稳定表达牛催乳素基因的小鼠乳腺上皮细胞系的建立

在乳腺上皮细胞体外培养时,为了使其状态接近泌乳期,需要在培养基中添加催乳素.由于催乳素价格昂贵,使得乳腺上皮细胞的体外培养成本颇高.建立在体外培养过程中不需要添加催乳素蛋白的乳腺上皮细胞系,能为在细胞水平研究乳腺细胞相关基因提供诸多方便.利用慢病毒载体的整合特性,建立稳定整合了牛催乳素cDNA(bPRL)表达盒的小鼠乳腺上皮细胞系(HC11细胞系).经10代次以上的传代以后,通过定量PCR检测,证明平均每个细胞中含有2.6个外源的bPRL基因,其表达量为HC11细胞中管家基因β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)表达量的14%左右.另外,先前的研究结果表明催乳素能在HC11和泌乳期的小鼠乳腺上皮组织中有效促进山羊β-酪蛋白启动子启动外源基因的表达.之后的实验证实整合了催乳素基因的HC11细胞(bPRL-HC11细胞系)也有此功能.因此,bPRL-HC11细胞系可以为体外研究乳腺生物反应器提供良好的细胞模型.     

牛催乳素基因组及其cDNA全长序列的分子克隆和分析

通过LongPCR等技术首次克隆得到全长9388bp的牛催乳素（bPRL)基因组序列（GenBank登录号AF426315）,其中包括bPRL基因全部5个外显子和4个内含子,5′端854bp的上游调控区以及3′端69bp的UTR,AF426315基因编码的蛋白质在GenBank中的序号为AAL28075,由229个氨基酸残基组成,1-30位氨基酸残基为信号肽序列,成熟的多肽含有199个氨基酸残基,将bPRL基因组DNA真核表达载体转染COS-7细胞后通过RT-PCR得到长度为804bp的bPRLcDNA序列,该序列涵盖了bPRL基因的全部ORF区,证明本研究所获得的bPRL基因组DNA具有转录的生物学功能,Blast搜索结果显示,GenBank数据库中收集有多条bPRL基因的mRNA和EST序列,各序列间存在多个SNP位点,主要分布于下游编码区和3′端的UTR,这些位点均未改变相应的氨基酸残基的性质,此外,5′端编码信号肽序列的区域呈现高度保守性。     

关岭牛MyoD玉基因启动子报告质粒的构建及活性验证

为了克隆关岭牛MyoD玉基因启动子并验证其启动活性,根据GenBank中牛的MyoD玉基因序列设计PCR引物,用PCR技术扩增牛MyoD玉基因的启动子,构建重组克隆载体pUCmT-MyoD玉;并通过PCR扩增、限制性酶切、测序及生物信息学分析对阳性克隆进行鉴定;构建报告质粒pGL3-MyoD玉,并将其转染小鼠C2C12、3T3-L1细胞系,检测其24 h后的双荧光素酶活性。实验结果获得了关岭牛MyoD玉基因启动子,其序列长度为993 bp,并成功构建了MyoD玉启动子报告质粒;双荧光素酶活性检测表明pGL3-MyoD玉在小鼠C2C12细胞中的表达是pGL3空载体40.65倍,在小鼠3T3-L1细胞中的表达是空载体的1.13倍,MyoD玉启动子在小鼠C2C12细胞中的表达高于3T3-L1细胞(**p<0.01)。结果表明关岭牛MyoD玉基因启动子具有启动活性,在小鼠骨骼肌细胞中特异性表达。     

转基因小鼠乳腺上皮细胞的体外培养及其对催乳素反应的研究

实现转基因生物乳腺反应器对外源蛋白的高效表达是目前生物制药亟待解决的难题。催乳素对泌乳期乳蛋白的合成与分泌具有重要的调控功能。通过转基因小鼠乳腺上皮细胞模型的建立,研究催乳素如何调控乳蛋白的表达,为提高乳腺反应器高效表达外源蛋白提供技术及理论支撑。应用机械破碎及胶原酶消化法,经差速贴壁纯化,成功培养含人转铁蛋白基因的小鼠乳腺上皮细胞,细胞上清液中检测到人转铁蛋白表达。细胞经牛催乳素诱导后人转铁蛋白的表达水平明显升高。利用转基因小鼠乳腺上皮细胞模型,可以进行催乳素和环境因素等对乳腺上皮细胞合成及分泌蛋白能力影响的研究。     

