Improving efficacy of Box gravid traps for collecting Culex quinquefasciatus.

In outdoor screen cages, one and two-choice assays were conducted with gravid Cx. quinquefasciatus to assess and improve the efficacy of the Box gravid trap. Subsequently, in a field trial, a modified Box gravid trap was compared with three other gravid traps: the CDC gravid trap, the CFG gravid trap, and a novel design of a sticky gravid trap. A major disadvantage of the Box gravid trap, a relatively low trapping efficacy, was overcome with a simple modification to the trap configuration. By replacing the solid lid of the collecting tray with mosquito netting, the air velocity through the trap inlet was doubled and the quality of the resting sites for caught females was improved. As a result, the modified Box gravid trap caught and retained twice as many Cx. quinquefasciatus as its predecessor in two-choice bioassays in the screened cages and proved as effective as the commercially available CDC gravid trap in the field, but without damaging the collected specimens. Captures with the Box and CDC gravid traps were significantly greater than those of either the Counter Flow Geometry gravid trap or a sticky gravid trap.     

Factors affecting male Prays oleae (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) captures in pheromone-baited traps in olive orchards

Effects of trap design, height and side of trap placement on olive trees, pheromone doses in dispensers, aging of dispensers in the field, and secondary pheromone components were evaluated for the development of an effective pheromone monitoring system for Prays oleae (Bernard) Lesne (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) in olive orchards. Field trials showed that trap design, pheromone dose, and trapping side affected male captures, whereas dispenser age, trap height, and secondary components had no influence. Pherocon 1C and Delta traps baited with 1 mg of (Z)-7-tetradecenal captured more male moths than Pherocon II or Funnel traps. Placement of traps at different cardinal directions significantly affected captures, but this trend was not consistent and varied with flight period and trap position internal or external to the tree canopy. Moth phenology as determined by pheromone traps from early April to mid-October was consistent with published field data. Results indicate that Pherocon 1C or Delta traps baited with 1 mg of (Z)-7-tetradecenal provide an effective tool for monitoring the flight activity of P. oleae and the time of application of control measures.     

New box trap for large predaceous diving beetles Cybister Curtis, 1827 and Dytiscus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

A box trap was developed for effective collection of large predaceous diving beetles. The floating trap, which was fabricated from a plastic box with two funnel mouths equipped with mesh lids, can be opened only when beetles enter the trap. Considerable attention was paid to the trap's performance as it was quantitatively evaluated in laboratory conditions in detail using Cybister and Dytiscus diving beetles. Without the mesh lid on the trap mouth (negative control test), the number of beetles in the trap was the highest at 2–3 hours. However, most beetles escaped from the trap without a mesh lid within six hours of starting the experiment. When eight beetles were put into a trap without a mesh lid, all of them had escaped from it after eight hours. On the contrary, beetles did not escape from a trap with a mesh lid. This result and testing in the field suggest that trap lids have a significant role in averting the escape of beetles from the trap.     

Potentials of Using the Pheromone Trap for Monitoring and Controlling the Bagworm,Metisa plana Wlk (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) on Young Oil Palm in a Smallholder Plantation

This study was carried out to investigate the potentials of using the pheromone trap for monitoring and controlling the bagworm, Metisa plana Wlk (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) on young oil palm in a smallholder plantation in southern Perak, Malaysia. Three types (Delta, Open-Delta, and Vane) of traps were evaluated with receptive virgin females as the pheromone sources. The Vane trap appeared to be most effective. Increase in pheromone sources resulted in more trap catches. The sticky Vane traps with receptive females showed potentials for mass trapping the bagworm, which resulted in reduced field population of bagworms.     

Development of Odour-Baited Flytraps for Sampling the African Latrine Fly,Chrysomya putoria,a Putative Vector of Enteric Diseases

