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1.
Summary The ratio of fresh weight to dry cell weight (FW/DCW), an index of cell water content, is important in determining the theoretical maximum cell concentration in high density culture of plant cell suspensions. Theoretical maximum cell density for Thalictrum rugosum was estimated to be as high as 137.2 g/l. The FW/DCW values were found to vary from species to species and it was related to medium osmolarity. When the cells were placed in a high osmolarity environment, decrease of FW/DCW was very rapid, taking place within 24 hours. 相似文献
2.
Development and Characterization of a Nonmorphogenetic Cell Line of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Arron C. Guenzi Kay Scheets J. Larry Green John P. Fellers 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2004,78(1):23-28
This study was conducted to compare characteristics of a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cell line to those of the maize (Zea mays L.) black Mexican sweet (BMS) cell line and to compare protoplasts isolated from suspension cells of these cell lines. The
wheat cell line was established from immature-embryo derived callus of the experimental line ‘ND7532’ and was conditioned
for growth in suspension culture. For both cell lines, measurements of packed cell volume (PCV), fresh weight (FW), and dry
weight (DW) were taken at 3 day intervals from suspension cultures. Measurements of FW of calluses cultured from suspension
cells of both cell lines were taken at 6 day intervals. The morphogenetic potential of the wheat ND7532 cell line was tested
in both callus and suspension cultures using media promoting regeneration and/or organogenesis. Growth rates of ND7532 cells
in suspension culture were comparable to those of BMS cells. However, relative growth rates of calluses recovered from ND7532
suspension cells were slower than those of calluses recovered from BMS suspension cells. The ND7532 cell line has very limited
morphogenetic potential and has been maintained as rapidly growing callus tissue for 11 years. Yields of protoplasts from
suspension cells of the two cell lines were comparable, though ND7532 protoplasts were typically smaller. The wheat cell line
has is now designated ND7532-NM (nonmorphogenetic) and is available for cellular and molecular biology research. 相似文献
3.
Effect of hypotonic shock on cultured pavement cells from freshwater or seawater rainbow trout gills
Leguen I Prunet P 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology》2004,137(2):259-269
The effect of hypotonic shock on cultured pavement gill cells from freshwater (FW)- and seawater (SW)-adapted trout was investigated. Exposure to 2/3rd strength Ringer solution produced an increase in cell volume followed by a slow regulatory volume decrease (RVD). The hypotonic challenge also induced a biphasic increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) with an initial peak followed by a sustained plateau. Absence of external Ca(2+) did not modify cell volume under isotonic conditions, but inhibited RVD after hypotonic shock. [Ca(2+)](i) response to hypotonicity was also partially inhibited in Ca-free bathing solutions. Similar results were obtained whether using cultured gill cells prepared from FW or SW fishes. When comparing freshly isolated cells with cultured gill cells, a similar Ca(2+) signalling response to hypotonic shock was observed regardless of the presence or absence of Ca(2+) in the solution. In conclusion, gill pavement cells in primary culture are able to regulate cell volume after a cell swelling and express a RVD response associated with an intracellular calcium increase. A similar response to a hypotonic shock was recorded for cultured gill cells collected from FW and SW trout. Finally, we showed that calcium responses were physiologically relevant as comparable results were observed with freshly isolated cells exposed to hypoosmotic shock. 相似文献
4.
This paper presents a technique for accurate estimation of growth in root culture systems. Biomass correlations, were used to estimate fresh weight time course data in shake flasks and reactors based on a model of liquid nutrient uptake and osmolality, to account for changing specific water content of roots. This mass balance technique has been developed to permit accurate aseptic on-line estimation of dry weight (DW), fresh weight (FW), and liquid volume (V) in root cultures utilizing either refractive index or electrical conductivity of the liquid medium along with liquid medium osmolality. The ability to predict fresh weight is particularly important since this is proportional to the biomass volume fraction which determines mass transfer and other culture transport characteristics. The proposed model has been validated with time course information (DW, FW, and V) from 125 mL shake flasks and corroborated with data obtained from 2 L reactors. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
5.