牛β-乳球蛋白基因的克隆及其调控外源基因表达的研究

目的制备乳腺生物反应器所必需的乳腺特异性表达的调控序列,并验证其指导外源基因表达的能力.方法用PCR法从奶牛染色体上分5段扩增出了全长8.2Kb的牛β-乳球蛋白基因,包括1.8Kb的5′侧翼区、1.7Kb的3′侧翼区及4.7Kb的gDNA区.扩增出的各片段克隆到T-载体上,酶切鉴定及序列分析均证实了所扩增片段的正确性.将五个片段与荧光素酶cDNA拼接成荧光素酶瞬时表达载体并在小鼠乳腺中瞬时表达.结果注射荧光素酶瞬时表达载体的小鼠乳汁中明显测出了荧光素酶活性.结论所克隆的牛β-乳球蛋白基因表达调控序列能够指导外源基因在小鼠乳腺中表达.     

牛催乳素cDNA在大肠杆菌中的克隆与表达

从牛垂体中分离出总的mRNA,经逆转录酶及大肠杆菌DNA聚合酶合成双链cDNA,以pBR322作为克隆载体并用加G．C尾的方法进行重组,把重组质粒导人大肠杆菌中,建立了牛垂体mRNA的cDNA文库。用标记的人工合成的牛催乳索基因片段作为探针进行杂交,并从库中筛选到几个阳性克隆,经酶谱分析和DNA序列分析证明克隆中有一个含有全长的牛催乳素cDNA序列。将所获得的克隆进行“剪切”,加上启动子,然后导人大肠杆菌JM 103中并在IPTG诱导下表达。用SDS-PAGE检测,证明有表达产物存在,再通过酶标测定证明该表达产物具有与天然牛催乳素相似的免疫学活性。     

肝特异性表达HCV5′NCR调控荧光素酶质粒的构建及表达

小鼠白蛋白是肝组织特异性表达的蛋白 ,这种特异性是由白蛋白启动子所介导的 .以2 2 35A- 1质粒为模板 ,通过 PCR扩增获得小鼠白蛋白启动子 /增强子基因片段 ,用小鼠白蛋白启动子 /增强子基因片段取代 p HCV- neo4质粒 (含 HCV5′NCR调控荧光素酶基因 )的 CMV启动子 ,构建了一种白蛋白启动子启动转录的 HCV5′NCR调控荧光素酶表达质粒 (p A1 b- HCV) .该质粒能在小鼠肝癌细胞中表达且较小鼠其它癌细胞中表达水平明显增高 ,表明成功地构建了肝特异性表达的 HCV5′NCR调控荧光素酶表达质粒 .该研究为建立肝特异性表达的 HCV5′NCR转基因小鼠模型奠定了基础 ,对评价 HCV特异性反义药物及肝靶向性运载系统的作用具有重要的实际意义     

肝特异性表达HCV5′NCR调控荧光素酶质粒的构建及表达

小鼠白蛋白是肝组织特异性表达的蛋白 ,这种特异性是由白蛋白启动子所介导的 .以2 2 35A- 1质粒为模板 ,通过 PCR扩增获得小鼠白蛋白启动子 /增强子基因片段 ,用小鼠白蛋白启动子 /增强子基因片段取代 p HCV- neo4质粒 (含 HCV5′NCR调控荧光素酶基因 )的 CMV启动子 ,构建了一种白蛋白启动子启动转录的 HCV5′NCR调控荧光素酶表达质粒 (p A1 b- HCV) .该质粒能在小鼠肝癌细胞中表达且较小鼠其它癌细胞中表达水平明显增高 ,表明成功地构建了肝特异性表达的 HCV5′NCR调控荧光素酶表达质粒 .该研究为建立肝特异性表达的 HCV5′NCR转基因小鼠模型奠定了基础 ,对评价 HCV特异性反义药物及肝靶向性运载系统的作用具有重要的实际意义     