African pit latrines produce prodigious numbers of the latrine fly, Chrysomya putoria, a putative vector of diarrhoeal pathogens. We set out to develop a simple, low-cost odour-baited trap for collecting C. putoria in the field. A series of field experiments was carried out in The Gambia to assess the catching-efficiency of different trap designs. The basic trap was a transparent 3L polypropylene box baited with 50 g of fish, with a white opaque lid with circular entrance holes. We tested variations of the number, diameter, position and shape of the entrance holes, the height of the trap above ground, degree of transparency of the box, its shape, volume, colour, and the attractiveness of gridded surfaces on or under the trap. Traps were rotated between positions on different sampling occasions using a Latin Square design. The optimal trapping features were incorporated into a final trap that was tested against commercially available traps. Features of the trap that increased the number of flies caught included: larger entrance holes (compared with smaller ones, p<0.001), using conical collars inside the holes (compared with without collars, p = 0.01), entrance holes on the top of the trap (compared with the side or bottom, p<0.001), traps placed on the ground (compared with above ground, p<0.001), the box having transparent sides (compared with being opaque, p<0.001), and with no wire grids nearby (compared with those with grids, p = 0.03). This trap collected similar numbers of C. putoria to other common traps for blow flies. The optimum trap design was a transparent box, with a white plastic lid on top, perforated with 10 conical entrance holes, placed on the ground. Our simple trap provides a cheap, low-maintenance and effective method of sampling C. putoria in the field.     

Monitoring populations of the carrot fly, Psila rosae, with sticky and water traps

The relative, effectiveness of Rebell®, small cylinder, large cylinder, windmill and water traps, the five types of trap used currently for monitoring populations of the carrot fly, Psila rosae, was assessed in nine field experiments, three in south west Lancashire, four in the Fens (Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire), one in East Suffolk and one at Wellesbourne, Warwickshire. Regression analysis of the numbers of flies caught on each type of trap against the numbers caught on the Rebell® trap indicated that each trap samples a constant proportion of the fly population relative to the other traps. Therefore, provided the fly population was sufficiently large for insects to be caught on the least effective traps, any of the five traps would monitor adequately fluctuations in carrot fly populations. However, the Rebell® trap caught 4–17 times as many flies/trap and 5–7 times as many flieshnit area of trap as any of the other traps tested.
Operators considered the Rebell® trap to be the easiest to use. However, it was more expensive than any of the other traps tested.     

Visually and olfactorily enhanced attractive devices for thrips management

‘Lure-and-infect’ is an insect pest management strategy with high potential but so far there are few examples of its application. Using traps as surrogates for auto-dissemination devices, we tested the attractiveness to naturally occurring thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) of three trap types differing in colour and structure, with and without the thrips lure methyl isonicotinate (MI), and sticky plate traps as a control. The aim was to find more effective traps that could be further developed into devices for auto-dissemination and lure-and-infect of thrips. The number of thrips captured varied substantially with trap type and the presence of the MI lure. We found a high visual response to a sticky ‘white ruffle’ trap (i.e., a 30-cm-long cylindrical outline of folded fabric), compared to a commonly used blue sticky plate trap (Bug-scan) as the control. This effect was seen both in a greenhouse with roses (Rosa spp.), where we encountered western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and in a grass field, where we encountered onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, and New Zealand flower thrips, Thrips obscuratus (Crawford). In the absence of MI, the white ruffle trap caught 7–22× more thrips than the control Bug-scan trap. A similarly designed blue ruffle trap and a modified Lynfield trap caught lower thrips numbers than the white ruffle and the control Bug-scan traps. Presence of MI substantially increased the captures of T. tabaci in all three trap types in the field (2.5–18×). In the greenhouse, without MI the white ruffle trap caught 3.5–14× more thrips than the Bug-scan, blue ruffle, or modified Lynfield traps. Presence of MI increased the captures of F. occidentalis males and females in the Lynfield and blue ruffle traps (1.4–2.8×), but not in the white ruffle trap in the greenhouse (ca. 1.1×). The importance of visual and olfactory factors for the design of effective auto-dissemination and lure-and-infect strategies for thrips management is discussed.     

Comparison of trap designs for use with aggregation pheromone and synthetic co-attractant in a user-friendly attract and kill system to control Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)

Abstract  Three field experiments were conducted in stone fruit orchards in the Goulburn Valley, northern Victoria, Australia to identify a user-friendly trap for use in attract and kill stations for control of Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). A funnel trap design was compared with two types of delta trap in one experiment and two types of Lucitrap in another experiment. All traps were baited with synthetic co-attractant and synthetic pheromone. The funnel trap was the most effective type of trap tested. The funnel traps caught significantly more beetles than either the delta traps with bio-attractant or delta traps wrapped with insecticide impregnated banana wrap. No difference was observed between catches in either delta trap design. Lucitraps without covers caught significantly more beetles than Lucitraps with covers but funnel traps caught significantly more beetles than either type of Lucitrap. Beetle numbers caught in the funnel traps were three to five times higher than in Lucitrap. The use of funnel traps in attract and kill stations to protect stone fruit crops by suppressing the Carpophilus spp. population gave superior control to 'grower normal practice of spraying insecticides' both in terms of Carpophilus spp. numbers and in terms of reduction in percentage of fruit damaged.     

