锁阳对运动训练大鼠睾酮含量、物质代谢及抗运动疲劳能力的影响

本文以大强度耐力训练大鼠为模型,对锁阳对运动训练大鼠睾酮含量、物质代谢及抗运动疲劳能力的影响进行了研究。试验中分别以0.75、1.5、4.5 g/(kg.d)的剂量给大鼠灌胃49 d,并进行负重游泳实验、血睾酮等生化指标测定。结果显示,锁阳各剂量组力竭游泳时间长于运动对照组(T组)(P0.01);血清睾酮高于T组(P0.01),血清皮质酮低于T组(P0.05);各组间血清睾酮与皮质酮比值变化与睾酮变化较为一致;肝糖原(P0.05)、肌糖原(P0.01)高于T组;血尿素氮低于T组(P0.05);血红蛋白高于T组(P0.05)。从而表明补充锁阳可以减轻大鼠血睾酮、皮质酮受高强度运动量的影响,维持在正常生理水平;促进蛋白质合成,抑制氨基酸和蛋白质分解,提高血红蛋白含量和糖原的储备,增强抗疲劳能力,具有多靶点、多途径的显著特点。     

菟丝子对运动训练大鼠睾酮含量、物质代谢及抗运动疲劳能力的影响

本文以大强度耐力训练大鼠为模型,对菟丝子对运动训练大鼠睾酮含量、物质代谢及抗运动疲劳能力的影响进行了研究.试验中分别以1.16、2.32、6.96 g.kg-1.d-1的剂量给大鼠灌胃42d,并进行负重游泳实验、血清睾酮等生化指标测定.结果显示,菟丝子各剂量组力竭游泳时间长于运动对照组(T组)(P＜0.01);血清睾酮高于T组(P＜0.01),血清皮质酮低于T组(P＜0.05);各组间血清睾酮与皮质酮比值变化与睾酮变化较为一致;肝糖原(P＜0.05)、肌糖原(P＜0.01)高于T组;血清尿素氮低于T组(P＜0.05);血红蛋白高于T组(P＜0.05).从而表明补充菟丝子可以减轻大鼠血睾酮、皮质酮受高强度运动量的影响,维持在正常生理水平;促进蛋白质合成,抑制氨基酸和蛋白质分解,提高血红蛋白含量和糖原的储备,增强抗疲劳能力,具有多靶点、多途径的显著特点.     

东革阿里对运动训练大鼠睾酮含量、物质代谢及抗运动疲劳能力的影响

本实验以大强度耐力训练大鼠为模型,研究东革阿里对运动训练大鼠睾酮含量、物质代谢及抗运动疲劳能力的影响。试验中分别以0.4、0.8、2.4 g/(kg·d)的剂量给大鼠灌胃49 d,并进行负重游泳实验、血睾酮等生化指标测定。结果显示,东革阿里各剂量组力竭游泳时间长于运动对照组(T组)(P0.01);血清睾酮高于T组(P0.01);血清皮质酮低于T组,促黄体生成素、促卵泡刺激素高于T组,与T组比较均不具有显著性差异;各组间血清睾酮与皮质酮比值变化与睾酮变化较为一致;肝糖原、肌糖原(P0.05)高于T组;血尿素氮低于T组(P0.05);血红蛋白高于T组(P0.05)。从而表明补充东革阿里可以减轻大鼠血睾酮、皮质酮受高强度运动量的影响,维持在正常生理水平;促进蛋白质合成,抑制氨基酸和蛋白质分解,提高血红蛋白含量和糖原的储备,增强抗疲劳能力,具有多靶点、多途径的显著特点。     

沙棘汁对大鼠骨骼肌自由基代谢和血液血红蛋白、肌酸激酶、睾酮的影响

目的:探讨沙棘汁对大鼠骨骼肌自由基代谢和血液部分生化指标的影响。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为安静组、训练组、沙棘训练组,6周训练和补充沙棘汁后,测定大鼠骨骼肌和血液的有关指标。结果:沙棘训练组与训练组相比,运动至力竭的时间明显延长;骨骼肌抗氧化酶活性明显升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量极为显著降低;血睾酮(T)和血红蛋白(Hb)均明显升高;肌酸激酶(CK)显著降低。结论:沙棘汁能增强大鼠骨骼肌抗氧化能力,提高血睾酮和血红蛋白水平,延缓疲劳出现,提高其有氧耐力运动的能力。     

