细菌视紫红质光循环中间体M412的动力学初探

采用紫外可见吸收光谱技术和闪光光解技术,初步观察了细菌视紫红质(BR)分子在宽pH范围(2.1～12.3)内的特征吸收峰以及M412的相对浓度和M412的慢成分半衰期的变化,并对其结构和光循环功能进行了讨论.紫外可见吸收光谱实验结果显示:pH=5.0～10.0时,BR最大特征吸收峰值约为568 nm;pH＜5.0时,BR最大特征吸收峰发生红移;pH＞10.0时,BR最大特征吸收峰发生蓝移.闪光动力学光谱结果显示:pH为7.3～9.5时,M412的相对浓度(M0)基本稳定在0.038左右;pH＜7.3时,M0逐渐减小;pH＞9.5时,M0明显上升,在pH=11.8时达到最大值0.1355,随后又快速下降.pH为2.1～7.3时,M412的慢成分半衰期(ts1/2)值在(4.1±1.1)ms左右;pH＞7.3时,ts1/2值急剧延长到40 677.4 ms.推测在高pH条件下,BR分子的光循环有新的路径和机理.     

细菌视紫红质对调制光的响应特性

细菌视紫红质在结构上与视紫红质的相似性使其具有某些视觉响应特性.用电泳法在不锈钢电极上沉积出定向紫膜薄膜,构成不锈钢/紫膜/凝胶/铜电极结构的光接收器.在调制光作用下,光接收器显示出对光强变化的微分响应特性.测量了光电压随调制频率和入射光功率的变化关系.比较和讨论了细菌视紫红质对调制光响应特性与视觉频闪及明暗感的相关性.     

正电性氨基酸残基K129对细菌视紫红质光循环动力学的影响

光驱动质子泵细菌视紫红质(bacteriorhodopsin, bR)是存在于嗜盐杆菌(Halobacterium salinarum)细胞膜上的一种七-跨膜蛋白,其视黄醛发色团与螺旋F上的赖氨酸216(K216)共价结合形成希夫碱。光激发后,视黄醛由全反式构型向13-顺式构型的异构化驱动蛋白进入光循环,在经历了一系列具有特定紫外吸收的光循环中间态后将质子由胞内泵出到胞外,形成质子梯度差驱动ATP酶合成ATP。荷正电的赖氨酸129(K129)是bR胞外界面上唯一的一个赖氨酸残基,它对胞外侧质子传输半通道氢键网络以及整个光循环的调控作用目前仍不甚明了。为弥补这一研究上的空白,本研究通过基因定点突变技术并结合紫外-可见光吸收光谱、动力学闪光光解光谱、酸碱滴定等手段,通过与重组表达的野生型bR的对比,深入探究不同极性的K129E和K129L突变对bR质子释放基团(proton release complex, PRC)的调制作用以及对整个光循环的影响。研究结果表明,K129作为胞外侧的荷正电性氨基酸残基,对于稳定质子释放基团的电荷和质子传输通道氢键网络具有重要的调控作用,直接影响着bR的光循...     

细菌视紫红质光循环中间体M412的动力学初探

采用紫外可见吸收光谱技术和闪光光解技术,初步观察了细菌视紫红质(BR)分子在宽pH范围（2.1～12.3）内的特征吸收峰以及M₄₁₂的相对浓度和M₄₁₂的慢成分半衰期的变化,并对其结构和光循环功能进行了讨论.紫外可见吸收光谱实验结果显示：pH=5.0～10.0时,BR最大特征吸收峰值约为568 nm;pH＜5.0时,BR最大特征吸收峰发生红移;pH＞10.0时,BR最大特征吸收峰发生蓝移.闪光动力学光谱结果显示：pH为7.3～9.5时,M₄₁₂的相对浓度(M₀)基本稳定在0.038左右;pH＜7.3时,M₀逐渐减小;pH＞9.5时,M₀明显上升,在pH=11.8时达到最大值0.1355,随后又快速下降.pH为2.1～7.3时,M₄₁₂的慢成分半衰期(t^s_1/2)值在(4.1±1.1)ms左右;pH＞7.3时,t^s_1/2值急剧延长到40 677.4 ms.推测在高pH条件下,BR分子的光循环有新的路径和机理.     

细菌视紫红质分支光循环研究的新起点——蓝膜

细菌视紫红质分支光循环研究的新起点——蓝膜@张国艳$中国科学院化学研究所分子科学中心!北京100080@李宝芳$中国科学院化学研究所分子科学中心!北京100080@江龙$中国科学院化学研究所分子科学中心!北京100080~~     

两种状态细菌视紫红质光循环中间产物与pH的关系

本文主要用微机控制的毫秒级闪光动力学光谱仪研究含三体细菌视紫红质(Bacteriorhodopsin,简称BR)的紫膜碎片和含单体BR的DMPC(dimyristoyl-Phosphatidyl-choline)脂质囊泡在不同pH条件下光循环中间产物M_(412)和O_(640)的变化,研究结果表明:BR单体与其三体状态相比,BR单体的光循环中间产物M_(412)的产量受介质pH变化的影响较大,其慢衰减成份的衰减比三体BR慢3—10倍.说明单体BR的结构状态较易受PH影响,单体BR光循环中间产物O_(640)随pH变化的趋势与三体BR的有很大区别,可能是由于不同状态的BR受pH的影响,但其具有不同的构型,导致光循环途径的变化.     