牛β-酪蛋白基因的克隆及乳腺特异性表达载体的构建

利用PCR技术分3段克隆了长约9．7kb的牛β-酪蛋白基因,分别克隆在pGEM-T easy Vector的T位点。经NCBI Blastn分析,与牛β-酪蛋白基因相应区段的同源性为98％。这3段序列包含完整的5’侧翼序列、前8个外显子及第8个内含子的部分序列。以此构建了两个乳腺特异性表达载体：利用第1段和第2段共有的酶切位点将两段融合,作为5’调控区（6．8kb）,第3段和实验室已有的600bp的加尾信号通过重组PCR拼接作为3’调控区（3．4kb）构建了一乳腺特异性表达载体;以第一段作为5’调控区,实验室已有的600bp加尾信号作为3’为调控区构建了另一乳腺特异性表达载体。可以应用于进一步乳腺生物反应器的研制。     

Kidney-Specific Activity of the Bovine Uromodulin Promoter

A 10-kilobase (kb) bacteriophage bovine genomic clone containing 5.4 kb of the 5-flanking region, exons, and introns of bovine uromodulin gene was isolated. Transgenic mice containing 3.9 kb of the bovine uromodulin promoter and a lacZ reporter gene were generated by pronuclear microinjection. RT-PCR and northern blot analyses of transgene expression in various tissues of founder and F1 mice showed that the transgene was expressed exclusively in the kidney. In situ hybridization and histochemistry for lacZ demonstrated that transgene expression was restricted to tubule epithelial cells of the loop of Henle in the kidney. Stepwise 5 deletion analysis revealed that transfection of luciferase reporter constructs fused to various proximal 5-flanking regions of the bovine uromodulin gene markedly increased luciferase activity in mouse renal epithelial cells but not in mesenchymal cells and that the most critical cis elements of the uromodulin gene are located within the 600 bp upstream region.     

Leptin promoter mutations affect leptin levels and performance traits in dairy cows

Leptin concentrations in body fluids and tissues undergo dynamic changes during the periparturient period. Polymorphisms in the leptin gene have been shown to be associated with differences in leptin concentration during late pregnancy but not during lactation. As the promoter of leptin regulates the expression of leptin, polymorphisms in this region could play an important role in the differences in leptin expression observed during the periparturient period. We sequenced the leptin promoter and discovered 20 SNP in a 1.6-kbp region of the bovine leptin promoter. Fourteen of these SNP were genotyped for all animals and these were found to be associated with leptin concentrations during late pregnancy but not during lactation. Three of these SNP are located in a 135-bp promoter region and together explained 14.3% of the variance in prepartum leptin concentrations which indicates that this region might be important for pregnancy-induced leptin synthesis. In the association study of the 14 SNP with dairy traits three were separately found to be associated with fertility, energy balance and protein yield. These might serve as markers for future breeding programmes for better fertility and energy balance without significantly influencing milk yield in dairy cattle.     

Immortalization of bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells: a model for the study of vascular endothelium

Endothelial cells perform a large array of physiological functions that are influenced by their cellular heterogeneity in the different vascular beds. Vein endothelial cells isolated from the umbilical cords are commonly used to study vascular endothelium. Primary cultures of these cells, however, have low proliferative capacity and a limited life span. We have immortalized bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells (BUVEC) by transfection with an expression vector containing the human papillomavirus type 16 E6E7 oncogenes. Expression of E6E7 extended the life span of BUVEC from 40 to more than 1-20 cell replication cycles with no signs of senescence. Four immortalized clones were isolated and found to maintain endothelial cell properties, such as the uptake of acetylated low density lipoprotein, the expression of the von Willebrand protein, the binding of endothelial cell-specific lectins and proliferative responses to the specific endothelial cell mitogen, vascular endothelial growth factor. Moreover, clone BVE-E6E7-1, like its wild-type counterparts, expressed prolactin mRNA and decreased its proliferation in response to the anti-angiogenic 16-kDa fragment of prolactin. This clone showed little signs of genetic instability as revealed by centrosome and chromosome number analysis. Thus, immortalized E6E7 BUVEC cell lines retain endothelial cell characteristics and could facilitate studies to investigate the action of regulatory factors of vascular endothelium. Moreover, being the first non-human umbilical vein endothelial cell lines, their use should provide insights into the mechanisms governing species-related heterogeneity of endothelial cells.     

