人白细胞介素-6受体胞外区配基结合功能域活性部位的三维构效关系

以人生长激素受体(K52-L251)的晶体结构为模板, 同源模建人白细胞介素-6受体(hIL-6R) (V106-P322)的空间结构, 并预测与配基(IL-6)结合的活性部位. 根据hIL-6R配基结合功能域中重要氨基酸点突变对活性部位空间构象的影响, 验证预测部位的正确性. 理论分析表明, hIL-6R配基结合功能域中4个保守的半胱氨酸(Cys), 近膜侧193位Cys及"WSEWS"主型框架的点突变均导致受体与配基的结合受阻;而211位Cys, 277位Cys点突变却有利于受体与配基的结合. 研究结果提示, 预测的hIL-6R的活性部位确是hIL-6R和配基(IL-6)结合的分子基础, 可以作为进行小分子hIL-6R拮抗剂设计的靶部位.     

人IL—6及其受体拮抗剂的研究进展

人IL－6及其受体拮抗剂的研究主要集中于两个方面：单克隆抗体和突变体,针对人IL－6和人IL－6R的活性区域构建的单克隆抗体对于临床治疗多发性骨髓瘤显示出了很好的短期疗效,根据与生长激素（GH）及其受体复合物GH／（GHbp)2的结构对比,推测人IL－6和IL－6Ra的活性位点,结合定点突变技术,设计IL－6突变体,IL－6R突变体和IL－6突变体－IL－6Ra融合蛋白,它们对天然hIL-6的生物活性显示出了明显的拮抗作用。     

人白细胞介素-3基因在酿酒酵母中的分泌表达

利用PCR突变方法,改造了人白细胞介素-3(hIL-3)cDNA,在成熟蛋白编码顺序5＇端前突变入了XbaⅠ酶切位点和酵母类胰蛋白酶加工位点Lys-Arg的密码子。改造后的hIL-3cDNA插入大肠杆菌-酵母穿梭质粒pVT102u/α,使其准确融合于α-交配因子前导序列之后,并置于启动子ADH1调控之下。转化入酿酒酵母宿主菌S-78筛选后,30℃培养48h,上清能明显促进hIL-3依赖细胞TF-1生长。上清中分泌表达的hIL-3经ELISA鉴定并定量,其表达量大于1.0mg/L。~3H-TdR掺入法测定上清中hIL-3活性为1.8×10~3u/ml。     

人白细胞介素11的定点聚乙二醇修饰

利用人白细胞介素11（hIL-11）无半胱氨酸（Cys）残基这一特点,通过定点突变将一个Cys残基引入hIL-11的N末端。然后,利用与Cys 巯基特异性反应的mPEG-马来酰亚胺将mPEG偶联到预先选定的位点,经层析纯化得到hIL-11的定点PEG修饰物。利用依赖型细胞株7TD1测定其生物学活性,结果表明,其体外生物学活性保持原有hIL-11活性的30%左右。定点聚乙二醇修饰方法为定向改造hIL-11,提高其药效的应用研究打下基础。     

人白细胞介素-3基因在酿酒酵母中的分泌表达

利用PCR突变方法,改造了人白细胞介素-3(hIL-3)cDNA,在成熟蛋白编码顺序5＇端前突变入了XbaⅠ酶切位点和酵母类胰蛋白酶加工位点Lys-Arg的密码子。改造后的hIL-3cDNA插入大肠杆菌-酵母穿梭质粒pVT102u/α,使其准确融合于α-交配因子前导序列之后,并置于启动子ADH1调控之下。转化入酿酒酵母宿主菌S-78筛选后,30℃培养48h,上清能明显促进hIL-3依赖细胞TF-1生长。上清中分泌表达的hIL-3经ELISA鉴定并定量,其表达量大于1.0mg/L。³H-TdR掺入法测定上清中hIL-3活性为1.8×10³u/ml。     

人白细胞介素26的基因克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

克隆人白细胞介素-26(human interleukin-26,hIL-26)基因,构建高效稳定的大肠杆菌表达菌株。对GenBank上报道的hIL-26基因进行序列分析后设计合成引物,利用RT-PCR技术从人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)总RNA中反转录并扩增得到人成熟肽IL-26基因。将得到的基因克隆到pMD18-T载体中,菌落PCR筛选、酶切鉴定并进行DNA序列分析。用BamHI和EcoRⅠ将目的片段切下,插入表达载体pBV220相应的位点。42℃热诱导表达目的蛋白,SDS-PAGE分析显示表达蛋白约占菌体总蛋白的20%,Western印迹法证实重组蛋白为特异性蛋白,分子筛纯化后纯度达90%以上。表达的重组蛋白经谷胱甘肽复性缓冲液复性,用RT-PCR检测复性的重组蛋白能促进PBMC合成IFN-γ。     

