甜菜夜蛾的生物防治及其展望

近些年来,甜菜夜蛾在我国淮河以南地区蔬菜等作物上频繁发生,已成为一种灾害性害虫.由于在无公害蔬菜生产中对化学农药残留要求高,因此生物防治受到人们的广泛关注与重视.本文综述了甜菜夜蛾生物防治进展以及对生物防治的展望.     

芜湖市几种常见蔬菜中亚硝酸盐含量分析

1　引　　言近年来,蔬菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐污染情况已经越来越受到人们的关注.现已证实,人体摄入的硝酸盐有80%以上来自蔬菜[21,22,29],硝酸盐可被硝酸还原细菌还原为亚硝酸盐,亚硝酸盐在人体内积累到一定程度时,会引起人体血液缺氧中毒反应.若亚硝酸与次级胺结合可形成强致癌     

影响蔬菜栽培管理技术推广的相关因素分析

随着近年来我国不断调整农业结构,蔬菜种植已经发展成为农业经济的一大支柱。随着人们生活水平和对生活质量要求的不断提高,饮食健康更受人们所关注,其中对蔬菜安全和质量的重视和要求也逐渐提高。在这种形势下,无公害绿色蔬菜能够满足人们对蔬菜质量的需求,无公害栽培技术被广泛应用于蔬菜的栽培管理中,就无公害蔬菜栽培管理技术及相关因素进行探讨。     

浅析无公害蔬菜种植技术

无公害蔬菜是指严格按照无公害蔬菜生产安全标准与栽培技术生产的无污染、安全、优质以及营养型蔬菜,且蔬菜中农药残留、重金属及亚硝酸盐等有害物质的含量,控制在国家规定的允许范围内,人们食用后对人体健康没有危害的蔬菜。以下本文对无公害蔬菜种植技术进行阐述与分析,以供参考。     

应用Vc发酵弃渣防治保护地病害

1　引　　言近年来 ,我国城镇保护地蔬菜生产获迅猛发展 ,种植面积逐年扩大 ,品种不断增多 ,有力地缓解了城市居民蔬菜供应 .保护地内因环境的适应 ,蔬菜长势旺 ,但病害传播亦盛[1,2 ,5,8,9] .特别是不少菜农以市场需求及自身习惯 ,常在保护地内多茬、连茬种植单一菜种 ,根腐、枯萎等病猖獗[3 ,4,7] ,蔬菜生产严重受抑 ,产量降低 ,品质下降 .现行的防治方法是大量更新保护地土壤 ,拌施以多种化学药剂 ,但效果不甚明显 ,且耗资、耗力过大 .为此 ,人们着意开拓新的防治法 ,特别是近年来 ,无公害蔬菜市场的大量需求 ,其病害的生态防治受到了广…     

安徽野菜植物资源开发

安徽野菜植物资源开发沈显生（安徽教育学院生物系,合肥２３００６１）随着人们生活水平的不断提高,餐桌上的蔬菜种类必须更加丰富。由于野生蔬菜生长环境优良,基本上没有受到化肥和农药的污染,因而受到人们的青睐。尤其是许多野生蔬菜具有药用价值,其营养更加丰富而...     

三种苦竹属竹笋营养成分和矿质元素含量分析

竹笋脆嫩鲜美,且含有多种营养元素,对人体大有裨益,被称为"森林蔬菜"、"保健食品"等,素有"寒士山珍"之美誉.然而,苦竹属(Pleioblastus Nakai)竹种的竹笋味苦、蔑性较差,其利用价值一直没有引起人们的重视.随着人们对绿色食品认识及需求的不断提高,人们尤其是研究者们开始重新认识苦竹[Pleioblastus amarus (Keng) Keng f.]的利用价值.     