Efficacy of two synthetic food-odor lures for Mexican fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) is determined by trap type

Sterile mass-reared Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), were trapped in a citrus orchard by using multilure traps and cylindrical sticky traps baited with Advanced Pheromone Technologies Anastrepha fruit fly (AFF) lures or Suterra BioLure two-component (ammonium acetate and putrescine) MFF lures (BioLures). The cylinder trap/AFF lure combination was the best trap over the first 6 wk, the multilure trap/BioLure combination was best during weeks 6-12, and the multilure trap/AFF lure combination was best during the last 6 wk. The multilure trap/BioLure combination was best overall by 36% over the cylinder trap/AFF lure combination, and 57% over the multilure trap/AFF lure combination. Cylinder traps with BioLures were the least effective trap/lure combination throughout the experiment, capturing only half as many flies as cylinder traps with AFF lures. Captures with cylinder traps baited with either lure and multilure traps with BioLures were female biased. For the most part, both lures remained highly attractive and emitted detectable amounts of attractive components under hot field conditions for the duration of the 18-wk experiment. Total emission of ammonia was 4 times greater and 1-pyrroline at least 10 times greater from AFF lures compared with BioLures. Correlations of trap and lure performance with ammonia emission and weather were determined, but no conclusions were possible. Results indicate that BioLures would be the lure of choice in multilure or other McPhail-type traps and AFF lures would be superior with most sticky traps or kill stations that attract flies to outer (not enclosed) surfaces.     

A sex pheromone‐baited trapping system for management of sweetpotato weevil,Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae)

A potent male attractant of sweetpotato weevil helps in monitoring and control of sweetpotato weevil in many production areas around the world. At present, it has not been used in Malaysia. Cost of the components of a trapping system is a major constraint in the adoption of male lure‐baited trapping by growers in Malaysia. Seven field trapping experiments were conducted from February 2013 to November 2015 as part of an effort to develop a simple, easy to construct, cost‐effective and efficient sex pheromone‐baited trap acceptable for use by farmers in Malaysia for monitoring and control of sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius Fabricius). Overall, sweetpotato weevil trap catch was significantly affected by the number of windows in the trap, the killing agent used in the trap and the position of the trap relative to sweetpotato foliage, while trap size and trap colour did not significantly affect trap catch. Trap catch was best in plastic pole traps made from polyethylene terephthalate, with four window opening to facilitate weevil entry, with detergent solution as a killing agent and with the trap positioned from 0 to 40 cm above the crop canopy level. In a comparison study with commercial trap designs, sex pheromone‐baited plastic pole traps caught 60%–78% more weevils than were caught in sex pheromone‐baited delta traps, wing traps or unitraps. Optimization of trap characteristics is important for improving the performance of pheromone‐baited traps for use in population monitoring or mass‐trapping efforts to minimize crop damage by sweetpotato weevil infestation.     

Diversity and structure of AMF communities as affected by tillage in a temperate soil

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were studied in differently tilled soils from a long-term field experiment in Switzerland. Diversity and structure of AMF communities were surveyed either directly on spores isolated from the field soil or on spores isolated from trap cultures, planted with different host plants. Single-spore cultures were established from the AMF spores obtained from trap cultures. Identification of the AMF was made by observation of spore morphology and confirmed by sequencing of ITS rDNA. At least 17 recognised AMF species were identified in samples from field and/or trap cultures, belonging to five genera of AMF--Glomus, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, Acaulospora, and Entrophospora. Tillage had a significant influence on the sporulation of some species and non- Glomus AMF tended to be more abundant in the no-tilled soil. The community structure of AMF in the field soil was significantly affected by tillage treatment. However, no significant differences in AMF diversity were detected among different soil tillage treatments. AMF community composition in trap cultures was affected much more by the species of the trap plant than by the original tillage treatment of the field soil. The use of trap cultures for fungal diversity estimation in comparison with direct observation of field samples is discussed.     

