枯草芽孢杆菌ZH-8对黄瓜霜霉病防治效果的研究

枯草芽孢杆菌ZH-8分离于黄瓜根际,将该菌株发酵后,添加助剂制成液体菌剂。该液体菌剂在温室试验和田间试验中表现出较好的防治效果,对黄瓜霜霉病的防效分别达75．61％和69．12％。该菌剂可以有效抑制黄瓜霜霉病菌孢子囊的萌发,并且能够在黄瓜叶片上形成一层保护膜,阻止病原菌孢子的侵入。同时对其抗利福平标记菌株进行了在黄瓜叶片上定殖的研究,研究表明,该生防菌株在黄瓜叶片上具有较强的定殖能力,定殖时间达21d。     

辣椒内生细菌BS-1和BS-2在植物体内的定殖及鉴定

以抗利福平为标记,用浸种、涂叶和灌根方法接种,测定菌株在植物体内的定殖。结果表明,来自辣椒体内的BS_2和BS_1菌株不仅可在辣椒体内定殖,也可在番茄、茄子、黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜、丝瓜、小白菜等植物体内定殖,BS_2菌株还可在水稻、小麦及豇豆等植物体内定殖,BS_2菌株的内生定殖宿主范围比BS_1菌株的广;另外BS_2菌株可在辣椒和白菜体内较长期定殖。用常规方法、Biolog及16S rRNA序列比较,两菌株鉴定为枯草芽杆菌内生亚种（Bacillus subtilis subsp. endophyticus）。     

内生枯草芽孢杆菌JL4在葡萄叶上的定殖及其对葡萄霜霉病的防治

为了明确枯草芽孢杆菌JL4在葡萄叶表面和内部的定殖情况,研究定殖与防治效果的关系,采用电击转化的方法将含有GFP基因的质粒pGFP78导入枯草芽孢杆菌JL4中,并得到成功表达GFP 的生防菌JL4-gfp,测试了标记菌株的稳定性及其对葡萄霜霉病菌的抑制作用.采用叶片喷雾法接种,用抗生素平板稀释分离回收,检测生防菌JL4-gfp在葡萄叶片的定殖情况,并将采回的叶片在室内接种葡萄霜霉菌孢子囊悬浮液进行生防测定.结果表明: 标记菌株在经过10次传代培养后,仍具有良好的发光表型,能稳定表达GFP蛋白,并且标记菌株JL4-gfp对葡萄霜霉菌保持了原有的抑菌作用;用抗生素平板稀释分离回收,检测到JL4-gfp菌株在葡萄叶片表面的定殖量在接种后的0、3和7 d分别为3.6×10⁵、2.7×10⁵和3.1×10³ CFU·g^-1;叶片内部的定殖在接种3 d后达到最大(9.6×10⁴ CFU·g^-1),然后下降,14 d后已经检测不到接种菌株;室内生防测定结果显示,喷雾后3 d对葡萄霜霉病的防治效果达88.0%以上,但7 d后则无明显防效.JL4-gfp的定殖量与其防治葡萄霜霉病的效果呈正相关,其有效定殖量临界值为10⁵ CFU·g^-1.     

枯草芽孢杆菌水剂防治黄瓜枯萎病田间防效研究

通过35亿活芽孢/ml枯草芽孢杆菌水剂以浸种、灌根并用的方式防治黄瓜枯萎病,田间试验结果表明：枯草芽孢杆菌水剂10倍液、50倍液、100倍液对黄瓜枯萎病具有明显的防治效果,同时对黄瓜秧苗正常生长无任何不良影响。此外,枯草芽孢杆菌水剂还对黄瓜植株具有一定的促进生长作用。     

枯草芽孢杆菌bgIS基因在酵母染色体上整合

将枯草杆菌β－１,３－１,４－葡聚糖酶基因（ｂｇＩＳ）２．７ｋｂＥｃｏＲＩ片段和酵母染色体ｒＤＮＡ片段克隆到整合型不含酵母自主复制序列（Ａｕｔｏｎｏｍｕｓｌｙ ｒｅｐｌｉｃａｔｉｎｇ ｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅ）的大肠杆菌／酵母菌穿梭质粒ＹＩＰ５上,构建成ＹＩＰ５－ｂｇＩＳ－ｒＤＮＡ的杂种质粒ＰＣＺＨ,转化Ｓ．ｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ并得到表达。稳定性测定表明,Ｙ３３（ＰＣＺＨ１０１）和Ｙ３３（ＰＣＺＨ１０４）     

