中国寡鬃实蝇属记述：双翅目：实蝇科

中国寡鬃实蝇属 Dacus Fabrcius目前已知6亚属31种。本文记述其中的5个新种:锈红寡鬃实蝇D.(Bactrocera)rubiginus sp.nov.,海南寡鬃实蝇D.(Didacus)hainanus sp.nov.滇寡鬃实蝇D.(Asiadacus)dianensis sp.nov.,盾条寡鬃实蝇D.(Zeugodacus)adustus sp.nov.,狭腹寡鬃实蝇D.(Zeugodacus)stenomus sp.nov.;记载5个中国新纪录:实胫寡鬃实蝇D.(Bactrocera)correctus(Bezzi),短条寡鬃实蝇D.(Zeugodacus)abbreviatus Hardy,印度寡鬃实蝇D.(Zeugodacus) scutellaris(Bezzi),番石榴寡鬃实蝇D.(Hemigymnodacus)diversus Coq.,黑背寡鬃实蝇D.(Paratridacus)expandens melanius Hardy & Adachi;并列出种检索表。     

广西毛蕨属（金星蕨科）植物新资料

报道了广西毛蕨属Cyclosorus植物6个新记录种:三都毛蕨C.sanduensis,学煜毛蕨C.houi,缩羽毛蕨C.abbreviatus,毛囊毛蕨C.hirtisorus,巨型毛蕨C.subelatus,秦氏毛蕨C.chingii,并提供了广西产该属植物的分种检索表。     

东海深海鲨类两新种

1981年间,我所调查船“东方”号在东中国海655—78O米处,先后采获若干鲨类标本。经鉴定研究,其中有2新种,分别定名为短体光尾鲨Apristurus abbreviatus(隶属于猫鲨科)和粗体刺鲨Centrophorus robustus(隶属于角鲨科)。所有模式标本均存于东海水产研究所(上海)。     

荔枝、龙眼梢果蛀虫及主要种类记述

本文记述福建省荔枝、龙眼梢果蛀虫种类,比较记述了两种细蛾、龙眼亥麦蛾的形态和生物学。     

拟点洛瘤蛾幼虫和蛹的形态及取食为害

首次记述了拟点洛瘤蛾Meganola suffusata (WilemanWest,1929)幼虫和蛹的形态特征,拍摄了幼虫和蛹的形态与生活特征图,并初步记述了幼虫在寄主植物板栗树上的取食为害。     

恐鱼类的新材料

本文记述了采自云南盘溪的一恐鱼类的新材料,代表该类的一新种。这一化石的发现和记述,对于地层的对比和了解该类化石的地理分布均有一定意义。     

节甲鱼的一内颅化石

本文记述了广西六景的一长胸节甲类的内颅化石,并和我国已记述的Szuaspis yunnanensis、Kueichowlepis sinensis的内颅作了形态比较,讨论了它们之间的系统关系。     

三种库蚊蛹的描述(双翅目:蚊科)

孟庆华(1958)记述的黄氏库蚊(Culex huangae)和陈汉彬(1981)记述的天坪库蚊(C.tianpingensis)的模式产地分别为我国昆明和广西天坪山。里奇库蚊是Klein(1970)根据柬埔寨单一雄蚊记述的新种。上述三种库蚊蛹期形态均未见报道。现根据我们经隔离培养所采获标本记述如下:     

吉林省长白山区闪腹蛛属1新种与1新纪录种（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科：微蛛亚科）

记述了采自我国吉林省长白山地区的闪腹蛛属1新种与1新纪录种,记述的新种是:沟突闪腹蛛Hypselistes fossilobus sp.nov.;记述的1新纪录种是:杰氏闪腹蛛Hypselistes jacdsoni(Cambridge,1902)。本文所记述的种类,其测量单位均为mm,所有种的标本均保存于白求恩医科大学生物教研室。     

中国的球胸象属(鞘翅目:象虫科)

球胸象属 Piazomias Schoenherr虽然已经记述52种(不包括本文报道的18种),但尚未经过任何的修订。作者检查了本所和天津自然博物馆的标本,再通过研究,记述新种18个,并重新记述本属。依据前胸和鞘翅长、宽、高的演变以及其它一些特征,作者按亲缘关系,把本属分成五个种团.如图l。     