Optimization of traps for live trapping of Pine Wood Nematode vector Monochamus galloprovincialis

The pine sawyer beetle Monochamus galloprovincialis, a secondary pest of pines in Europe and North Africa, has become important as it was identified as the vector in Europe of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD). An effective trapping system is needed, not only for monitoring the insect vector but also for direct control of its population. Trapping may also provide key information on the nematode load carried by the beetles, allowing early detection of infections, provided that captured beetles remain alive within the trap. Highly effective attractants have been developed in recent years that are commonly used in combination with diverse standard trap designs. In this study, several trap designs were developed and compared to commercial standard models in order to determine which designs maximized the number of attracted insects actually caught and the proportion of them remaining alive. In total, 12 trap designs were evaluated in five field experiments carried out in France, Spain and Portugal. Teflon coating applied to the whole trap and extended, ventilated collecting cups resulted in a significant improvement of trap performance. These modifications led to significant increases of pine sawyer catches, up to 275%, when applied to multiple‐funnel or black cross‐vane traps, compared to standard designs. Furthermore, a significant proportion of the captured beetles remained alive within the trap. These findings have been used to develop new commercial traps (Econex Multifunnel‐12^® and Crosstrap^®; Econex, Murcia, Spain) available to forest managers. A model for insect survival within the trap was also fitted. Elapsed time between consecutive samplings, mean relative humidity and maximum radiation were the three most significant variables. Thus, traps should provide a suitable sample of live insects if sun exposure of the trap is minimized and a reasonable sampling schedule is implemented.     

Laboratory and field testing of bednet traps for mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) sampling in West Java,Indonesia

Surveillance of medically important mosquitoes is critical to determine the risk of mosquito‐borne disease transmission. The purpose of this research was to test self‐supporting, exposure‐free bednet traps to survey mosquitoes. In the laboratory we tested human‐baited and unbaited CDC light trap/cot bednet (CDCBN) combinations against three types of traps: the Mbita Trap (MIBITA), a Tent Trap (TENT), and a modified Townes style Malaise trap (TSM). In the laboratory, 16 runs comparing MBITA, TSM, and TENT to the CDCBN were conducted for a total of 48 runs of the experiment using 13,600 mosquitoes. The TENT trap collected significantly more mosquitoes than the CDCBN. The CDCBN collected significantly more than the MBITA and there was no difference between the TSM and the CDCBN. Two field trials were conducted in Cibuntu, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. The first test compared human‐baited and unbaited CDCBN, TENT, and TSM traps during six nights over two consecutive weeks per month from January, 2007 to September, 2007 for a total of 54 trapnights. A total of 8,474 mosquitoes representing 33 species were collected using the six trapping methods. The TENT‐baited trap collected significantly more mosquitoes than both the CDCBN and the TSM. The second field trial was a comparison of the baited and unbaited TENT and CDCBN traps and Human Landing Collections (HLCs). The trial was carried out from January, 2008 to May, 2008 for a total of 30 trap nights. A total of 11,923 mosquitoes were collected representing 24 species. Human Landing Collections captured significantly more mosquitoes than either the TENT or the CDCBN. The baited and unbaited TENT collected significantly more mosquitoes than the CDCBN. The TENT trap was found to be an effective, light‐weight substitute for the CDC light‐trap, bednet combination in the field and should be considered for use in surveys of mosquito‐borne diseases such as malaria, arboviruses, and filariasis.     

Measuring trap efficiency for bark beetles (Col., Scolytidae)

Abstract:  The relative efficiency of cylindrical, linear and cross-barrier traps for trapping bark beetles was investigated based on a theoretical model. Using this model, the effective trap interception area of each trap type was calculated and trap efficiency was defined as the ratio of the effective interception area to the trap surface area. The relative efficiencies of the three trap types were calculated as the ratios of their respective effective interception areas. Based on this approach, assuming random directional movement of dispersing beetles, the order of efficiency of the three trap types, from highest to lowest, was linear, cross-barrier and cylindrical. The expected ratios of trap catches based on the relative efficiencies of the three trap types were fitted to data from trapping experiments with the mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins). In general, there was large variation in trap catches among traps of the same type but the ratios of mean catches per trap conformed to the expected ratios. The results indicate that the model of trap efficiency could be used for designing efficient traps. The methods presented are amenable for assessing the efficiency of other trap designs.     