Summary A stabilized two-year old suspension of a Datura innoxia cell line, producing small amounts of tropane alkaloids (scopolamine and hyoscyamine) was used in this study. Calcium alginate immobilization has been shown to be able to increase secondary metabolite (i. e. alkaloid) production. The effects of calcium and ungellified alginate were both beneficial for tropane alkaloid synthesis; a 10mM calcium chloride supply gave the best results, with a 10-fold yield increase.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- S
standard cell culture medium
- HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography
- FW
fresh weight
- FDA
fluorescein diacetate
- FW
fresh weight 相似文献
6.
Prolactin (PRL) cell activity was investigated in eels kept in fresh water (FW), deionized water (DW) supplemented or not with Ca (2 mM), in Ca-enriched FW (10 mM), in normal (Ca 3.4 mM) or Ca-free 1/3 sea water (SW), and in SW (Ca 10.2 mM) or Ca-free SW (Ca 0.15 mM). Light-microscopic studies, including measurement of the nuclear area and cell height, showed that PRL cell activity, reduced in DW, is not affected by Ca supplementation. Activity is reduced in Ca-enriched FW, in 1/3 SW and in SW, conditions inducing an increase in the plasma sodium level. The lack of calcium in saline environments partly suppresses the nuclear atrophy occurring in SW. There is no significant correlation between external or total plasma calcium concentration and PRL cell activity. In artificial Ca-free SW, eels show a rapid increase in plasma osmolarity and sodium levels; there is a significant negative correlation between these two plasma values and the nuclear area or cell height of PRL cells. As in some other teleosts, plasma osmolarity and plasma sodium seem to play a more important role than external or internal calcium in controlling PRL secretion. This correlation is not apparent in eels kept in SW, having unstimulated PRL cells but active calcium-sensitive (Ca-s) cells in the pars intermedia. 相似文献
7.
Summary Prolactin (PRL) cells were studied electron-microscopically and morphometrically in the annual cyprinodont fish, Cynolebias whitei during its life cycle. In prehatching larvae, PRL cells possessed small secretory granules, giant mitochondria and a well-developed Golgi apparatus. During hatching, no changes were observed in the volume density of the secretory granules, indicating that no increased release of PRL occurs at hatching. A significant change in the composition of PRL cells, i.e., the volume densities per cytoplasm volume of the different organelles, occurred between one day and one week of age. Thereafter, only minor differences were observed between age groups, indicating that no major changes occur in PRL cell activity during the lifespan of C. whitei. However, the volume density per cell volume of the nucleus decreased steadily with age during the lifespan. A comparison of the PRL cells in young and adult fish reared in fresh water (FW) with siblings reared from hatching in diluted sea water (1/3 SW) did not reveal any differences with respect to the volume densities of the organelles, including the secretory granules. However, significant differences were observed with respect to the diameter, electron-dense content and affinity to anti- PRL serum of the secretory granules. These differences indicate that, despite the similar volumetric composition of the PRL cells, their secretory granules contain a substantially higher concentration of PRL in FW-reared fish than in 1/3 SW-reared fish. 相似文献
8.
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10.
《Journal of Plant Interactions》2013,8(1):412-417
Cell suspension cultures of Linum album Kotschy ex Boiss. have been reported to produce anticancer podophyllotoxin and its related lignans. In the present study, we investigated the effect of culture filtrate of Fusarium graminearumon growth, and lignan and phenolic compounds in L. album cell culture. After 7 days of pre-culture, the cells were treated with 1% (v/v) of the culture filtrate. Cell growth was reduced, while phodophyllotoxin and lariciresinol production was stimulated reaching a maximum 0.0187 mg/g fresh weight (FW) and 0.0136 mg/g FW 5 days after the treatment, respectively. Also, our results provide evidence that the culture filtrate of F. graminearum can be effective on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and phenolic compounds. 相似文献
11.
12.
The size of callus of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia was measured by determinations of fresh weight (FW), area (electronic planimeter and a point-counting method) and width (standard width and greatest width). All these methods, with the exception of the standard width measurements, were found to produce adequate substitutes for fresh weight.Particular advantages apply to the use of the point-counting method, but the relationship between callus area and point interval was found to be critically important in determining the accuracy of measurements. The use of surface dimensions rather than FW permits continuous measurement of callus size without disturbance of the callus or its environment within the containers.Abbreviation FW
fresh weight 相似文献
13.
