综述与专论: 高压氧疗法治疗脑缺血的相关机制

脑缺血是指大脑各部分血液供应不足导致脑组织缺血缺氧，进而导致密集缺血区脑组织出现不可逆的损伤坏死，其高致残率、高死亡率会对患者及其家庭造成严重的伤害。在脑缺血发生后，及时采取一定的治疗措施控制梗死灶的大小，并挽救半暗带中的细胞是脑缺血预后的关键。高压氧疗法是针对脑缺血的一种潜在治疗方法，在近年来得到了越来越广泛的关注和研究，本文旨在综述近年来国内外关于高压氧疗法治疗脑缺血的相关机制及研究进展，为脑缺血患者的治疗和预后提供新思路。     

磁疗法治疗血肿的应用与探讨

磁疗法已成为一种常用的物理治疗方法,较广泛地应用于对常见疾病的治疗,而且取得较好的治疗效果。     

阿托品压抑疗法和遮盖疗法治疗学龄儿童单眼弱视的临床效果

目的:探讨阿托品不同治疗方法对于学龄儿童单眼弱势的治疗效果。方法:回顾抽取我院眼科住院治疗的90例单眼弱视学龄儿童患者,根据疗法分成压抑组(压抑疗法)和遮盖组(短时遮盖疗法)各45例,对比分析两组患儿在视力、依从性、临床疗效和不良反应方面的差异性。结果:治疗后,压抑组患儿的视力、依从率(93.33%)、总有效率(91.11%)均显著高于遮盖组,且不良反应总发生率(15.00%)显著低于遮盖组(26.67%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿托品压抑疗法治疗学龄儿童单眼弱视具有疗效显著、依从性好、视力矫正效果明显、安全性好等优点,值得临床推荐。     

运用虚拟现实暴露疗法治疗飞行恐惧症的研究述评

虚拟现实暴露疗法是治疗飞行恐惧症的新方法。与传统的暴露疗法相比,虚拟现实暴露疗法集合了实体暴露疗法和想象暴露疗法的优点。避免了二者的不足,具有灵活、高效、安全、可重复和易于操控的特点。研究者们利用数据头盔、双通道立体声耳机、追踪设备、感应器等设备给飞行恐惧症患者呈现实时的计算机动画、双通道立体声和触觉刺激,使之沉浸在虚拟的飞行情景中,从而激发出患者的恐惧情绪。在虚拟现实暴露治疗的过程中,治疗师根据患者的情况使之逐步暴露在不同等级的刺激性情景中,经反复练习逐渐耐受并适应这些情景,最终克服不合理的恐惧。近10年的大量研究表明:虚拟现实暴露疗法能有效地治愈飞行恐惧症,在临床上具有良好的应用前景。今后的研究将进一步比较虚拟现实暴露疗法与其他治疗方法的疗效,并开发出成本更低、临场感更好的虚拟现实设备以扩展虚拟现实暴露疗法在飞行恐惧症治疗中的应用。     

光动力疗法治疗感染性疾病的动物模型

光动力疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)是利用特定波长的激发光照射生物靶标上的光敏剂,从而产生活性氧并有效杀伤多种耐药病原体的新型治疗方式,具有作用广、安全可控、不易耐受等优点。大量体外实验已证实了PDT疗效,但目前动物实验数据较少,且治疗参数不一,一定程度上影响了PDT在临床治疗中的广泛应用。本文综述近年来PDT用于体内抗感染治疗的动物模型构建、治疗方案设计等方面的研究进展,为未来PDT抗感染研究及临床应用提供参考。     

中医心理疗法辅助中药治疗斑秃的研究

斑秃患者由于沉重的心理压力和负担,对于本病的恢复具有重要负面影响,与躯体症状形成交互的恶性循环,因此,加强患者的心理调适对于本病的治疗具有重要意义。中医在心理治疗方面有着丰富的经验,中医临床采用的心理治疗方法可概括为：转移注意、劝说开导、暗示开疑、顺情从欲等方法。笔者几年来采用中医心理疗法辅助中药治疗斑秃取得了较好的疗效,在这里与各位同仁共同探讨。     

微生态疗法治疗阴道炎的初步实验研究

本研究进行了由健康女性阴道分离的一株乳杆菌对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、福氏志贺氏菌、淋病球菌、白色念球菌等６种病原菌的试管内生物拮抗、杀菌时间、滴度等测定,显示出乳杆菌对病原菌的生长有明显的拮抗作用,ｐ＜０．０５,＜０．０１,对病原菌杀灭作用强,３小时即可杀死病原菌,稀释１０００倍仍有杀菌作用。经动物试验,使用安全无不良反应,而且可以保护粘膜上皮细胞,不受淋球菌及白色念球菌的侵袭。用于临床治疗阴道炎患者３６例,显效快,效果明显。     

光动力学疗法治疗肝胆肿瘤的研究现状

介绍了光动力学疗法治疗肝胆肿瘤的实验室和临床研究现状,提出了光动力学疗法在治疗肝胆肿瘤面临的问题,并建议在腹腔镜手术中引入光动力学疗法,认为随着新型光敏剂及光源的开发应用,PDT将会成为治疗肝胆肿瘤的切实可行方法。     

磁疗法对外科疾病治疗的应用进展

引言磁疗法是在发掘祖国医学遗产与磁石治病的基础上发展起来的一种物理治疗方法。由于磁疗在不少情况下,是磁场通过作用经络穴位发生治疗效果,所以具有祖国医学的特点,而磁场是一种现代物理治疗因素,所以又是中西医结合的治疗方法。磁疗法随着应用稀土永磁材料,在治疗范围及治疗效果上不断取得进展,应用磁场治疗疾病的范围不断拓宽,磁疗法的应用已遍及临床各科,治疗的疾病种类多,对不少疾病有良好或有一定治疗效果。现将我国磁疗法在外科疾病的应用概论,综述如下。磁疗对外科疾病的治疗进展软组织扭挫伤：是磁疗法应用最广、疗效…     

Psychotherapy of adolescents

Adolescence is a period marked by turmoil due to inner and outer pressures. Adolescent behavior is a way of coping with the many internal, biological changes and faulty control mechanisms. Adolescents have to live up to many social demands, which mostly demand that they grow up, And yet they have considerable doubts about their abilities. In this turmoil of inner and outer pressures, young people, finding it difficult to trust anybody, reject from adults the help they are seeking. The task of therapy is to facilitate the healthy maturation of the adolescent, to help him develop a concept of an independent self with increasing mastery of the integrating part of the personality, which modifies, selects, controls and coordinates inner drives and modifies those in conflict with external reality.     

Results of Psychotherapy

A controlled double blind study was made of 299 non-psychotic female psychiatric clinic patients divided into six groups, with members of each group dealt with in a different manner from those in other groups. Those in one group had one or two hour-long psychotherapy sessions a week. Four groups were limited to brief visits but were given one of three kinds of drugs or a placebo. One group was merely put on a waiting list and received no therapy. As determined by a variety of independent measures, there was a fairly uniform average improvement of all groups except the one that received no treatment. Follow-up 10 to 18 months after termination of treatment revealed that the average patient had maintained her improvement and that those who had received no treatment showed considerable improvement after they were removed from the waiting list.The findings suggested that the widespread preference for the traditional outpatient psychotherapy is based as much on the physician''s bias as on proven greater effectiveness over briefer treatment methods. There was some confirmation that many things other than the development of understanding enter into much of the so-called psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy and may have profound effect on the outcome.