Design and effectiveness of a novel trap for capturing nesting songbirds

ABSTRACT Capturing songbirds at their nests can be challenging and time consuming. Although traps designed for capturing songbirds at their nests have been described in the literature, few are effective for capturing species with open‐cup nests. We describe a cylindrical trap designed to capture songbirds at nests up to 2 m above ground in grasses, forbs, shrubs, and small saplings. The nest trap is constructed using a rigid hoop, two pieces of mist net, three stakes, and twist ties. We used this trap to capture female Dickcissels (Spiza americana) and female Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea) at their nests, with success rates of 85% (N= 196) and 60–73% (N= 16), respectively. Trapping success was comparable to that using other passerine nest trap designs. Nest abandonment after trapping attempts was rare and similar to that reported in previous studies. Our nest trap is lightweight, easy to make, versatile enough to use in a variety of grassland and shrub habitats, and easily carried and deployed in the field.     

Trap cropping to manage green vegetable bug Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in sweet corn in New Zealand

Abstract

• 1 The use of trap crops to reduce green vegetable bug (GVB) Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) damage to process sweet corn Zea mays (L.) was investigated in three field experiments.
• 2 In the first season, small plots (2.7 m by 10 m) of white mustard Sinapis alba (L.) with pea Pisum sativum (L.) were sown along a crop border and compared with sweet corn alone.
• 3 In the second season, black mustard Brassica nigra (L.) was sown at two sowing dates (14 days apart) and compared with a sweet corn control, to examine how the maturity of the trap crop affected numbers of GVB trapped.
• 4 A field scale experiment was also conducted to determine the effectiveness of black mustard as a trap crop to protect larger areas of sweet corn from GVB.
• 5 In all three experiments, GVB populations were much higher on the trap crops compared with the sweet corn.
• 6 In both small plot experiments, GVB were contained largely within the trap crop for 2 weeks until the sweet corn was harvested.
• 7 The field scale experiment demonstrated the efficacy of the trap cropping technique to protect larger areas of crop from GVB.
• 8 Percentages of damaged sweet corn cobs in the outside row of fields protected by a trap crop were 0% and 1%, respectively, compared with 11% and 22% in control fields.
• 9 Trap cropping is recommended as an effective strategy to manage this insect. Options for cultivating or spraying the trap crops to reduce bug survival are discussed.

     

Monitoring of the European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in central Maine

Pheromone trap types and within-field trap locations were compared for their effectiveness in monitoring the flight activity of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), and its relationship to egg mass density and crop damage in sweet corn in central Maine from 1995 to 1996. The use of both 3:97 Z:E-11-tetradecenyl acetate and 97:3 Z:E-11 tetradecenyl acetate pheromone blends confirmed that European corn borer in central Maine is attracted to both pheromone lure types. European corn borer moths were captured predominantly with the E-lure type than with the Z-lure type in both years. The Scentry Heliothis trap was more effective than the Multi-Pher trap, but similar to the pheromone-baited water pan trap for monitoring European corn borer flights. With the Scentry Heliothis trap, the grassy border and 1st corn rows were the best locations for moth capture during the early flight period, but during the peak flight period, traps located in the middle of the field caught the most moths. Corn damage was recorded before moth captures in some sites and before egg mass counts in others, indicating poor efficacy of traps for early flights. Significant and positive correlations were found between moth captures in the midfield location and egg mass counts, and corn leaf damage, and between egg mass counts and corn leaf damage. However, low coefficients of variation suggest that pheromone trap captures were not good predictors of European corn borer leaf damage in sweet corn.     