白细胞介素6受体研究进展（综述）

白细胞介素6(IL-6)是一种具有广泛生物学功能的细胞因子,调节多种组织细胞的生长和分化,在免疫反应、急相反应和造血过程中起重要作用。IL-6对多种细胞的生物学效应是通过IL-6与细胞表面的IL-6受体结合并起动细胞内信号通路而介导的。本文从以下几个方面对近几年来有关IL-6受体研究的进展进行简要综述。     

不同镇痛方法对患者IL-6、IL-8、IL-10的影响

目的评价不同镇痛方法对盆腔手术患者血浆中细胞因子变化的影响,并与传统术后镇痛法进行比较,探讨术后充分镇痛对免疫功能的影响。方法根据镇痛方法不同,将60例行子宫切除患者随机分为3组：第1组患者为术后根据临床需要,临时给予哌替啶50mg肌肉注射（Ⅰ组,n=20）;第Ⅱ组患者为罗哌卡因复合芬太尼硬膜外镇痛组（Ⅱ组,n=20）;第Ⅲ组患者为芬太尼静脉镇痛组（Ⅲ组,n=20）;观察麻醉前30min、手术后30min、2h、24h、48h和72h六个时点患者血清中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）水平的变化。结果3组患者术后血清IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平与麻醉前值比较均升高（P〈0．01）,一般在术后24h达峰值。比较血清IL-6、IL-8、IL-10浓度变化,Ⅱ和Ⅲ组抑制这3种细胞因子释放的能力明显强于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05）,与Ⅲ组比较,Ⅱ组更为明显（P〈0．05）。结论硬膜外局麻药复合阿片受体激动药镇痛模式可更有效地降低术后炎性直激反应。     

pBV220/hIL-4优化表达及其包涵体复性研究

旨在对人白细胞介素-4(hIL-4)上、下游序列进行优化设计,提高在原核系统中的表达量,并对表达的包涵体进行复性研究提高复性率.利用BioSun的RNA二级结构预测模块辅助设计hIL-4起始密码子(AuG)上、下游的序列,使局部二级结构的自由能满足高表达要求;根据pBV220栽体和原核系统的特点优化引物序列提高hIL-4原核表达量.优化hIL-4包涵体复性条件和方法,提高复性率和生物活性.结果显示,成功构建了pBV220/hIL-4高效表达栽体,原核表达的重组人IL-4占细茵总蛋白的35%以上,明显高于优化前表达量;经过复性研究hIL-4包涵体复性率可达到15%以上,生物活性鉴定发现,纯化的hhIL-4蛋白的比活等同或高于国外同类产品.影响原核表达的条件较多,对表达序列的优化设计可以大大提高蛋白的表达量.针对人IL-4基因序列的优化设计提高了人IL-4基因的表达,复性方法的改良提高了复性率和生物活性.     

人IL-6和TNF突变体重组融合蛋白表达质粒的构建及在大肠杆菌中的表达

本文利用PCR技术,对人肿瘤坏死因子α(hTNFα)基因进行了改造,并将其与人白细胞介素-6(hIL-6)成熟肽编码区cDNA进行融合,构建了5′IL-6-TNF△融合蛋白的表达质粒pBVIL6-TNFA△。DNA序列分析证明,PCR扩增片段核苷酸序列与引物设计序列及相应的cDNA序列完全一致;重组子用限制性内切酶酶切鉴定,含有正确的IL6-TNF△融合cDNA片段;表达产物经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,分子量约为37kD,与预计的相符合;生物学活性分析初步表明,该融合蛋白具有抗肿瘤活性。     

Soluble glycoprotein 130 is inversely related to severity of coronary atherosclerosis

Purpose: Recent studies indicate that the effects of interleukin 6 (IL-6) realized via soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) facilitate the development of various pathological processes. Soluble gp130 (sgp130) is a naturally occurring inhibitor of signal transduction via this pathway. In this study, we assessed the relationship between circulating levels of IL-6, sIL-6R and sgp130 and severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: Plasma levels of IL-6, sIL-6R and sgp130 were measured in patients with atherosclerotic coronary lesions (n?=?128, group 1) and with intact coronary arteries (n?=?48, group 2). The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was evaluated by the number of affected arteries and by Gensini Score index.

Results: Circulating IL-6 levels in group 1 were significantly higher than those in group 2. The levels of sIL-6R did not differ considerably in both the groups. The levels of sgp130 in group 1 were significantly lower than in group 2. A negative correlation has been revealed between sgp130 levels and the number of affected coronary arteries and Gensini Score index.