泥河湾盆地上新世小哺乳动物生物地层学及相关问题讨论

在泥河湾盆地稻地组与壶流河组、蔚县组命名剖面上分别筛洗小哺乳动物化石。其中花豹沟剖面选取 3个层位 ,发现小哺乳动物化石 1 0种 ;稻地剖面 6个层位 ,发现化石 2 5种。结合小哺乳动物化石组合 ,以及岩石地层追索对比 ,认为壶流河组与蔚县组从岩性上无法分开 ,应予合并 ,保留蔚县组 ;稻地组与蔚县组为同时期沉积 ,二者之间存在一定的相变关系 ,建议废止稻地组 ;仅保留蔚县组作为泥河湾组之下风成红黏土之上的岩石地层单位 ,其时代为中上新世晚期至晚上新世。     

Pseudomeriones megistos nov. sp. (Gerbillinae, Mammalia) from the Latest Miocene of Northern Greece and its phylogenetic relationships

The study of the primitive gerbil remains of Pseudomeriones, recovered from the micromammalian sites of Paliambela-B and Monasteri (Latest Miocene, Northern Greece), gives evidence for a new species, which is characterized by its large size and simple molar morphology. A cladistic analysis based on dental characters affiliates this form with P. rhodius and P. pythagorasi and enables an intrageneric phylogenetic scenario.     

甘肃董湾晚新近纪地层及中新统/上新统界线

古地磁测年表明,甘肃董湾晚新近纪剖面代表了7.3～3.5 Ma间的连续风成古土壤堆积。在74.8 m厚的剖面上,发现了小哺乳动物化石层位40个,共产出小哺乳动物39种。根据小哺乳动物组合特点,董湾剖面可以划分出4个生物地层带,Ⅰ+Ⅱ带为晚中新世晚期,相当于保德期;Ⅲ+Ⅳ带为上新世早期,相当于榆社期早期。中新统/上新统界线(5.33 Ma)位于剖面距顶部35.5 m处,比以鼢鼠Mesosiphneus最早出现为标志的生物地层Ⅲ带的底界低2 m。由于榆社阶底界直接对应于中新统/上新统界线,该剖面因其良好的地层和生物条件可被推荐为榆社阶界线层型的候选剖面。     

The Hipparion of the Rhone valley

A revision is given of the Rhone valley Hipparion. One new species is described from Montredon. It is noted that in the lower Vallesian localities one big heavily built Hipparion is present. In the late Vallesian a medium sized Hipparion with short limbs is found; in the Turolian a slender form of medium size and perhaps also a heavy form is present; finally in the Ruscinian two forms are found of which one has a very big size and has cabaloid characteristics.Some remarks are made about the paleoecology of Hipparion in general.     

Desmaninae (Talpidae, Mammalia) from the Pliocene of Tollo de Chiclana (Guadix Basin, Southern Spain): Considerations on the phylogeny of the genus Archaeodesmana

The fossil Desmaninae (water-moles) from the Pliocene continental deposits of Tollo de Chiclana (Guadix Basin, Southern Spain) are described. A new species, Archaeodesmana elvirae, is defined from the locality of Tollo de Chiclana-1 (upper Ruscinian). This species is characterized by relatively small canines and premolars (except the P4) and large P4 and molars, besides several morphological features. The presence of Archaeodesmana brailloni is reported from the locality of Tollo de Chiclana-1B (uppermost Ruscinian). A small sample assigned to the genus Archaeodesmana is described from the lower Villafranchian site of Tollo de Chiclana-3, which cannot be determined at the specific level. The phylogenetic relationships between the different species of Archaeodesmana are reconsidered in the light of the recent findings, which support the idea of a more complex phylogeny than previously proposed for this genus. The populations from the Guadix Basin, previously assigned to Dibolia dekkersi (= Archaeodesmana getica), are here considered to belong to a different (unnamed) species, which is the ancestor of A. elvirae. On the other hand, the new species A. elvirae is proposed as the ancestor of A. brailloni.     

