共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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T. D. Chugh 《Journal of biosciences》2008,33(4):549-555
There has been a remarkable progress in the prevention, control and even eradication of infectious diseases with improved
hygiene and development of antimicrobials and vaccines. However, infectious diseases still remain a leading cause of global
disease burden with high morbidity and mortality especially in the developing world. Furthermore, there have been threats
of new diseases during the past three decades due to the evolution and adaptation of microbes and the re-emergence of old
diseases due to the development of antimicrobial resistance and the capacity to spread to new geographic areas. The impact
of the emerging and re-emerging diseases in India has been tremendous at socioeconomic and public health levels. Their control
requires continuing surveillance, research and training, better diagnostic facilities and improved public health system. Emerging
and reemerging zoonotic diseases, foodborne and waterborne diseases and diseases caused by multiresistant organisms constitute
the major threats in India. This review of bacterial emerging and re-emerging diseases should be of critical importance to
microbiologists, clinicians, public health personnel and policy makers in India. 相似文献
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E Nicastri E Girardi G Ippolito 《Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents》2001,15(3):212-217
In the 1960s and 1970s, many public health experts assumed that infectious diseases could at long last be conquered as had occurred with smallpox. In the last two decades, reports warned that infectious diseases were clearly not a problem of the past. They could not be considered as a unique or isolated event of wild and faraway regions, but penetrated every corner of the globe. Emerging infectious diseases have been recently described as clinically distinct conditions whose incidence in humans has increased regionally or worldwide within the past two decades. Emergence may be due to the introduction of new agents to or the recognition of an existing disease that has gone undetected, and re-emergence may describe the re-appearance of known diseases after a decline in incidence. In this article a global, multidisciplinary and integrated approach in different fields of demography, epidemiology, economy, ecology, anthropology and environment at science has been considered to describe the different determinants responsible for the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases. 相似文献
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Hui EK 《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2006,8(3):905-916
In the past two decades, humans have faced many new viral infectious agents in emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Many factors contribute to the appearance of EIDs. These factors are complex but can be classified into three different categories: virus factors, human factors, and ecological factors. The factors contributing to the cause of such viral infectious diseases will be systematically reviewed in this article. 相似文献
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Thompson RC 《International journal for parasitology》2000,30(12-13):1259-1267
The reasons for considering giardiasis as a re-emerging infectious disease are presented, with emphasis on Giardia infections in child care centres, livestock and pets, and the role of zoonotic transmission. However, the aetiology and control of giardiasis is complicated by the genetic and phenotypic variability of Giardia species infective to mammals. Of particular significance has been the uncertainty about host specificity and the question of zoonotic transmission. The recent application of molecular characterisation procedures based on PCR has made an enormous contribution to an understanding of the genetic structure of Giardia populations, and this is reviewed in the context of the zoonotic transmission and molecular epidemiology of Giardia infections. 相似文献
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Adherent cells respond to mechanical properties of the surrounding extracellular matrix. Mechanical forces, sensed at specialized cell-matrix adhesion sites, promote actomyosin-based contraction within the cell. By manipulating matrix rigidity and adhesion strength, new roles for actomyosin contractility in the regulation of basic cellular functions, including cell proliferation, migration and stem cell differentiation, have recently been discovered. These investigations demonstrate that a balance of forces between cell adhesion on the outside and myosin II-based contractility on the inside of the cell controls many aspects of cell behavior. Disturbing this balance contributes to the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Therefore, elaborate signaling networks have evolved that modulate myosin II activity to maintain tensional homeostasis. These include signaling pathways that regulate myosin light chain phosphorylation as well as myosin II heavy chain interactions. 相似文献
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Hyaluronan and homeostasis: a balancing act. 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Markku I Tammi Anthony J Day Eva A Turley 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2002,277(7):4581-4584
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Cyril J. Smyth 《Trends in microbiology》2002,10(12):586-587
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Charles L. Nunn Peter H. Thrall Kelly Stewart Alexander H. Harcourt 《Evolutionary ecology》2008,22(4):519-543
Emerging infectious diseases threaten a wide diversity of animals, and important questions remain concerning disease emergence
in socially structured populations. We developed a spatially explicit simulation model to investigate whether—and under what
conditions—disease-related mortality can impact rates of pathogen spread in populations of polygynous groups. Specifically,
we investigated whether pathogen-mediated dispersal (PMD) can occur when females disperse after the resident male dies from
disease, thus carrying infections to new groups. We also examined the effects of incubation period and virulence, host mortality
and rates of background dispersal, and we used the model to investigate the spread of the virus responsible for Ebola hemorrhagic
fever, which currently is devastating African ape populations. Output was analyzed using regression trees, which enable exploration
of hierarchical and non-linear relationships. Analyses revealed that the incidence of disease in single-male (polygynous)
groups was significantly greater for those groups containing an average of more than six females, while the total number of
infected hosts in the population was most sensitive to the number of females per group. Thus, as expected, PMD occurs in polygynous
groups and its effects increase as harem size (the number of females) increases. Simulation output further indicated that
population-level effects of Ebola are likely to differ among multi-male–multi-female chimpanzees and polygynous gorillas,
with larger overall numbers of chimpanzees infected, but more gorilla groups becoming infected due to increased dispersal
when the resident male dies. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of social system on the spread of disease
in wild mammals. 相似文献
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Labouesse M 《Current biology : CB》2004,14(13):R508-R510
Transitions between epithelium and mesenchyme, in either direction, contribute repeatedly to animal development. Three striking papers suggest that distinct components with opposite activities, which together form a complex known for its role in cytokinesis, control these opposite transitions. 相似文献
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Cline H 《Current biology : CB》2005,15(6):R203-R205
Recent studies have implicated a number of membrane-associated proteins, including the signaling pair neuroligin and beta-neurexin, in synapse formation, suggesting that they govern the ratio of inhibitory and excitatory synapses on CNS neurons. These findings, together with data indicating that the genes encoding neuroligin and PSD95 are altered in autism patients, suggest that a molecular understanding of complex neurological diseases is within reach. 相似文献
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Large ribozymes typically require very long times to refold into their active conformation in vitro, because the RNA is easily trapped in metastable misfolded structures. Theoretical models show that the probability of misfolding is reduced when local and long-range interactions in the RNA are balanced. Using the folding kinetics of the Tetrahymena ribozyme as an example, we propose that folding rates are maximized when the free energies of forming independent domains are similar to each other. A prediction is that the folding pathway of the ribozyme can be reversed by inverting the relative stability of the tertiary domains. This result suggests strategies for optimizing ribozyme sequences for therapeutics and structural studies. 相似文献