超声波对谷氨酸结晶过程影响的研究

利用超声波这一能量场对谷氨酸结晶过程进行了研究,通过对谷氨酸溶液的表面张力和电导率测定,分析了超声波场影响谷氨酸溶液结晶机理。实验结果表明:超声波可提高谷氨酸溶液的结晶速率,并可改善谷氨酸晶体颗粒质地。在超声波功率为50 w条件下3 min内谷氨酸结晶速率可达到90%以上,比未经超声波处理同等条件下提高70%。     

表面活性剂对中性粒细胞的影响

本文探讨了一种新的筛选血细胞作用试剂的方法。中性粒细胞经分离纯化后,表面活性剂对其作用效果可避免受到其他血细胞的影响,能准确反应表面活性剂的作用效果。此方法是筛选血细胞作用试剂的理想方法。     

糖蜜原料发酵生产谷氨酸 Ⅱ.表面活性剂法

废糖蜜由于含有大量生物素,如直接用作谷氨酸发酵原料只能使菌体徒长而不产酸,因此必须进行处理,以除去生物素,或者采用生长抑制剂的方法,才能得到正常的谷氨酸产量。有文献报道在生物素过量的培养基中添加某些表面活性剂可以达到正常的谷氨酸产量,这引起了     

表面活性剂对林可霉素发酵生产的影响

在林可霉素发酵过程中,当向培养基中加入表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、吐温80(Tween 80)和曲拉通(Triton X-100)时,林可霉素的产量受到较大影响。本研究应用响应面设计法(Response surface design)对表面活性剂的配比进行了优化,得到的优化配比为:十二烷基磺酸钠为31.13 mg/100 mL,吐温80为51.97 mg/100 mL,曲拉通为16.9 mg/100 mL。将该优化配比应用于林可霉素发酵,产量提高了36.67%。     

表面活性剂对D-阿拉伯糖醇发酵的影响

为提高D-阿拉伯糖醇的产量,研究不同类型表面活性剂对德巴利汉逊酵母(Debaryomyces hansenii)发酵生产D-阿拉伯糖醇的影响。结果表明:阳离子和阴离子表面活性剂对D-阿拉伯糖醇的生成几乎没有影响,部分非离子表面活性剂对D-阿拉伯糖醇的生产有促进作用,其中Trition X-100的影响最为显著。在不同发酵时间加入不同浓度的Trition X-100均对D-阿拉伯糖醇的生产有促进作用,当发酵24 h添加30 g/LTrition X-100时,D-阿拉伯糖醇的产量达到最高(92.9 g/L),相比于对照增加了27.2%。     

表面活性剂对木霉菌产纤维素酶的影响

研究了TW80和“一枝花”洗衣粉作为表面活性剂对木霉菌纤维表酶发酵的影响。结果表明：当TW80在培养基中用量为0.2-0.5%时,对FPA最大提高率为29.6%,对木聚糖酶（Xylanase)最大提高率为31.1%,洗衣粉在培养基中用量为0.5%时,对促进木霉菌产Xylanase有较好的效果。最大提高率达34.4%。     

表面活性剂对海洋微生物溶菌酶活性的影响

以海洋微生物溶菌酶（ⅧL）为研究对象,分别检验几种表面剂对MBL活性的影响,着重研究烷基多苷（APG）对其活性的影响。结果表明,APG与阳离子烷基多苷（矾PG）分别提高MBL相对酶活性为21％,15％,SDS降低该酶活性约为15％,Tween20和Tween80对MBL活性的影响不明显。MBL含量大于5．0mg／mL时,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄、白色念珠球菌有抑菌作用。0．5％～1．5％的APG无明显抑菌作用。将5．0mg／mMBL与1．0mg／mLAPG复配后（简称CEP）,发现APG能明显增强MBL抑菌作用,CEP具有较好地杀菌作用;CEP在54℃培养箱中放置14d后,其杀菌率保持不变,说明CEP的杀菌性能的稳定性良好。     

生物表面活性剂产生菌的筛选及表面活性剂稳定性研究

大庆油田油泥样品经富集培养,平板分离,获得52株菌。排油性实验和表面张力测定表明,菌株B22、B24、B2s产生的表面活性剂表面活性稳定,表面张力较低。温度、pH和NaCl浓度实验证实,细菌B22,产生的生物表面活性剂可耐受120℃高温,另2种生物表面活性剂可耐受80℃;3种细菌生物表面活性剂对pH有广泛适应性,1322pH适应范围为4．0～13．0,B24、B25的pH适应范围为2．0～13．0;NaCl浓度对表面活性剂的生物活性影响不大。将3株菌的生物表面活性剂用于室内油泥处理实验,72h石油去除率达70％以上。     

Glutamic acid modification of vincristine toxicity

The principal limiting feature of the antitumor agent, vincristine, in the clinic has been neurotoxicity; there are no known agents which can routinely prevent or decrease this side effect. Glutamic acid in laboratory and clinical investigations in the early 1960s was found to antagonize vinblastine, another clinically useful vinca alkaloid. Glutamic acid 250 mg/kg/d i.p. was given to normal mice treated with repetitive doses of vincristine 1.5 mg/kg every other day. When glutamic acid was given both before and during vincristine administration, it produced a 49-79% increase in survival compared to control mice receiving vincristine only (p less than 0.01). Other schedules of glutamic acid administration were ineffective. Also, there appeared to be a delay in development of neurotoxic manifestations (toe-walking gait) but the results were not as consistent as the improvement in survival. Glutamic acid given to tumor-bearing mice (P-388 and P-1534 murine leukemia) did not inhibit the antitumor effect of vincristine-induced host toxicity in a schedule-dependent fashion without inhibition of the antitumor effect of vincristine.     

谷氨酸菌体破碎条件的优化研究

以释放胞内物质为主要目的的细胞破碎条件,采用均质破碎法、超声波法、加酶法和碱性自溶法等对谷氨酸菌作进行破碎试验,并对其相应的工艺参数进行了优化研究。结果表明,使用碱性自溶法在pH10.0,温度70℃,干菌浓度为10％时,自溶40min后蛋白质的释放率接近80％,表明该法对释放胞内物质的作用效果较理想。     

Glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmitters in central control of breathing.

We review recent cross-disciplinary experimental and theoretical investigations on metabolism of the amino acid neurotransmitters glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain during hypoxia and hypercapnia and their possible role in central control of breathing. The roles of classical modifiers of central chemical drive to breathing (H+ and cholinergic mechanisms) are summarized. A brief perspective on the current widespread interest in GABA and glutamate in central control is given. The basic biochemistry of these amino acids and their roles in ammonia and bicarbonate metabolism are discussed. This review further addresses recent work on central respiratory effects of inhibitory GABA and excitatory glutamate. Current understanding of the sites and mechanisms of action of these amino acids on or near the ventral surface of the medulla is reviewed. We focus particularly on tracer kinetic investigations of glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms in hypoxia and hypercapnia and their possible role in the ventilatory response to hypoxia. We conclude with some speculative remarks on the critical importance of these investigations and suggest specific directions of research in central mechanisms of respiratory control.