Angelo Luiz Cortelazzo Marie-France Marais Jean-Paul Joseleau 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1996,46(1):27-33
The growth parameters of a cell suspension culture of Rubus fruticosus L. were determined over a culture period including exponential growth, stationary phase and a glucose starvation period at the end of the normal culture cycle. Peroxidase activities were measured in the cytoplasm, in the cell wall, and in the culture medium by the guaiacol assay. There is a relationship between the activity found in the spent medium and the dry matter mass of the cells during the exponential growth. In the three compartments a bimodal repartition of peroxidase activities was observed, with the two peaks at day 4 and day 26, respectively. This suggests that the first peak corresponds to actively dividing cells whereas the second is associated with senescence, or stress due to starvation. Fractionation of the peroxidases from the culture mediuim revealed the presence of two sets of cationic isoenzymes, with minor amount of anionic peroxidases. Interestingly, the second peak of cationic enzymes which was of weak intensity at day 10 of the culture, becameprevalent at day 26. This indicates that not only the total amount of peroxidases varies as a function of culture time, but also that the nature of the peroxidases secreted into the medium changes during growth.Abbreviations DW
dry weight
- FW
fresh weight
- MV
medium volume
- SV
suspension volume
- BSA
bovine serum albumin 相似文献
14.
The inorganic phosphate of the liquid nutrient medium was completely taken up by freshly inoculated cells of Nicotiana tabacum L. within the first 2 d of culture. Thus intracellular ortho-phosphate concentrations of approx. 0.06 M were accumulated, which upon growth of the cultures were diluted by cell division and subsequent cell growth. Cells from different stages of the growth cycle containing progressively decreasing levels of phosphate were transferred to a phosphate-free medium which normally stimulates the formation of cinnamoyl putrescines. The resulting accumulation of these compounds was inversely correlated with the intracellular phosphate level, whereas a direct linear relationship in the phosphate concentration was found with further growth in the phosphate-free medium.Abbreviations 2,4D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- FW
fresh weight
- DW
dry weight
- MS-medium
Murashige-Skoog-medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) 相似文献
15.
5'-Nucleotidase activity of normal human embryonic lung fibroblasts (IMR-90) was found to be inhibited by the homogenates of seven different cell lines originated from patients with different kinds of leukemia and of fresh lymphocytes from a patient with Sezary syndrome (circulating T-cell lymphoma). About 97% of the inhibiting activity was found in the soluble fraction of RPMI 8402 cells, a cell line originated from the lymphocytes of a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. This inhibiting activity was not destroyed by dialysis, heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min, nor digestion with RNAase or DNAase. About 85% of the inhibiting activity was destroyed by digestion with papain at 37 degrees C for 1 h and it was destroyed completely by heating at 100 degrees C for 30 min. When the heated (56 degrees C for 30 min) soluble fraction of RPMI 8402 cells was mixed with the homogenate of IMR-90 cells, it had no effect on the activities of alkaline, neutral or acid phosphatases, nor of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase or cytochrome c oxidase of IMR-90 cells. Preincubating the mixed samples for 1, 20 and 45 min, respectively, before adding the substrate, the heated soluble fraction of RPMI 8402 cells did not increase the percentage of inhibition for 5'-nucleotidase of the homogenate of IMR-90 cells. No inhibition of other enzyme activities was observed under similar conditions. These data suggest that the inhibiting activity is due to a protein(s) that is not a protease. The inhibiting activity was found in a single peak after the soluble fraction was fractionated by Sephadex G-100 chromatography and sedimentation centrifugation. The molecular weight of the inhibitor was found to be approx. 35,000 by comparing its retention volume and sedimentation rate with those of proteins of known molecular weight. The present study suggest that the previously reported undetectability of 5'-nucleotidase in permanent cell lines could be due to the presence of a protein inhibitor for 5'-nucleotidase in these human leukemic cell lines. It also supports the hypothesis that the increased 5'-nucleotidase activity in normal senescent cells in vitro may be a control in cellular aging that is missing from leukemic cells in vitro. 相似文献
16.