狭叶红景天愈伤组织中红景天甙含量及相关代谢酶活力的研究

室温下分别对狭叶红景天的茎和叶进行愈伤组织诱导,在24C和4C进行继代培养,测定其苯丙氨酸解氨酶、肉桂酸-4羟化酶和酪氨酸解氨酶的活性,并利用高效液相色谱法测定其红景天甙含量。结果表明：培养温度和愈伤组织的外植体来源均影响红景天甙的含量和3种代谢酶的酶活力;在24C和4C温度条件下,相同外植体来源的愈伤组织叶中和相同培养温度条件下的茎和叶2种不同来源外植体的愈伤组织中,红景天甙含量和3种代谢酶活力之间均存在显著性差异。     

氮素营养水平对高山红景天生长和红景天苷含量的影响

在温室中采用砂培法以4种氮素营养水平(1．75、3．50、7．00和14．00mmol／L)培养移栽的高山红景天,50d后测定了生长状况和根的红景天苷含量。株高、全株生物量、地上部分生物量随氮水平的增加而增加,而根生物量、根冠比则随着氮水平的增加而降低。在氮水平为7mmol／L左右时,高山红景天根中红景天苷的含量和产量最高,而低氮水平和高氮水平均不利于红景天苷的积累。     

土壤水分对高山红景天生长和红景天甙含量的影响

温室中3种土壤水分条件(土壤相对含水量分别为35％～55％、55％～75％和75％～95％)下,以55％～75％土壤相对含水量上生长的高山红景天的株高、生物量、红景天甙含量和产量最高。     

大鼠睾丸金属结合蛋白含量对睾酮合成速率的影响

通过观察具有不同睾丸金属结合蛋白（ｔｅｓｔｉｓｍｅｔａｌｂｉｎｄｉｎｇｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ,ＴＭＢＰ）含量的对照和缺锌后补锌大鼠安静时和力竭性游泳后不同时间睾丸和血清睾酮和锌含量变化,以探讨ＴＭＢＰ含量对睾酮合成速率的影响．实验结果证实了如下推测：ＴＭＢＰ含量不同,睾酮合成的速率也不同,高起始含量ＴＭＢＰ的状况下,睾丸睾酮的合成加快．这一结果提示：ＴＭＢＰ可能参与睾酮的合成．     

Ipriflavone对雄性大鼠生长及血液睾酮水平的影响

目的：观察伊普异黄酮（IP）对雄性动物生长、骨骼肌肉发育以及相关内分泌的影响。方法：24只1月龄雄性大鼠分为IP组和对照组,IP组于基础日粮中添加伊普异黄酮3mg·kg^-1,实验持续30d。结果：与对照组相比,IP组大鼠日增重和采食量分别提高12．4％（P〈0．01）和17．8（P〈0．01）;胴体重增高10．70％（P〈0．05）,骨骼肌重有所增加,而腰胁部脂肪重则显著降低;股骨重和骨密度均有增加;血液睾酮含量IP组大鼠超过对照组约42％,而雌二醇含量略有降低。结论：伊普异黄酮能促进雄性大鼠生长,内源睾酮在参与这一生理过程中起重要作用。     

Effect of Voluntary Ethanol Consumption Combined with Testosterone Treatment on Cardiovascular Function in Rats: Influence of Exercise Training

This study evaluated the effects of voluntary ethanol consumption combined with testosterone treatment on cardiovascular function in rats. Moreover, we investigated the influence of exercise training on these effects. To this end, male rats were submitted to low-intensity training on a treadmill or kept sedentary while concurrently being treated with ethanol for 6 weeks. For voluntary ethanol intake, rats were given access to two bottles, one containing ethanol and other containing water, three 24-hour sessions per week. In the last two weeks (weeks 5 and 6), animals underwent testosterone treatment concurrently with exercise training and exposure to ethanol. Ethanol consumption was not affected by either testosterone treatment or exercise training. Also, drug treatments did not influence the treadmill performance improvement evoked by training. However, testosterone alone, but not in combination with ethanol, reduced resting heart rate. Moreover, combined treatment with testosterone and ethanol reduced the pressor response to the selective α₁-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine. Treatment with either testosterone or ethanol alone also affected baroreflex activity and enhanced depressor response to acetylcholine, but these effects were inhibited when drugs were coadministrated. Exercise training restored most cardiovascular effects evoked by drug treatments. Furthermore, both drugs administrated alone increased pressor response to phenylephrine in trained animals. Also, drug treatments inhibited the beneficial effects of training on baroreflex function. In conclusion, the present results suggest a potential interaction between toxic effects of testosterone and ethanol on cardiovascular function. Data also indicate that exercise training is an important factor influencing the effects of these substances.     