细菌视紫红质的质子传输机理

细菌视紫红质（bR）是嗜盐菌紫膜中的唯一蛋白质成分, 具有质子泵、电荷分离和光致变色功能. bR分子中的发色团视黄醛通过质子化席夫碱以共价键与Lys216相连. bR分子受可见光照射后, 视黄醛发生从全-反到13-顺式构型的异构化, 导致席夫碱的去质子化,继之以可极化基团位置的改变. 力场的变化引起包括蛋白质三级结构在内的诸多变化, 这些变化促进并保证了质子从细胞质侧向细胞外侧的定向传输.     

细菌视紫红质研究的新进展

细菌视紫红质（bR)自六十年代末发现以来,一直是膜蛋白领域研究的热点之一,bR不仅在基础理论研究方向有着深远的意义,而且也有着广泛的应用前景。对bR的结构、质子泵功能、折叠机制等研究前沿进行概述。     

细菌视紫红质膜质子(电荷)转移过程中的瞬态吸收研究

用自行设计的“连续泵浦－探测光＋脉冲泵浦光”的实验系统,研究细菌视紫红质（ＢＲ）的光循环过程;着重以Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光（６３２．８ｎｍ）为连续泵浦－探测光,研究在脉冲光共同作用下ＢＲ各能态的光吸收的动力学过程,及该吸收特性与两束光强度的关系     

细菌视紫红质光学图像存储的灰阶特性研究

细菌视紫红质（Bacteriorhodopsin,BR）是一种具有优良光致变色特性的光敏蛋白分子,具有极好的抗疲劳性和高的光转换量子效率,可用于光学图像信息的获取和存储.文章讨论了BR分子膜在受到随空间位置变化的光强调制下,BR分子膜光吸收变化量的空间分布及其与存储图像灰度分布之间的关系;建立了BR灰度图像存储特性实验系统,并对BR-D96N薄膜存储的光学图像灰阶特性进行了实验研究,实验表明BR薄膜图像存储具有出色的灰度表现能力.     

细菌视紫红质的光电响应特性和机制

在ITO导电玻璃上制备定向细菌视紫红质 (BR)电泳沉积膜或LB膜组成光电池系统 ,在短脉冲激光照射下 ,测定其脉冲响应光电压 ;在间断光照射下 ,测定其对光强变化产生的微分响应信号。对脉冲光电响应和微分响应的机理及其关系进行理论分析和解释 ,认为脉冲响应是BR分子内部生色团快速光极化引起的电荷分离和希夫碱及其周围氨基酸去质子化和再质子化过程引起的质子定向运输产生的位移电流 ,是一个快反应过程 ,是微分响应的早期反应和基础。微分响应则是由于菌紫质的光驱动质子泵产生的连续质子流在光开和光关瞬间引起光电池系统充放电以及测量电路的耦合特性引起的 ,是一个慢变化过程     

Effects of Mutations of Lys41 and Asp102 of Bacteriorhodopsin

Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is a retinal protein that functions as a light-driven proton pump. In this study, six novel mutants including K41E and D102K, were obtained to verify or rule out the possibility that residues Lys41 and Asp102 are determinants of the time order of proton release and uptake, because we found that the order was reversed in another retinal protein archaerhodopsin 4 (AR4), which had different 41th and 102th residues. Our results rule out that possibility and confirm that the pK _a of the proton release complex (PRC) determines the time order. Nevertheless, mutations, especially D102K, were found to affect the kinetics of proton uptake substantially and the pK _a of Asp96. Compared to the wild-type BR (BR-WT), the decay of the M intermediate and proton uptake in the photocycle was slowed about 3-fold in D102K. Hence those residues might be involved in proton uptake and delivery to the internal proton donor.     

Dynamics of the Instantaneous Firing Rate in Response to Changes in Input Statistics

We review and extend recent results on the instantaneous firing rate dynamics of simplified models of spiking neurons in response to noisy current inputs. It has been shown recently that the response of the instantaneous firing rate to small amplitude oscillations in the mean inputs depends in the large frequency limit f on the spike initiation dynamics. A particular simplified model, the exponential integrate-and-fire (EIF) model, has a response that decays as 1/f in the large frequency limit and describes very well the response of conductance-based models with a Hodgkin-Huxley type fast sodium current. Here, we show that the response of the EIF instantaneous firing rate also decays as 1/f in the case of an oscillation in the variance of the inputs for both white and colored noise. We then compute the initial transient response of the firing rate of the EIF model to a step change in its mean inputs and/or in the variance of its inputs. We show that in both cases the response speed is proportional to the neuron stationary firing rate and inversely proportional to a spike slope factor _T that controls the sharpness of spike initiation: as 1/_T for a step change in mean inputs, and as 1/_T² for a step change in the variance in the inputs.     