Conclusions: Serum concentration of sgp130 in patients with stable CAD is inversely related to severity of coronary damage. Low sgp130 level may serve as an additional indicator of coronary atherosclerosis severity.     

白介素6的信号转导及其相关疾病的治疗策略

IL-6是一种多功能的细胞因子, 同时IL-6的过度表达与一些疾病的发生和发展有密切关系.IL-6通过一个双链受体系统作用于靶细胞.实验结果表明,IL-6与80 ku的配基结合链IL-6R和信号转导子gp130构成一个相互作用的异六聚体模式,通过gp130的二聚体化引发胞内的信号转导.IL-6胞内的信号转导途径有两种:Jak-STATs路径和Ras-MAPK级联反应路径.靶向IL-6信号转导的药物设计和筛选研究将为IL-6相关疾病的治疗奠定坚实的基础.     

Influence of surgery on in-vitro cytokine production by human monocytes

Surgery leads to significant modulation of the immune system, in which cytokines play a major role. Circulating interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-1 have been reported following surgery whereas tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is only found in gut ischemia-associated surgery. We have investigated the consequences of surgery on in-vitro cytokine production by human monocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Comparisons were made between the responsiveness of cells obtained the day before (D-1), during (D0) and after (D1, D2, D3) surgery. Patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery (N = 9), carotid surgery (N = 4) and spinal surgery (N = 4) have been studied. A significant decrease of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-1 alpha production by monocytes prepared from blood samples taken during the surgery was noticed, whereas IL-6 production was not significantly modified. On D2 a significant increase of monocyte responsiveness was observed and levels of cytokine productions rose back to initial values by the end of the follow up. The diminished in-vitro cytokine production observed during surgery might be the consequence of the effects of anaesthetic drugs, whereas the enhancement observed on D2 might reflect the surgical stress, leading to in-vivo priming of circulating monocytes.     

Early prolonged neutrophil activation in critically ill patients with sepsis

We hypothesised that plasma concentrations of biomarkers of neutrophil activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines differ according to the phase of rapidly evolving sepsis. In an observational study, we measured heparin-binding protein (HBP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-6 and IL-8 in 167 sepsis patients on intensive care unit admission. We prospectively used the emergence of the first sepsis-associated organ dysfunction (OD) as a surrogate for the sepsis phase. Fifty-five patients (of 167, 33%) developed the first OD > 1 h before, 74 (44%) within ± 1 h, and 38 (23%) > 1 h after intensive care unit admission. HBP and MPO were elevated at a median of 12 h before the first OD, remained high up to 24 h, and were not associated with sepsis phase. IL-6 and IL-8 rose and declined rapidly close to OD emergence. Elevation of neutrophil activation markers HBP and MPO was an early event in the evolution of sepsis, lasting beyond the subsidence of the pro-inflammatory cytokine reaction. Thus, as sepsis biomarkers, HBP and MPO were not as prone as IL-6 and IL-8 to the effect of sample timing.     

PEG化重组人白细胞介素-6制品游离PEG测定方法的研究

为了建立PEG化学修饰的重组人白细胞介素-6(PEG-rhIL-6)的部分质量控制方法,参照2005年版《中华人民共和国药典》三部附录III B高效液相色谱法,以RP-HPLC方法分离PEG-rhIL-6原液中的不同成分,用蒸发光散射监测器检测游离PEG,用外标法测定计算样品中残留PEG的含量。PEG修饰rhIL-6结构稳定;制品中的游离PEG含量符合要求。RP-HPLC法检测游离PEG结果可靠。     

A novel and rapid prediction assay for the effectiveness of IL-6 receptor specific antisense oligonucleotides by proliferation inhibition of an interleukin-6 dependent cell line

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) belongs to a family of cytokines that use receptors consisting of a common signal-transducing chain (gp130). Baf/3 cells transfected with the human IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and gp130 (Baf/3-gp130/IL-6R) can only grow in medium containing IL-6. We attempted to interrupt the signal transducing pathway of IL-6 with the help of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) designed against the IL-6R. We used 18 different kinds of antisense oligonucleotides of overlapping sequences around the translational start codon of the human IL-6R. Sense ASOs were used as a control. The proliferation of cells was analysed by H-thymidine incorporation. Cell surface expression of the IL-6R was assessed by FACS analysis. We identified three ASOs which strongly inhibited the proliferation of IL-6 dependent transfected Baf/3 cells. Flow cytometric studies on the suppression of surface expression of IL-6R by ASOs showed a similar pattern. These results should help to clarify the structural requirements of functionally effective ASOs in the inhibition of IL-6R.     