Assessing the performance of pea and lentil at different seeding densities as trap crops for the management of wireworms in spring wheat

Wireworms, the larvae of click beetles (Elateridae), are difficult to manage due to their habitats and behaviour. Wireworms pose a major threat to the wheat crop in the north‐western USA. Seed treatment with neonicotinoids, biological control management and some cultural controls are recommended to manage these pests. Trap cropping is an emerging way to manage wireworms. In strawberry and potato crops, trap cropping has been found effective at attracting wireworms away from the principal crop. An earlier study in the Golden Triangle area of Montana found that pea and lentil could be effective trap crops for managing wireworms in spring wheat. In the present study, experiments were conducted at two locations. The effectiveness of peas and lentils as trap crops with wheat at different seeding densities was assessed [pea at 0, 4, 8, 16 seeds/sq.ft. or 0, 43, 86, 172 seeds/sq.m.; lentil at 0, 6, 12, 18 OR 0, 65, 130, 194 seeds/sq.m.; both with wheat at 0, 11, 22, or 28 seeds/sq.ft. or 0, 120, 230, 300 seeds/sq.m.] in a randomized design where all three crops were intercropped. Both trap crops were found to be effective in protecting wheat at standard seeding rates of 8 seeds/sq.ft. for pea and 12 seeds/sq.ft. for lentils. At these seeding rates, higher numbers of wireworms were found to be attracted to the trap crop, resulting in higher yield (7%–10%) of the associated spring wheat plant stands at 22 seeds/sq.ft. To develop an effective trap crop strategy, the pea–wheat and lentil–wheat spatial patterns that are possible need to be assessed in further field trials. Proper design and evaluation of the cost–benefit ratio of pea and lentil as trap crops are likely to produce good results for wheat crops in Montana.     

Development of pheromone traps for control and monitoring of sweetpotato weevils, Cylas puncticollis and C. brunneus, in Uganda

Experiments were carried out in Uganda to optimise pheromone traps for the African sweetpotato weevil species, Cylas puncticollis Bohe. and C. brunneus F. (Coleoptera: Apionidae). Various designs of funnel, water and sticky traps were compared and a 5-l plastic jerry can trap was the most appropriate design for effectiveness and practicability. A solution of Omo detergent in water was found to be the most effective trapping agent. Fewer weevils were caught in red traps than in yellow, white, green or blue traps. Catches of C. puncticollis increased when the trap was raised above crop height, but catches of C. brunneus were unaffected. When marked weevils were dropped onto the trap, 36% of C. puncticollis and 23% of C. brunneus were captured, and, of weevils placed in the trap, 88% and 92%, respectively, of the two species remained overnight. Lures for the two species showed no significant loss in attractiveness after 8 weeks in the field, and chemical analysis showed 19% of the C. puncticollis pheromone and 72% of the C. brunneus pheromone remaining after this time. Summarizing, the following trap is presently recommended for monitoring/controlling African Cylas species: a 5-l plastic jerry can trap of any colour with rectangular openings of 11×5 and 6×5 cm positioned 15 cm above the crop canopy, filled with 0.5 l Omo solution (1 g/1 l water), with 0.1 mg lures to be replaced every 8 weeks.     

Evaluation of Pea and Soybean as Trap Crops for Managing Heterodera glycines

Trap crops that stimulate nematode egg hatching but not reproduction have been reported as an effective means for managing certain nematodes. Studies were carried out at two field sites each year in 1998 and 1999 to evaluate the potential of trapping the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) with soybean and pea in the corn year to manage the nematode in Minnesota. The trap crops were planted on the same day as corn at each site and later killed with the herbicide glyphosate. Nematode egg densities were determined at planting, 1 and 2 months after planting, and at harvest. Treatments included four seeding rates (0, 124,000, 247,000, and 494,000 seeds/ha) of resistant soybean as a trap crop and four kill dates (3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks after planting). No effects of the trap-crop and kill-date treatments on H. glycines population density, corn yield, and the followingyear soybean yield were observed at the two locations. In a second study, the experiment included four trap-crop comparisons (resistant soybean at 494,000 seeds/ha, susceptible soybean at 494,000 seeds/ha, pea at 1,482,000 seeds/ha, and no trap crop) and five kill dates (3, 4, 5, 6 weeks after planting, and no-kill). At the Waseca site, egg density at harvest was lower where resistant soybean was grown for 6 weeks and where pea was grown for 5 and 6 weeks compared with where no trap crop was grown. Maintaining pea plants for more than 5 weeks, however, reduced corn yield by 20% at the Waseca site. At the Lamberton site, egg density at harvest was lower where the susceptible soybean was grown for 5 weeks compared with where no trap crop was grown. Even with significant reduction of eggs in some treatments, use of soybean and pea as trap crops in the corn year was not an effective means for managing H. glycines.