转基因蔬菜研究的进展

利用DNA重组技术将目的基因转入蔬菜中,培育成的蔬菜称为转基因蔬菜。它主要是用来选育具有特殊性状的蔬菜新品种。通过转基因技术人们能最大限度地利用感兴趣的外源基因,使蔬菜育种工作具有更强的针对性。本文综述了转基因蔬菜在抗病毒、抗虫、抗除草剂、延迟成熟及品质改良等方面的进展和现状,展示了基因转化技术在蔬菜品种改良上广阔的应用前景。     

番茄中皂苷类成分研究进展

皂苷因其在人体中具有重要的生理及药理活性一直是人们研究的热点.番茄是我们日常生活中最常食用的蔬菜,其主要活性物质除了人们熟知的番茄红素外尚含有含量并不低的水溶性番茄皂苷,目前国内有关番茄皂苷的研究报导较少.本文主要对上世纪70年代以来国外研究人员在番茄皂苷研究方面所取得的进展进行综述.     

大棚蔬菜种植技术及病虫害防治

目前在我国,果蔬产业已经成为了我国重要的经济链条,为我国的经济发展做出了很大的贡献。随着国民生活水平的不断提高,人们对蔬菜的需求也越来越大,其要求也越来越高,蔬菜的质量和健康更多的成为了现在人们关注和重视的话题。大棚蔬菜是我国果蔬产业中重要生产途径的一种,大棚蔬菜的种植不但可以提高蔬菜的产量,同时在营养价值方面也具有一定的优势。因此,大棚蔬菜在种植的技术上更应该要及时的更新,及时的创新以及不断的开发出种植的新技术,同时在病虫害的防治方面应该加强防护并采取相应的措施,从而使我国大棚蔬菜更好的、更健康的进入市场。笔者就本文探讨了大棚蔬菜种植的技术,并且进一步的提出了防治病虫害的一些相关措施,旨为相关工作提供借鉴。     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

川东红池坝地区红三叶和鸭茅人工草地土壤和植物营养元素含量特征的研究

川东红池坝地区红三叶（Ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍｐｒａｔｅｎｓｅ）和鸭茅（Ｄａｃｔｙｌｉｓｇｌｏｍｅｒａｔａ）人工草地土壤和植物营养元素的含量特征如下：（１）土壤中的元素含量以铁、钾和镁较高,钠、钙、氮、锰和磷较低,硫、锌、硼、铜和钼微少;（２）从元素的富集特征来看,该区土壤中的钙、硫为重度淋溶元素,钾、磷、镁、锌、钠为中度淋溶元素,铁、铜属轻度淋溶元素,锰属富集元素;（３）根据元素的生物吸收系列,红三叶属氮－钙型植物,鸭茅属氮－钾－磷型植物。（４）两种牧草的生物吸收系数,均以钙、硫、磷较高,钠、铁较低,其余７种元素介于二者之间。     

Studies on the Characteristic of Element Contents in the Dominant Plant Species of the Three gorges Region in China

The characteristics of the contents of 20 elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, S, Si, P, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ni, Sr, Mo, Na, B, Cr, V) in 16 plant species collected from the Three Gorges Region in China were investigated. The average contents of Ca, K and Mg were higher than 1 000 μg·g-1, that of Al, P, Si, Fe, S and Mn ranged between 100—1 000 μg·g-1 and Ti, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Cd and V were less than 10 μg·g- 1. The level of Na content was less than that of the reported. The main character of the element contents was of the Ca> K type. The contents of P, S, Ca and K in different plant samples showed a normal distribution pattern, while Al and Mn showed a elements lognormal distribution pattern. Plant species differed greatly in the element contents. On analyzing the coefficient of variation (C. V., % ), Al, Mn, Mg, Ni, Sr and Fe had higher C.V., while the C.V. of K, S, P, Cr, Cd and Cu was less than 60%, and Cu had the lowest C.V. The correlations between Al and Fe, Al and Ti, Al and Cr, A1 and V, Cd and Sr, Cd and Mo, Fe and V, Zn and Cr, Ni and Sr, Mg and Ni, Mo and Sr, Ca and Sr, Cr and Mo, Na and Mg, Na and P, P and S were statistically significant in different plant species. The classification of the 16 plant species and 20 dements by two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) method may suggest the difference in dement contents of the different plant species.     