Shedding of Endogenous Interleukin-6 Receptor (IL-6R) Is Governed by A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) Proteases while a Full-length IL-6R Isoform Localizes to Circulating Microvesicles

Generation of the soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) is a prerequisite for pathogenic IL-6 trans-signaling, which constitutes a distinct signaling pathway of the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). Although in vitro experiments using ectopically overexpressed IL-6R and candidate proteases revealed major roles for the metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 in IL-6R shedding, the identity of the protease(s) cleaving IL-6R in more physiological settings, or even in vivo, remains unknown. By taking advantage of specific pharmacological inhibitors and primary cells from ADAM-deficient mice we established that endogenous IL-6R of both human and murine origin is shed by ADAM17 in an induced manner, whereas constitutive release of endogenous IL-6R is largely mediated by ADAM10. Although circulating IL-6R levels are altered in various diseases, the origin of blood-borne IL-6R is still poorly understood. It has been shown previously that ADAM17 hypomorphic mice exhibit unaltered levels of serum sIL-6R. Here, by quantification of serum sIL-6R in protease-deficient mice as well as human patients we also excluded ADAM10, ADAM8, neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 from contributing to circulating sIL-6R. Furthermore, we ruled out alternative splicing of the IL-6R mRNA as a potential source of circulating sIL-6R in the mouse. Instead, we found full-length IL-6R on circulating microvesicles, establishing microvesicle release as a novel mechanism for sIL-6R generation.     

Role of INTERLEUKIN-6 in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a currently incurable disease caused by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells. Although the pathogenesis of the disease still remains unclear, recent research in the biology of MM has produced new insights into the factors that control the growth and survival of myeloma cells. Among the growth factors, interleukin-6 (IL-6) has an essential role. Evidence suggests that IL-6 is not only a growth factor, but also a survival factor in MM, inhibiting apoptosis in myeloma cells. IL-6 interacts with several factors which are involved in the pathogenesis of MM, such as adhesion molecules, tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes. Considering the essential role of IL-6, it could serve as a target for new therapeutic interventions. Neutralizing the effect of IL-6 may result in a regression of tumour progression.     

Novel Insights into Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Cis- and Trans-signaling Pathways by Differentially Manipulating the Assembly of the IL-6 Signaling Complex

The IL-6 signaling complex is described as a hexamer, formed by the association of two IL-6·IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)·gp130 trimers, with gp130 being the signal transducer inducing cis- and trans-mediated signaling via a membrane-bound or soluble form of the IL-6R, respectively. 25F10 is an anti-mouse IL-6R mAb that binds to both membrane-bound IL-6R and soluble IL-6R with the unique property of specifically inhibiting trans-mediated signaling events. In this study, epitope mapping revealed that 25F10 interacts at site IIb of IL-6R but allows the binding of IL-6 to the IL-6R and the recruitment of gp130, forming a trimer complex. Binding of 25F10 to IL-6R prevented the formation of the hexameric complex obligate for trans-mediated signaling, suggesting that the cis- and trans-modes of IL-6 signaling adopt different mechanisms for receptor complex assembly. To study this phenomenon also in the human system, we developed NI-1201, a mAb that targets, in the human IL-6R sequence, the epitope recognized by 25F10 for mice. Interestingly, NI-1201, however, did not selectively inhibit human IL-6 trans-signaling, although both mAbs produced beneficial outcomes in conditions of exacerbated IL-6 as compared with a site I-directed mAb. These findings shed light on the complexity of IL-6 signaling. First, triggering cis- versus trans-mediated IL-6 signaling occurs via distinctive mechanisms for receptor complex assembly in mice. Second, the formation of the receptor complex leading to cis- and trans-signaling biology in mice and humans is different, and this should be taken into account when developing strategies to inhibit IL-6 clinically.     

高灵敏白介素6放射免疫分析的建立及初步应用

用人工重组的白介素6(IL-6)多次免疫兔和豚鼠,获取高效价的IL-6抗体.用氯氨T法制备 ¹²⁵I标记IL-6,经Sephadex G-25纯化,抗原抗体反应采用平衡一步法,4℃温育24 h后经PR试剂分离结合和游离的标记抗原.该法测定范围0.1～3.2 μg/L最低检出量为0.l μg/L,批内和批间误差分别小于6.4％和10％.健康男性115例血清IL-6含量为(0.27±0.13) μg／L.女性101例血清IL-6为(0.26±0.10) μg/L.男女无差异.此外,用该法检测兔失血性休克再灌注损伤后24 h血清IL-6水平明显升高.失血性休克大鼠淋巴液中IL-6水平明显上升,经山莨菪碱（l mg／kg）治疗休克后IL-6又明显下降.内毒素同人牙周纤维细胞共同培养不同时间也促进IL-6释放并明显高于对照水平.