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1.
S. E. Maddock 《Plant cell reports》1987,6(1):23-26
Suspension cultures have been initiated from embryogenic callus of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Most commonly, these suspensions are composed of callus-like clusters (up to 2 mm in diameter). Two rapidly-growing lines (MBE6 and C82d) have been obtained, which consist of smaller aggregates of cytoplasmic cells, and these have been maintained for more than 4 years. These lines show very limited morphogenetic capacity and only a single plantlet has been regenerated, from line MBE6, after 9 months in culture. Protoplasts isolated from line MBE6 are unable to divide, but protoplasts from line C82d consistently undergo sustained divisions to form callus or secondary cell suspensions.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium 相似文献
2.
《Environmental and Experimental Botany》2011,71(2-3):174-184
The impact of climatic change on crop production is a major global concern. One of the climatic factors, ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B; 280–320 nm), which is increasing as a result of depletion of the global stratospheric ozone layer, can alter crop productivity. As the initial step in development of UV-B tolerant rice cultivars for the southern U.S., in this study we screened popular southern U.S. rice cultivars for variation in tolerance to elevated UV-B radiation with respect to morphological, phenological and physiological parameters. Plants grown in the greenhouse at the Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center in Beaumont, Texas, U.S. were exposed to 0, 8 or 16 kJ m−2 day−1 UV-B radiation for 90 days. Our results showed differences among southern US rice cultivars in response to UV-B treatments with respect to leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), leaf phenolic concentration, pollen germination (PG), spikelet fertility (SF), leaf number, leaf area, and yield. For most of the cultivars, plants exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation showed decreased Pn, PG, SF and yield and increased spikelet abortion and leaf phenolic concentration compared to the plants grown in a UV-B-free environment. In this study, cultivar ‘Clearfield XL729’ performed better than the other cultivars under enhanced UV-B radiation. 相似文献
3.
Raman Kapur Mohammed Saleem Bryan L. Harvey Adrian J. Cutler 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1993,29(4):200-206
Summary Barley leaf blade protoplasts accumulate malonaldehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, during culture. In addition, glutathione
levels fall after protoplast isolation and the proportion of glutathione in the oxidized state rises. These data indicate
oxidative stress after protoplast isolation and during culture. The cause of this phenomenon is revealed by data showing that
the activities of enzymes associated with antioxidative processes including glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase
decrease after barley protoplast isolation. In contrast, protoplasts isolated from suspension cultured cells of bromegrass
and soybean exhibit little evidence for oxidative stress and increased activities of glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase.
We suggest that an antioxidative response is associated with mitosis and colony formation from protoplasts, as exhibited by
bromegrass and soybean. Conversely, failure of an antioxidative response is associated with low viability and absence of mitosis,
as in barley. Increased viability of barley leaf protoplasts cultured on feeder layer cells is correlated with increased glutathione
content and higher glutathione reductase activity. 相似文献
4.
P. J. Larkin 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1981,1(1):149-164
Experiments are described which improve the protocols for initiating in vitro cultures of sugarcane and allowing efficient
regeneration of plants even after 30 months of callus proliferation. Procedures adopted included use of leaf base explants,
CS medium with 3 mg/l 2, 4-D and 0.25 mg/l kinetin for callus initiation and growth, MS medium with 0.5 mg/l IAA and 1 mg/l
BAP for shoots, MS medium with 5 mg/l NAA and 7% (wt/vol) sucrose for rooting of shoots. Casein hydrolysate (N-Z amine) significantly
shortened the lag period in the growth of sugarcane suspension cultures, but did not increase the rate of growth following
the lag phase. Protoplasts isolated from two types of cultures could be grown to re-establish cell cultures but no plants
have yet been regenerated derived from isolated protoplasts. 相似文献
5.
