systems. Received: 5 February 1998 / Revision received: 11 May 1998 / Accepted: 1 June 1998     

大蒜产香内生真菌的分离及其挥发性成分分析

大蒜(Allium sativum L.)是百合科葱属常见的植物,富含丰富的生物活性成分和营养物质。本研究采用组织分离法从新鲜的大蒜中分离内生真菌并进行纯化,获得1株产香浓郁的菌株KLBMPAS015。采用固相微萃取固定吸附,结合气相色谱-质谱解吸附分析技术(SPME-GC-MS)对菌株KLBMPAS015的挥发成分进行分析。结果表明:该菌株代谢产物的香气成分主要为:n-丁酸2-乙基己基酯(n-butyric acid 2-ethylhexyl ester)(1.36%)、1-丁醇3-甲基-丙酸(1-butanol,3-methyl-,propanoate)(25.40%)和戊基惕各酸(iso-amyl tiglate)(65.51%)。产香真菌KLBMPAS015的戊基惕各酸含量相对较高,在天然香料生产中具有重要的潜在应用价值。     

响应面分析法优化大蒜蒜氨酸提取工艺

以新鲜大蒜为原料,微波灭酶后,通过乙酸乙酯打浆除去大蒜中脂溶性成分,以蒸馏水为提取液,采用响应面法研究料液比、提取温度、提取时间对蒜氨酸提取率的影响。结果表明回归模型能较好的预测各因素与响应值之间的关系,所优化的最佳工艺为:料液比为1∶5,提取温度为32℃,提取时间为70 min。此时蒜氨酸的提取率为92.85±0.63%。     

Comparison of C-S Lyase in Lentinus edodes and Allium sativum

The characteristics of C-S lyase in Lentinus edodes (shiitake) were compared with those in Allium sativum (garlic). C-S lyase mRNA from shiitake was hybridized with the garlic C-S lyase cDNA fragment, being almost the same length as that from garlic. The isoelectric point of the C-S lyase from shiitake was between pH 4 and 5, while that from garlic was over a wider range between pH 4 and 8. Different from the C-S lyase from garlic, that from shiitake was not a glycoprotein without being stained by PAS, and was not bound to the anti-garlic C-S lyase antibody. Similar to garlic C-S lyase, shiitake C-S lyase comprised a homodimer, and its molecular mass was 84 kDa. However, the N-terminal amino acid sequences of each subunit of shiitake C-S lyase were totally different from those of garlic C-S lyase.