牛泡沫病毒反式激活因子在内部启动子上应答元件的研究

泡沫病毒的基因转录依赖至少两个不同的启动子：ＬＴＲ调节病毒结构蛋白的表达,而内部启动子（ＩＰ）则起始调节蛋白ｍＲＮＡ的转录。牛泡沫病毒（ＢＦＶ）在ｅｎｖ与３’ＬＴＲ之间有两个重叠的开放阅读框架ｏｒｆ－１和ｏｒｆ－２,分别编码ＢＦＶ ＯＲＦ－１、ＯＲＦ－２等多种调节蛋白。这此蛋白中ＢＦＶ ＯＲＦ－１为转录激活因子,称为Ｔａｓｏ Ｔａｓ对ＬＴＲ及ＩＰ均有反式激活作用。ＢＦＶ中第二类启动子ＩＰ的存在反映     

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in dairy and beef cattle at the growth hormone and prolactin loci

Two bovine populations, a Holstein-Friesian dairy stock and a synthetic (Baladi X Hereford X Simmental X Charolais) beef stock, were screened for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at the growth hormone and prolactin genes. Most RFLPs at the growth hormone gene are apparently the consequence of an insertion/deletion event which was localized to a region downstream of the structural gene. The restriction map for the genomic region including the growth hormone gene was extended. Two HindIII RFLPs at the growth hormone locus, as well as several RFLPs at the prolactin gene, seemed to be the consequence of a series of point mutations. The results are discussed in terms of the possibility that minor genomic variability underlies quantitative genetic variation.     

Mapping of bovine prolactin and rhodopsin genes in hybrid somatic cells

The genes encoding bovine prolactin and rhodopsin were assigned to syntenic groups on the basis of hybridization of DNA from a panel of bovine-hamster hybrid somatic cell lines with cloned prolactin and rhodopsin gene probes. Prolactin was found to be syntenic with previously mapped glyoxalase, BoLA and 21-hydroxylase genes, establishing a syntenic conservation with human chromosome 6. The presence of bovine rhodopsin sequences among the various hybrid cell lines was not concordant with any gene previously assigned to one of the 23 defined autosomal syntenic groups. Thus, rhodopsin marks a new bovine syntenic group, U24, leaving only five cattle autosomes unmarked by at least one biochemical or molecular marker.     

重组杆状病毒表达牛β干扰素及其生物学活性研究

本研究构建了表达牛β干扰素的重组杆状病毒,感染sf9细胞后,分别采用免疫荧光和免疫印迹证实了重组BoIFN-β的表达存在于细胞内和培养上清中。采用表达绿色荧光蛋白的水疱性口炎病毒(VSV*GFP)检测分泌到细胞上清中重组BoIFN-β的抗病毒活性,可达到106.0AU/mL。同时重组BoIFN-β还可以激活鸡Mx启动子控制的萤光素酶报告基因的转录表达。综上,本研究采用杆状病毒表达系统,重组牛β干扰素以分泌形式高水平表达,且具有天然Ⅰ型干扰素的生物学活性。     

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms associated with growth hormone and prolactin genes in Holstein bulls: evidence for a novel growth hormone allele

Summary. Sperm DNA isolated from sons of three extensively used US Holstein bulls was screened for differences associated with the primary gene structure of the bovine growth hormone (bGH) and prolactin (bPrl) genes. Southern blot analysis of DNA digested with 10 restriction enzymes revealed that offspring from two of the three bull families exhibited polymorphisms around the bGH and bPrl genes. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) around the bGH gene were detected with five enzymes, whereas three enzymes revealed RFLPs around the bPrl gene. At least three structural differences were predicted around the bGH gene. The most common variant hybridization pattern appeared to involve an insertion/deletion located downstream of the conserved 3' Eco RI site. The presence of RFLPs in the genes coding for these pituitary hormones within a familial line may provide the basis for genetic markers associated with lactation and mammary development.     

The effect of bovine growth hormone on growth of mammary tumors in hypophysectomized rats

Bovine growth hormone has been shown to be effective in promoting growth of mammary tumors in hypophysectomized rats treated with 7, 12-dimethylbenzathracene.