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It is a well-known fact that males predominate among the mentally retarded. Various explanations for this have been offered—among others, more exposure of the male fetus to external pathogenic influences in the antenatal period, a lower threshold of appearance of mutant polygenes responsible for mental retardation in males, or a high frequency of X-linked mental retardation [1]. The first two hypotheses have not been confirmed. Although a lower threshold of appearance of mental retardation in males has been demonstrated [2], this cannot explain such a major quantitative divergence between males and females as exists in mental retardation. It has not been easy to confirm the third hypothesis since the forms of X-linked hereditary pathology frequently appear sporadically, i.e., in only one boy in a family.  相似文献   

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Discussion of whether external factors or internal genetic factors determine progress in a person's mental development runs like a red herring throughout the history of psychology.  相似文献   

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The potential for communication among people who are physically separated defines the concept of computer-mediated communication, or CMC (Kiesler, Siegel, &; McGuire, 1984). In light of its general repercussions, CMC impacts not only on the way we think about possibilities for interaction but also on the forms we compose and use in written language (as presented by Murray, 1991) and on the manner in which we interact through it (as shown by Wilkins, 1991).  相似文献   

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Disturbances in metabolism and in internal organ function participate, along with other factors, in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. A definite relationship has also been found between epilepsy and pancreatic function. It was established that hyperglycemia is never associated with convulsive attacks. In the majority of epileptics one observes a diminution in blood sugar, particularly before an attack. Spontaneous hypoglycemias are often expressions of functional or organic hyperinsulinism.  相似文献   

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A municipal consultation center for psychological and pedagogical assistance to parents and educators has been functioning publicly in the city of Komsomol'sk-na-Amur since 1977 (a social laboratory for the study and elimination of the causes of aberrant behavior in children, adolescents, and youth).  相似文献   

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