Estimation of Instantaneous Complex Dynamics through Lyapunov Exponents: A Study on Heartbeat Dynamics

Measures of nonlinearity and complexity, and in particular the study of Lyapunov exponents, have been increasingly used to characterize dynamical properties of a wide range of biological nonlinear systems, including cardiovascular control. In this work, we present a novel methodology able to effectively estimate the Lyapunov spectrum of a series of stochastic events in an instantaneous fashion. The paradigm relies on a novel point-process high-order nonlinear model of the event series dynamics. The long-term information is taken into account by expanding the linear, quadratic, and cubic Wiener-Volterra kernels with the orthonormal Laguerre basis functions. Applications to synthetic data such as the Hénon map and Rössler attractor, as well as two experimental heartbeat interval datasets (i.e., healthy subjects undergoing postural changes and patients with severe cardiac heart failure), focus on estimation and tracking of the Instantaneous Dominant Lyapunov Exponent (IDLE). The novel cardiovascular assessment demonstrates that our method is able to effectively and instantaneously track the nonlinear autonomic control dynamics, allowing for complexity variability estimations.     

Proton Transport Mechanism of Bacteriorhodopsin as Revealed by Site-Specific Mutagenesis and Protein Sequence Variability

A large share of the current ideas about the mechanism of proton transport by bacteriorhodopsin has emerged from studies of site-specific mutants. This review is an attempt to check some of these ideas against the natural variability in the primary structure of the protein.     

激光采血的分析研究

本文根据激光与皮肤组织的作用规律对紫外激光,可见激光和红外激光的采血效果进行了系统地分析研究,研究结果表明：CO2激光与Er:YAG激光是采血的理想工具。并对红外激光采血的参娄进行了定量地分析与计算,为激光采血设备的研制和应用提供一个参考。     

花生下胚轴组织H~ 分泌与质膜氧化还原系统的某些特性

花生幼苗下胚轴细胞表面存在氧化NADH与还原Fe(CN)_6~(3-)的氧化还原系统(redox system),它的活性随反应介质pH的上升而增加,氧是该系统的天然电子受体,受DCCD抑制。在NADH与Fe(CN)_6~(3-)被氧化与还原的同时,组织的H~ 分泌明显受到促进,并随反应介质pH上升而增加。质膜H~ -ATPase专一抑制剂Na_3VO_4(0.1 mmol/L)对组织H~ 分泌抑制绝对量基本上不受介质pH的影响,表明质膜H~ -ATPase与redox system共同参与该组织的H~ 分泌,部分redox system支配的H~ 分泌是依赖氧的。     

The proton gradient across the vacuo-lysosomal membrane of lutoids from the latex ofHevea brasiliensis. I. Further evidence for a proton-translocating ATPase on the vacuo-lysosomal membrane of intact lutoids

Summary Lutoids (vacuo-lysosomal particles) were isolated from the latex ofHevea brasiliensis. Using flow dialysis with¹⁴C-methylamine uptake as a pH probe and⁸⁶Rb rubidium+valinomycin distribution for estimations of transmembrane electrical potential, intact lutoids exhibited a pH of 1 unit (interior more acid) and a of –70 mV (interior negative), when suspended in an isotonic medium at physiological concentration of potassium (30mm) and pH 7.0, in the absence of ATP. In most cases, the Donnan potential was shown to fully account for pH in nonenergized lutoids. The addition of Mg-ATP (5mm) resulted in a marked acidification of the lutoidic internal space (0.7 to 1 pH unit) depending on the composition of the medium, and in a membrane depolarization by 60 mV (interior becoming less negative). The resulting electrochemical potential of protons ( ) increased by a hundred millivolts when lutoids were energized by ATP. These data strongly support an inward electrogenic proton translocating function for the ATPase of the vacuo-lysosomal membrane of lutoids. Results are discussed in terms of thein vivo maintenance of large lutoids/cytoplasm proton gradients, and of the rôle of these vacuo-lysosomes in the homeostasis of the cytoplasmic metabolism.     

595 nm脉冲染料激光非损伤嫩肤治疗对皮肤羟脯氨酸含量的影响

羟脯氨酸的含量是反映胶原纤维变化的敏感生化指标.本文利用昆明小鼠作为动物模型,研究不同能量的595 nm脉冲染料激光对皮肤羟脯氨酸含量的影响.20只昆明小鼠随机分为两组,1个实验组和1个对照组.三种能量的激光各照射5次,每次间隔3天,光斑有10%的重叠.照射后测皮肤羟脯氨酸含量的变化,SPSS进行数据分析. 8 J/cm2、10 J/cm2和12 J/cm2组羟脯氨酸含量分别比对照组增加39% 、50% 和58%(p<0.05),12 J/cm2能量组的效果最好,但他们之间没有统计学上的显著差异,表明595nm的脉冲染料激光照射能明显增加皮肤羟脯氨酸的含量,用于非损伤嫩肤治疗是有效的.