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌高温中性蛋白酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达、纯化及其酶学性质的研究

本文中嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(B. stearothermophilus)的高温中性蛋白酶基因在sacB基因启动子的调控下, 以蛋白酶自身或sacB基因的序列为信号肽, 分别实现了在枯草芽孢杆菌DB104中的高效表达. 表达产物经纯化后, 酶的比活力可达16530 U/mg, 纯化倍数达到3.8倍, 分子量约为35 kD. 对酶学性质的研究结果表明, 此酶的最适反应温度为65℃, 最适作用pH为7.5, 在65℃下反应1 h后, 仍可保留约80%的活力.     

地衣芽孢杆菌α—淀粉酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的诱导表达

采用PCR技术扩增了sacB基因的启动子-信号序列,并将扩增的序列重组进含地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因的质粒载体上构建了含α-淀粉酶基因的分泌型表达载体pSA60。将pSA60转化枯草芽孢杆菌QB1098后,α-淀粉酶基因在sacB基因启动子-信号序列的调控和蔗糖的诱导下获得表达,表达产物分泌至胞外。     

青霉素酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的高效表达

以获得大量胞外青霉素酶为目的,将青霉素酶基因克隆至表达载体pWB980中,并转化到双蛋白酶缺陷的Bacillus subtilis DB104。重组菌在LB培养基中培养24小时后, SDS-PAGE分析发现目的蛋白分子量为28kDa,酶活力为339U/mL;通过筛选7种不同的发酵培养基发现4#培养基更利于青霉素酶的表达,最大酶活力为1580U/mL,较优化前提高了3.66倍,并对该重组菌进行了7L罐放大实验,结果显示在培养24小时产酶达到高峰,酶活力为1255.8 U/mL。     

枯草芽孢杆菌活菌体外拮抗6种肠道致病菌的研究

对枯草芽孢杆菌BS 3株在体外对 6种常见肠道致病菌 (肠产毒性大肠杆菌、肠侵袭性大肠杆菌、肠致病性大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、福氏志贺菌和宋内志贺菌 )的拮抗作用进行了研究。结果表明 ,枯草芽孢杆菌BS 3株对宋内志贺菌、肠致病性大肠杆菌及肠产毒性大肠杆菌拮抗作用较为明显。     

1株枯草芽胞杆菌体外拮抗6种肠道致病菌的研究

目的研究枯草杆菌BS-3株对大肠埃希菌等6种肠道致病菌的拮抗作用。方法通过在体外BS-3菌株分别与大肠埃希菌等6种致病菌混合培养后,观察不同时间内各菌的菌量变化。结果BS-3菌株与6种肠道致病菌混合培养24、48、72和96h,其菌量逐渐增加;6种致病菌的菌量随着培养时间延续逐渐减少,其中产毒性大肠埃希菌、致病性大肠埃希菌和宋内志贺菌与对照组比较差异更明显。结论BS3菌株在培养生长过程中,可抑制大肠埃希菌等6种肠道致病菌的生长。     

枯草芽孢杆菌BS-26菌株纤溶酶的性质分析及活性组分的分离纯化

[目的]溶栓疗法是血栓性疾病安全且有效的治疗手段,从微生物中寻找溶栓药物是一种理想有效的途径,枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)BS-26菌株发酵液具有很强的体外纤溶活性,本文分析了发酵液中纤溶酶的性质并对活性组分进行了分离纯化.[方法]利用纤维蛋白平板法检测纤溶酶活性,利用硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换层析和聚丙烯酰胺制备电泳等方法,进行分离纯化.[结果]此菌株产生的纤溶酶在50℃以下和pH5.0～11.0范围内具有较好的稳定性,最适作用温度为42℃;最适pH值为9.0;Mg2 、Ca2 对此酶有明显的激活作用,而Cu2 能完全抑制酶的活性;174.2μg/mL的苯甲基磺酰氟、1000μg/mL的鸡卵类粘蛋白和1000μg/mL大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂能完全抑制酶活性,初步说明此酶属于丝氨酸蛋白酶类;体外溶纤作用表明,该酶溶解纤维蛋白的方式是直接溶解,而不是通过激活纤溶酶原.从该菌株的发酵液中获得了一种纤溶酶组分,比活力达8750 U/mg,回收率为3.2%,所获得样品纯度相对于发酵液提高了41倍,该酶在SDS-PAGE中是单肽链蛋白,分子量为32 kDa.[结论]获得了一种纤溶酶的单一组分,为纤溶酶发酵产品的大规模纯化及进一步研制和开发新的溶栓药物提供重要理论依据.     