“Measure my teeth and you'll know what I ate”: The molar ratio method and an updated interpretation of the diet of Nyctereutes sinensis (Carnivora,Canidae)

The molar ratio method presented by Acta Zoologica (98, 2016, 292) is a valid way to estimate the dietary differences between extant subspecies of the raccoon dog genus, Nyctereutes. Particularly, higher values of the molar ratio implies more omnivous diet than lower ones. With the same technique is possible to infer variations in the diet of extinct species. For the two Plio-Pleistocene fossil species Nyctereutes sinensis and Nyctereutes megamastoides, the authors estimate a more carnivorous diet for the latter in comparison to the former that has much higher values. This fact contrast with the morphological features of these two highly comparable species, often considered as morphotypes of the same species. Thanks to the revision of a large sample of N. sinensis from Chinese localities of the Yushe Basin (Shanxi Province), new scores for this species have been calculated. The results presented here confirms a strong adaptation to an omnivorous diet, as emerged from morphofunctional evidence in recent literature.     

Mio-Pliocene rodent assemblages from Alcoi Forn (Alcoy Basin,Eastern Spain). Biostratigraphical and palaeoclimatical inferences

In this work, we describe four new micromammal sites in the northern side of the Gormaget ravine, in the Alcoy Basin (Spain): AF-1’06, AF-1’07, AF-1A and AF-2. Based on the study of the faunal remains from these localities, we infer a latest Turolian-earliest Ruscinian age for AF-1’06 and AF-1A, and an earliest Ruscinian age for AF-1’07 and AF-2. The species assemblage of the locality AF-1’06, the only one which have yielded a sufficient number of remains to perform a palaecological analysis, shows warm and dry conditions near the Mio-Pliocene boundary in the Alcoy Basin. These data show a reduction of dry and warm indicators from older to younger localities in the Alcoy Basin, suggesting a change to colder and more humid conditions during the Early Pliocene.     

Differentiation of Venoms of Predatory Marine Gastropods: Divergence of Orthologous Toxin Genes of Closely Related Conus Species with Different Dietary Specializations

Venoms of Conus are remarkably diverse among species and the genes that encode conotoxins show high rates of evolution. Yet no prior studies have specifically explored how conotoxin gene evolution contributes to the differentiation of venoms of closely related Conus species. Previous investigations of four-loop conotoxin expression patterns of six closely related Conus species identified 12 sets of putative orthologous loci from these species, including eight pairs of loci that are coexpressed by two of these six species, C. abbreviatus and C. miliaris. Here I analyze the molecular evolution of orthologous conotoxin loci of these species and specifically examine the divergence of the eight orthologous counterparts of C. abbreviatus and C. miliaris. Tree and maximum likelihood-based analyses of these sequences reveal that positive selection promotes the divergence of orthologous genes among species and that the evolution of orthologues of C. abbreviatus and C. miliaris is asymmetric among species. The asymmetric evolution of conotoxin loci among species may result from lineage-specific dietary shifts or interspecific differences in the impact of selection from predator-prey interactions on conotoxin loci.     

Cuticular lipids for species recognition of mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae): II. Scapteriscus abbreviatus,S. acletus,S. vicinus,S. sp., and Neocurtilla hexadactyla

Qualitative analyses were made from whole-body cuticular extracts of Scapteriscus abbreviatus, Scapteriscus acletus, Scapteriscus vicinus, and Neocurtilla hexadactyla by isothermal and temperature-programmed gas chromatography. Adults of both sexes and nymphs of each species were collected in Florida. The chromatographic profiles of peaks were distinct and easily recognizable for each species, regardless of sex or developmental stage. Distinct sexual differences were found in S. acletus and S. abbreviatus. Specimens of S. abbreviatus from Puerto Rico and S. vicinus from Bolivia produced gas chromatography (GC) traces very similar to those of conspecifics collected in Florida. Evidence is presented to illustrate the potential importance of volatile cuticular lipid analysis as a tool for mole cricket identification. Cuticular extracts of an undescribed short-winged species of Scapteriscus from Bolivia were also examined and produced GC traces unlike those of any other species analyzed to date.     

记云南禄丰发现的Lophochoerus一新种

本文对1981年冬在云南省禄丰古猿化石地点发现的脊齿猪(Lophochoerus)进行了描述和对比。禄丰脊齿猪与仅发现于西瓦立克的同属几种之间在前臼齿和臼齿上有一定的区别,为此,另建立一新种Lophochoerus lufengensis sp,nov., 代表我国晚中新世地层该类化石的首次发现。