Bärbel Grieb Ulrich Groß Eva Pleschka Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt Karl-Hermann Neumann 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1994,38(2-3):115-122
In this paper photoautotrophic carrot (Daucus carota L.) suspension cultures are described which are able to produce somatic embryos. The development of somatic embryos, however, requires a sucrose supplement. Although an elevation of the CO2 concentration up to 2.3% results in the same level of dry weight production as with sucrose in the medium, somatic embryos could not be observed.Results on the influence of sucrose on some aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus of cultured cells are discussed.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- DW
dry weight
- ELISA
enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay
- FW
fresh weight
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- PEPCase
phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxylase
- Rubisco
Ribulose- 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
- se
somatic embryogenesis 相似文献
17.
The physicochemical and immunochemical properties of a thermo-labile antigen (TLA a) which is located on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. The sedimentation constant (S20,W) and molecular weight (sedimentation equilibrium method) were 6.26S and 68,800, respectively. The circular dichroic (CD) spectrum of TLA a had negative maxima at 210 and 221 nm, indicating the presence of alpha-structure of a polypeptide chain. The molar ratio of antibody to antigen which gave maximum precipitation was 2.7. Approximately 50% of the antigenic activity of heat-denatured TLA a was recovered when denatured molecules were dissolved in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride followed by 25-fold dilution with H2O. The amount of TLA a existing on the yeast cell surface was estimated to be 37.5 micrograms per 10.5 mg of fresh cells, corresponding to 0.36% by weight of the fresh yeast. 相似文献
18.
Endogenous levels of cytokinins in an anise cell culture were determined by the use of radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in combination with single-ion monitoring, during proembryonal and embryonal development. In both cultures the highest cytokinin levels were correlated with logarithmic growth (embryonal: isopentenyladenosine, 4 ng g-1 fresh weight [FW]; isopentenyladenine, 1.4 ng g-1 FW; zeatin, 3.6 ng g-1 FW; proembryonal: isopentenyladenosine, 58.3 ng g-1 FW; isopentenyladenine, 7.9 ng g-1 FW; zeatin 11.1 ng g-1 FW). The proembryonic culture medium but not the embryonic culture medium contained isopentenyladenosine up to 28 pg ml-1 during logarithmic growth. No correlation between different embryonic stages and the endogenous cytokinin level was obvious.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- FW
fresh weight
- GC-MS
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- HPLC
high-performance liquid chromatography
- RIA
radioimmunoassay
- SIM
single-ion monitoring 相似文献
19.
T J Nevalainen 《Experimental cell biology》1978,46(4):193-198
Quantitative changes in the pancreatic acinar cell organelles were studied in BALB/c mice injected with 1.0 ml fresh rabbit serum intraperitoneally. Groups of 5 mice were killed at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 h after the serum injection. Pancreatic tissue was processed for electron microscopy by glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide fixation and Epon embedding. The proportions of acinar cell cytoplasm (volume fractions) occupied by zymogen granules, granular endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and lysosomes (including autophagosomes) were determined by the point counting method from electron micrographs. The volume fraction of lysosomes increased during the first 3 h and remained markedly elevated up to 12 h. The volume fractions of zymogen granules increased from 12 to 28% in 12 h. It was concluded that the secretory mechanism of pancreatic acinar cells was injured by the foreign serum. The injury caused accumulation of zymogen granules and increased autophagic activity in the acinar cells. 相似文献
20.
The prolactin (PRL) cells of the pituitary are less active in seawater (SW)-adapted eels than in freshwater (FW) ones. The kinetics of their response during adaptation to SW or readaptation to FW was investigated. Morphometric studies show that transfer into SW induces a rapid nuclear atrophy, and a reduction of the cell height and of the amount of cytoplasmic granules. These parameters still continue to decrease slowly for one month, becoming then fairly stable. Readaptation to FW stimulates PRL cells after 2 to 10 days. After one or two months, the cells are similar to those of eels kept in FW. The responses of PRL cells appear to be slower in the eel than in Cyprinodonts, which need PRL to live in FW. A complete adaptation to both environments requires one month at least in Anguilla. 相似文献