CARRIE S. THURBER MICHAEL REAGON BRIANA L. GROSS KENNETH M. OLSEN YULIN JIA ANA L. CAICEDO 《Molecular ecology》2010,19(16):3271-3284
Cultivated rice fields worldwide are plagued with weedy rice, a conspecific weed of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.). The persistence of weedy rice has been attributed, in part, to its ability to shatter (disperse) seed prior to crop harvesting. In the United States, separately evolved weedy rice groups have been shown to share genomic identity with exotic domesticated cultivars. Here, we investigate the shattering phenotype in a collection of U.S. weedy rice accessions, as well as wild and cultivated relatives. We find that all U.S. weedy rice groups shatter seeds easily, despite multiple origins, and in contrast to a decrease in shattering ability seen in cultivated groups. We assessed allelic identity and diversity at the major shattering locus, sh4, in weedy rice; we find that all cultivated and weedy rice, regardless of population, share similar haplotypes at sh4, and all contain a single derived mutation associated with decreased seed shattering. Our data constitute the strongest evidence to date of an evolution of weeds from domesticated backgrounds. The combination of a shared cultivar sh4 allele and a highly shattering phenotype, suggests that U.S. weedy rice have re‐acquired the shattering trait after divergence from their progenitors through alternative genetic mechanisms. 相似文献
6.
H. Lörz P. J. Larkin J. Thomson W. R. Scowcroft 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1983,2(3):217-226
Media solidified with agarose resulted in higher plating efficiency of protoplasts than commonly used agar media. Improved culture efficiency was observed with mesophyll protoplasts of Nicotiana tabacum and N. plumbaginifolia and with protoplasts isolated from cell lines of Daucus carota, Hyoscyamus muticus and two lines of N. tabacum. The improvement with agarose was consistent over a wide cell density range and also for different media. The positive effect was not due to the lower temperature at which the protoplasts could be plated. Culture experiments with mixtures of different agar types generally gave intermediate division frequencies. There was no obvious effect on plating efficiency in experiments where diffusion was permitted between agar and other agar types. 相似文献
7.
Aspects of protoplast culture and plant regeneration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
8.
9.
Mei-Lie M. C. Tan Ellen M. Rietveld Gijsbert A. M. van Marrewijk Ad J. Kool 《Plant cell reports》1987,6(3):172-175
Conditions were established for efficient plant regeneration from four freshmarket cultivars of Lycopersicon esculentum. In order to increase the yield of viable protoplasts which are able to sustain cell divisions, the donor plants are preconditioned by incubation at 25°C in the dark for 18 hours, followed by a cold treatment at 4°C in the dark for the last 6 hours, prior to protoplast isolation. Browning of the dividing cell colonies can be prevented by culturing protoplasts in 100 l droplets of low-melting agarose, surrounded by liquid medium. Alternatively, protoplasts can be cultured in liquid medium. In both procedures the plating efficiencies and percentage of shoot regeneration are increased, only when dilutions were performed with auxin-free culture medium. Shoot regeneration is obtained by using a two step procedure: initiation of greening of microcalli on a medium containing 0.2 M mannitol and 7.3 mM sucrose, which is followed by shoot development on a mannitol-free medium containing 0.5 M sucrose. In this way, plants can be regenerated within 3 months from the hybrid cultivars Bellina, Abunda, Sonatine and also from the true seedline Moneymaker. The latter one showed the highest regeneration frequency (30%).Abbreviations BAP
6-Benzylamino purine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
- IAA
indole acetic acid
- MES
2-(N-morpholino)- ethane sulfonic acid
- NAA
naphthalene acetic acid
- PE
plating efficiency 相似文献
10.
Arthur F. McEvoy 《Journal of the history of biology》1992,25(3):469-486
11.
Salt tolerant lines of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) were selected out of KDML and LPT cultivars. The first selection was made in vitro by incorporating 1 or 2% NaCl in the culture media. Embryogenic calli from mature embryo were subjected to a salt stress for four weeks. Regeneration rates after salt stress were reduced to 0.076% or less as against regeneration rates of 8.3 to 30% normally obtained for non-stressed conditions. Seedlings of regenerants and of following generations were treated with 0.5% NaCl in water culture for four weeks. Definite salt tolerance of the progenies of selected and unselected plants appeared in both cultivars. The best survival rate of line LPT 171 in R3 was 94.3% while only 2% of the control survived. The result of the fourth generation was similar to the third.Abbreviations KDML
Cultivar Kao-Dawk-Mali
- LPT
Cultivar Leung-Pra-Tiew
- MS
Culture medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962)
- WP
Nutrient solution (Bentley, 1959)
- R0
Regenerated plants from callus
- R1
Progenies of R0
- R2
Progenies of R1...etc
This research was sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development, Washington D.C., Grant no. 936-5542-G-SS-3037-00 相似文献
12.