Accumulation, Partitioning and Redistribution of Dry Matter and Mineral Nutrients in Ixia flexuosa L., with Special Reference to its Cormaceous Habit

The seasonal dynamics of uptake, partitioning and redistributionof dry matter, N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cuby the cormaceous plant Ixia flexuosa were studied in pot cultureat Perth, Western Australia. Dry matter and P, N, K, Zn andCu were redistributed from the mother corm with about 90 percent net efficiency: there was no net redistribution of Ca,Na, Fe or Mn. The efficiency of redistribution from the leafyshoot to fruits and the new season's corm was 80 per cent forN and P, 24–49 per cent for K, Cu and Zn, and 0–15per cent for Na, Fe, Ca, Mn, Cl, Mg, S and dry matter. Redistributionfrom the mother corm and vegetative organs could have suppliedthe replacement corm, cormlets and fruits with 32–53 percent of their S, K, P, N, Cu and Zn, and 11–25 per centof their Ca, Cl, Mn, Mg and dry matter. The mature replacementcorm had over 60 per cent of the plant's N and P, 25–50per cent of its dry matter, Zn, Cu, Mg, K and Cl, but less than20 per cent of its Ca, Na, Fe and Mn. Each plant produced anaverage of 12 cormlets; these had 35 per cent of the dry matterand 23–47 per cent of the amount of a particular nutrientin the new season's corms. Fruits had less than 16 per centof the dry matter and each mineral in the mature plant. Ratesof mineral intake by Ixia were much lower than reported forcrop plants, and may be related to the long growing season ofthe species. Ixia polystachya L., corm, nutrition, mineral nutrients, nutrient redistribution     

日本落叶松人工林针叶中矿质营养元素的季节吸收特点及其相互关系

本文测定了日本落叶松人工林针叶中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn9种矿质营养元素含量并研究了生长期内元素含量的变化规律。结果表明,在生长期内各元素含量随季节变化可用修正指数曲钱描述;探讨了落叶松针叶中常量元素与某些土壤化学因子之间的关系。土壤有机质仅与土壤全量氮、水解氮表现了显著的线性相关,与落叶松针叶中的氮没有直接的线性相关。土壤中钙镁的含量则表现出明显的对针叶中磷、钾的含量的制约关系。在日本落叶松针叶中的氮、磷、钾3个元素之间,氮、磷的比值与钾的含量有显著的线性负相关,而磷与钾之间则表现为显著的线性正相关关系。     

湘西地区木通果实微量元素的测定

采用马弗炉干法灰化消化样品,火馅原子吸收法连续测定白木通Akebia trifoliata var.australis (Cieli._Kehd、三叶木通A.trifoliata(Thumb.)Koidz、木通A.quinata Decne.果实中微量金属元素,检测出K,Ca,Na,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu等8种元素含量。3种植物果实中K,Ca,Mg含量较高(＞0．1000mg/g),其中K元素远高于其他元素,Na,Cu含量较低(＜0．0100mg/g)。Fe,Zn,Mn的含量处于中等水平。白木通果实中K,Me,Zn,Mn 4种矿质元素高于三叶木通和木通。木通果实中Ca,Fe两种元素稍高于白木通、三叶木通。Na,Cu两种微量元素在3种果实中含量基本相拟。     

镉胁迫下草莓幼龄期叶、根矿质元素积累和分布的变化

采用水培实验,研究重金属镉对草莓幼龄期叶、根矿质元素含量和分布的影响。结果表明,高量镉降低草莓根中K、Ca、Mg、P、Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe的积累,叶片相应元素以及B、Mo含量也随镉浓度增大而呈降低趋势;但镉浓度较低时,K、Mg、P、Zn在叶、根中的含量均增加,而后才随镉处理浓度提高而降低。在镉胁迫下,同一元素在草莓叶、根之间的分布也受到影响,而且某些矿质元素含量间有显著相关性。     