运动后瘦素水平的变化及其对骨代谢的影响

瘦素(leptin)的生理作用很多,其对骨代谢的影响可以通过中枢和外周两个机制来实现.运动可以影响人体骨代谢,但运动后血清瘦素水平的变化不一,可能是因为瘦素可以通过多种下丘脑-垂体轴途径影响骨代谢,如下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴、下丘脑-垂体-生长激素轴等等,各途径作用结果不一致,致使不同的运动形式对瘦素的影响不同.本文对运动后瘦素水平改变及其对骨代谢的作用予以综述.     

低氧运动对Nrf2基因敲除大鼠运动能力和氧化应激的影响

Nrf2可调节多种抗氧化酶的表达,Nrf2的缺失可能影响机体的运动能力,而低氧可提高机体的抗氧化能力并改善运动能力。为了考察低氧运动对Nrf2基因敲除大鼠运动能力和氧化应激的影响,本研究分别在常氧和低氧环境(12%氧浓度)中对野生型大鼠和Nrf2敲除大鼠进行4周的跑台运动。研究显示,低氧运动可提高野生型大鼠的跑台运动力竭时间,Nrf2敲除可缩短大鼠的力竭时间;低氧运动可上调大鼠的Nrf2 m RNA表达量;Nrf2敲除明显抑制HIF-1α蛋白表达,而低氧运动可上调野生型和Nrf2敲除大鼠的HIF-1α蛋白表达;Nrf2敲除大鼠的骨骼肌ROS水平明显升高,并且低氧均可降低野生型和Nrf2敲除大鼠骨骼肌ROS水平。低氧运动可上调Nrf2敲除大鼠的CAT和GSH-PX蛋白表达。苏木精和伊红(HE)染色显示,Nrf2敲除大鼠在力竭跑台运动完成后出现更严重的骨骼肌病理改变,而低氧运动可减轻骨骼肌损伤。本研究认为,Nrf2敲除导致了大鼠骨骼肌中抗氧化酶的抑制及ROS的过量累积,从而造成了骨骼肌损伤并降低了运动能力。此外,低氧可通过上调Nrf2的表达,进而激活HIF-1α及抗氧化酶活性,从而提高运动能力,并防止骨骼肌损伤。     

The Effect of Low‐Intensity Exercise Training on Fat Metabolism of Obese Women

Objective: Previous studies have shown that fat metabolism is different in upper body (UB) and lower body (LB) obese women. The present study investigated whether the effect of low‐intensity exercise training on fat metabolism is different in UB and LB obese premenopausal women. Research Methods and Procedures: Twenty‐one healthy, premenopausal women with either LB obesity (waist‐to‐hip ratio of ≤0.79; n = 8) or UB obesity (waist‐to‐hip ratio of ≥0.85; n = 13) participated in the present study. The UB obese women were matched and randomly divided in an exercise training group (UB) and a nonexercising control group (UB‐C). Subjects in the UB and LB groups participated in a low‐intensity exercise training program (40% Vo ₂max) three times per week for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, measurements of fat metabolism at rest and during exercise, body composition, and maximal aerobic capacity were performed. Results: Exercise training did not change the respiratory exchange ratio at rest in the UB and LB groups. During exercise, relative fat oxidation increased in the UB group by 19% (p < 0.05), whereas no change in the LB and UB‐C groups was found. Plasma free fatty acid oxidation did not change by exercise training, and nonplasma fatty acid oxidation tended to increase in the UB group compared with the UB‐C group (p = 0.08). Discussion: Low‐intensity exercise training increased the contribution of fat oxidation to total energy expenditure during exercise but not at rest in UB obese women. Exercise training had no significant effect on fat metabolism in the LB obese women.     

Effect of Exercise on Tissue Protein Synthesis in Rats

The effect of exercise on the protein metabolism in skeletal muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus), liver and small intestine was investigated in rats. Treadmill treatment for 7 d resulted in atrophy of the liver and small intestine, which was associated with a reduction in protein content. The rates of protein synthesis in the liver and small intestine were significantly suppressed in rats subjected to exercise. The change in protein synthesis in the visceral organs was mediated by the change in RNA activity (protein synthesis per unit RNA) but not by the change in RNA concentration. The tissue weight and the rate of protein synthesis in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were not affected by exercise. The results suggest that these changes in protein synthesis in the liver and small intestine may explain, at least partly, the atrophy of these organs which was observed after 7 d of exercise.