Herry S. Utomo Timothy P. Croughan Suzan S. Croughan 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1996,44(2):155-159
Suspension cultures of the U.S. rice cultivar Mercury have been maintained in modified General Medium for more than 3 years. These suspensions have continued to have high and relatively stable regeneration rates. Two different explants, immature panicles and seeds, were compared during the development of these embryogenic suspensions. Initial formation of secondary embryogenic callus from immature panicles on induction medium was greater than that from seeds. Suspensions of these two cell lines, however, did not differ morphologically and maintained similar regeneration rates. After 5 months in culture the rates of regeneration began to decline. The suspensions were plated onto regeneration medium without growth regulators for 2 weeks and then embryogenic cells were manually selected and used to develop secondary suspensions. Through this simple rejuvenation procedure, the suspensions retained high and stable regeneration rates. Variability in suspension growth, however, was observed during the culture period. Slower growth occurred at weeks 13, 15, 27, and 29 and was associated with a decrease in regeneration rates. Reproductive fertility of regenerated plants remained high for 3.5 years but then declined.Abbreviations CH
casein (acid hydrolysate)
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- MS
Murashige & Skoog basal medium
- SE
standard error 相似文献
13.
A yield of 2–4×106 protoplasts/g F.W. could be obtained when fresh cauliflower inflorescence segments were digested with 2% cellulase Onozuka R-10, 1% cellulase RS and 0.4% Macerozyme R-10 in CPW18S for 7 to 10 h. Purified protoplasts were cultured in K8p liquid and agarose medium. Although protoplasts in liquid medium divided earlier than in agarose, protoplast-derived cells in liquid culture could not avoid browning. With agarose culture, sustained division and callus formation could be achieved. After 20 days, calli were transferred onto B5 agar medium with ZT 1.5 mg l-1, BA 0.5 mg l-1 and IAA 0.1 mg l-1 for shoot formation. The frequency of bud formation varied from 56.7% for calli of 1mm in size to 5.6% for 5mm calli. The shoots formed were rooted in B5 medium containing 0.5 mg l-1 IBA, and the regenerated plants were transplanted to pots and grew normally. It took about two months from protoplasts to the regenerated plants.Abbreviations Ade
adenine
- BA
6-benzyl aminopurine
- CH
casein hydrolysate
- CM
coconut milk
- 2,4-D
2,4,-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- Gln
glutamine
- NAA
-naphthylacetic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- ZT
zeatin 相似文献
14.
Michael Reagon Carrie S Thurber Briana L Gross Kenneth M Olsen Yulin Jia Ana L Caicedo 《BMC evolutionary biology》2010,10(1):180
Background
Weedy rice (red rice), a conspecific weed of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), is a significant problem throughout the world and an emerging threat in regions where it was previously absent. Despite belonging to the same species complex as domesticated rice and its wild relatives, the evolutionary origins of weedy rice remain unclear. We use genome-wide patterns of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation in a broad geographic sample of weedy, domesticated, and wild Oryza samples to infer the origin and demographic processes influencing U.S. weedy rice evolution. 相似文献15.
J. J. Rybczyński 《Plant cell reports》1989,8(7):383-386
Explants from hypcotyls and cotyledons of Browalia speciosa were shown to regenerate plantlets.Protoplasts were isolated from etiolated cotyledon material, and, although callus was readily obtained, plantlet regeneration was not observed using numerous hormone regimes.Abbreviations M
Mannitol
- 2,4-D
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA
Naphthalene-acetic acid
- BAP
Benzylaminopurine
- MS medium
Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium
- UM medium
Uchimiya and Murashige (1974) medium
- COT
cotyledon
- SH
shoot
- R
root 相似文献
16.