川金丝猴体毛微量元素的分析

应用等离子发射光谱法分析了秦岭产川金丝猴体毛中Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｓｒ、Ｌｉ、Ｆｅ、Ａｌ、Ｍｎ、Ｂ、Ｐ１６种微量元素的含量,发现除Ｚｎ与Ｍｎ有显著的性别差异外,余者无显著的性别差异,一般雄性稍高于雌性。与四川产川金丝猴体毛中的Ｚｎ、Ｃａ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ含量比较,两地区样本均有极显著的差异。     

Comparison of the nutrient ecology of coastal Banksia grandis elfinwood (windswept shrub‐like form) and low trees,Cape Leeuwin‐Naturaliste National Park,Western Australia

Abstract Trees growing along windy coasts often have canopies that are greatly reduced in size by the sculpting effects of wind and salt spray. Trees with environmentally reduced stature are called elfinwood (windswept shrub‐form or krummholz) and are ecologically important because they represent outposts growing at the limit of tree success. The purpose of this study was to assess if Banksia grandis elfinwood growing at Cape Leeuwin had a different nutrient status than normal low‐form (LF) trees growing nearby, and if nutrient deficiencies, toxicities and/or imbalances were among the limiting factors imposed on elfinwood. The concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl^–, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo and B were analysed for mature green foliage, immature foliage, foliage litter, flowers and soil. When the elfinwood and LF trees were compared, the foliar nutrient status was generally similar, except that elfinwood foliage had significantly higher mean concentrations of N, Zn and Cu, while LF trees had higher Fe and Mn contents. Many nutrients were conserved before leaves were shed in both elfinwood and LF trees, including N, P, K, Na, Cl^–, Mn and Cu (LF trees also conserved Ca and Mg). However, elfinwood and LF tree‐litter contained significantly higher Fe concentrations than green foliage (elfinwood litter also had higher levels of Mg and B). It is tempting to suggest that the translocation of Fe into leaves before they were shed is a regulation mechanism to prevent Fe toxicity, or imbalance in the Fe : Mn ratio. Proteoid roots strongly acidify the soil to mobilize P, which also chemically reduces Fe⁺³ to plant‐available Fe⁺². The increased supply of Fe⁺² in the rhizosphere, caused by the action of proteoid roots, might tend to defeat self‐regulation of Fe uptake. It is possible that excess Fe accumulation in the plant might be regulated, in part, by exporting Fe into the leaves before they are shed. The nutrient status of B. grandis elfinwood is compared with mountain elfinwood of North America. The extreme habitat of coastal elfinwood provides many theoretical pathways for nutrient limitation, but B. grandis elfinwood at Cape Leeuwin does not appear to be nutrient deficient.     

Biomass and chemical composition of fertilized and/or irrigated Pinus resinosa Ait. plantations

Estimates were made of the above-ground biomass and contents of ash, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Mn, Al, Fe, Zn, and Cu by plant components for a 40-year-old Pinus resinosa Ait. plantation growing on a known K-deficient site and treated with KCl fertilizer and/or irrigation. Regression equations were developed from sample-tree data, obtained by total tree analysis techniques, for each tree component on each treatment. After an examination of analytical techniques, it was determined that the contents of the fertilized trees increased more than 140 per cent K, 70 per cent Mn, and 50 per cent N compared to the nonfertilized trees, while the increases in contents of the other elements were more closely related to the 22 percent increase in the biomass of the fertilized trees. The approximate ratio of contents of elements in the total above-ground biomass, expressing Cu=1, was Ca 1000, N 800, K 260, P 90, Mn 90, Mg 75, Al 50, Na 20, Fe 15, Zn 8, Cu 1. The 75 kg per ha more K in the above-ground biomass of the fertilized trees compared to nonfertilized trees was about 15 per cent of the total K applied in the fertilizer. The influence of irrigation on the biomass and chemical composition of the trees was minimal.