Cloning in Bacillus subtilis of temperature-dependent promoter fragments from Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis

Abstract Using promoter-probe plasmids, more than 200 promoter-containing fragments from Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis were cloned in B. subtilis . Among these, 15 promoter fragments were highly temperature-dependent in activity compared to the promoter sequence (TTGAAA for the −35 region, TATAAT for the −10 region) of the amylase gene, amyT , from B. stearothermophilus . Some fragments exhibited higher promoter activities at elevated temperature (48°C), others showed higher activities at lower temperature (30°C). Active promoter fragments at higher and lower temperatures were obtained mainly from the thermophile ( B. stearothermophilus ) and the mesophile ( B. subtilis ), respectively. A promoter fragment active at high temperature was sequenced, and the feature of the putative promoter region was discussed.     

产纤溶酶枯草杆菌液体发酵工艺优化研究

采用单因子实验和正交实验对高产纤溶酶的枯草杆菌最佳发酵工艺进行了优化,结果表明,该菌株分泌的胞外酶具有较强的体外溶栓作用,产纤溶酶最佳的发酵条件为：3％可溶性淀粉,2％豆浆全汁(鲜豆),0．02％CaCl2,培养温度为37℃,初始pH8．3,装液量为250mL三角瓶50mL,发酵时间44h左右,Ca^2 、Mg^2 和Mn^2 对酶活力有促进作用,Cu^2 对酶活性有强烈抑制作用。     

枯草杆菌基因组中的回文结构

统计了枯草杆菌全序列中中间间隔S从0到29、侧翼序列长度L从4开始的所有回文结构,以及这些回文结构在编码区和非编码区的分布。通过分析不同S、L的回文结构的频数以及AT含量,发现枯草杆菌基因组中长的回文结构是过表达的、AT含量高并且对非编码区有偏好。     

Microarray Studies in Bacillus subtilis

This review focuses on the construction of a global, comprehensive understanding of Bacillus subtilis through microarray studies. The microarray studies in B. subtilis were analysed based on the theme of the work, by mentioning the growth media, bioreactor operation conditions, RNA isolation method, number of data points analysed in exponential or stationary phases, compared genotypes, induction and repression ratios, investigated gene(s) and their positive and/or negative influences. Based on the theme and scope of the studies, the articles were reviewed under seven thematic sections, i.e., effects of gene deletion(s) or overexpression, effects of overexression of heterologous genes, comparison of global gene expression between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, effects of temperature change, effects of transported molecules, effects of limitations and stress conditions, and other microarray studies in B. subtilis.     

Surfactin and iturin A effects on Bacillus subtilis surface hydrophobicity

The synthesis of extracellular molecules such as biosurfactants should have major consequences on bacterial adhesion. These molecules may be adsorbed on surfaces and modify their hydrophobicities. Certain strains of Bacillus subtilis synthesize the lipopeptides, which exhibit antibiotic and surface active properties. In this study the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the culture supernatants of the seven B. subtilis strains, showed that the lipopeptide profile varied greatly according to the strain. Among the three lipopeptide types, only iturin A was produced by all B. subtilis strains. Bacterial hydrophobicity, evaluated by the water contact angle measurements and the hydrophobic interaction chromatography, varied according to the strain. Two strains (ATCC 15476 and ATCC 15811) showing extreme behaviors in term of hydrophobicity were selected to study surfactin and iturin A effects on bacterial hydrophobicity. The two lipopeptides modified the B. subtilis surface hydrophobicity. Their effects varied according to the bacterial surface hydrophobic character, the lipopeptide type and the concentration. Lipopeptide adsorption increased the hydrophobicity of the hydrophilic strain but decreased that of the hydrophobic. Comparison of lipopeptide effects on B. subtilis surface hydrophobicity showed that surfactin was more effective than iturin A for the two strains tested.