Jameel M. Al-Khayri Christine E. Shamblin Edwin J. Anderson 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1996,32(4):227-232
Summary This study was conducted to establish and optimize a regeneration system for adapted U.S. rice genotypes including three commercial
rice cultivars (LaGrue, Katy, and Alan) and two Arkansas breeding lines. Factors evaluated in the study were genotype, sugar
type, and phytohormone concentration. The system consisted of two phases, callus induction and plant regeneration. In the
callus induction phase, mature caryopses were cultured on MS medium containing either 1% sucrose combined with 3% sorbitol
or 4% sucrose alone, and 0.5 to 4 mg·L−1 (2.26 to 18.10 μM) 2,4-D with or without 0.5mg·L−1) (2.32 μM) kinetin. In the plant regeneration phase, callus was transferred to 2,4-D-free MS medium containing 0 or 2 mg·L−1 (9.29 μM) kinetin combined with 0 or 0.1 mg·L−1 (0.54 μM) NAA. Callus induction commenced within a week, independent of the treatments. Callus growth and plant regeneration, however,
were significantly influenced by interactions among experimental factors. Generally, the greatest callus growth and plant
regeneration were obtained with 0.5 mg·L−1 (2.26 μM) 2,4-D and decreased with increasing 2,4-D concentrations. Kinetin enhanced callus growth only when combined with 0.5 mg·L−1 (2.26 μM) 2,4-D, and 4% sucrose. Inducing callus on kinetin-containing medium generally enhanced regeneration capacity in the presence
of sucrose but not with a sucrose/sorbitol combination. Media containing sucrose alone generally supported more callus proliferation,
but the sucrose/sorbitol combination improved regeneration of some cultivars. NAA and kinetin had little effect on regeneration. 相似文献
17.
植物原生质体培养研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
自从Cocking(196 0 )用酶法首次分离出有活性的原生质体 ,1971年Takebe等首次从烟草叶片分离原生质体 ,经培养获得再生植株 ,原生质体的研究和应用进入了一个新阶段。1 原生质体培养影响因子的研究1 1 培养基种类及成分不同植物原生质体培养的基本培养基不尽相同。培养基种类影响到原生质体的分裂频率、植板率以及小愈伤组织的出现等[1,2 ] 。潘增光[3 ] 等比较了 4种培养基 (MS、MT、改良MT、BH3)对苹果叶肉原生质体培养的影响 ,结果表明 ,只有在改良MT培养基中能观察到多细胞团形成 ,而在MS、MT、BH3作为… 相似文献
18.
19.
Genotype x culture media interaction effects on regeneration response of three indica rice cultivars
Interactive effects of genotypes with callus induction and regeneration media combinations on green plantlet regeneration
response were studied for three indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, IR-72, IR-54 and Karnal Local. Isolated mature-embryos
were used to derive scutellar callus and fifteen media combinations involving MS, N6, R2, SK1 and some modifications were
tested. Regeneration percentage as well as the shoot-bud induction frequency were influenced by genotype, callus induction
medium, regeneration medium, interaction between genotype and the two media (callus induction and regeneration) as well the
interaction between the callus induction medium and regeneration medium. Basal media combination of SK1m (callusing) and MS
(regeneration) was found to be the best for cv. Karnal Local in which regeneration frequency of 88% and shoot-bud induction
of 233% was observed. In IR-72, the highest regeneration frequency of 47.5% and shoot-bud induction frequency of 77% was obtained
on MS-MS combination. In IR-54, highest regeneration frequency (25%) was recorded on MMS(N)-MMS(N) combination, whereas, highest
frequency of shoot-bud induction (50%) was observed on MMS(S)-MS combination. Although genotype and the composition of the
callus induction basal medium were the major determinants of regeneration response, an overall analysis of variation also
revealed a significant interaction between the media used for de-differentiation (callusing) and re-differentiation (plantlet
regeneration).
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
N. K. Fageria 《Plant and Soil》1985,88(2):237-243
Summary The dry matter production and the concentration of nutrients in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars from soil adjusted to different levels of salinity were evaluated under a greenhouse conditions. Soil salinity levels were produced by applying 0.34 mol l–1 solution of NaCl which resulted in the following levels, control (0.29), 5, 10 and 15 dS m–1 conductivity of saturation extract. The effect of salinity on dry matter production varied from cultivar to cultivar.The concentrations of P and K in the tops of rice cultivars decreased with increasing soil salinity. But the concentrations of Na, Zn, Cu and Mn increased.Significant varietal differences were found in relation to salinity tolerance. Based on dry matter yield reduction, rice cultivars were classified as tolerant, moderately tolerant, moderately susceptible or susceptible. 相似文献