MAGNITUDE ESTIMATION WITH AND WITHOUT RE-SCALING

Analysis of variance was applied to 3,107 magnitude estimations (ME) obtained upon 173 panelists (16 panels) evaluating the areas of 18 geometric figures. As Butler et al. (1987) pointed out, if a full ANOVA is applied to the values transformed to logarithms, there is no need to re-scale, i.e., normalize the values as is usually done. In fact, even with re-scaling, total variability is not accounted for adequately unless all the sources of variation are partitioned out in the analysis. Under some circumstances, re-scaling is needed: some laboratories re-scale to the arithmetic mean, others to the geometric one. The error was somewhat greater when the data were re-scaled to the arithmetic mean. The residuals of the ME values transformed to logarithms conformed essentially to a normal distribution. Kurtosis was greater, 5.30; otherwise the distribution was close to a log normal one. The average coefficient of variation was <10%.     

血管瘤组织中p63和Fos蛋白的定量表达

目的　探讨 p6 3基因和c fos基因的蛋白与血管瘤发生发展的关系。方法　采用免疫组织化学S P法对 4 0例血管瘤和 2 0例正常皮肤组织检测 p6 3基因和c fos基因的蛋白表达 ;对所获得的检测结果进行图像分析处理。结果　在正常皮肤组、增生期与消退期血管瘤中 ,p6 3和Fos蛋白的平均光密度分别为 :0 92 3± 0 191,0 0 79± 0 0 2 4 ;8 2 71±1 95 3,0 12 4± 0 0 15 ;0 92 0± 0 187,0 0 88± 0 0 17。增生期组与消退期组、正常皮肤组分别相比 ,p6 3和Fos阳性表达的差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,消退期组与正常皮肤组之间 ,p6 3阳性表达的差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　p6 3基因在血管瘤中并未作为肿瘤抑制基因起作用 ,相反是作为癌基因而促进内皮细胞的增殖 ,可能与血管形成关系密切。c fos在血管瘤的增生中起着重要作用 ,可能与c fos可通过识别bFGF启动子区的特异位点TRE而启动bFGF基因的转录有关。     

THE LEVELS OF LABILE INTERMEDIARY METABOLITES IN MOUSE BRAIN FOLLOWING RAPID TISSUE FIXATION WITH MICROWAVE IRRADIATION1

The levels of several labile glycolytic and organic phosphate metabolites in mouse brain were determined following rapid inactivation with 2450 MHz microwave irradiation. The levels of ATP in mouse brain following a 0·25 s exposure in a 6 kW microwave oven was found to be 2·416 ± 0·061. Whole brain levels of 8 labile intermediary metabolites in 0·4 s irradiated samples were comparable to those reported using the previously-described methods of freeze-blowing or whole-animal immersion. Analysis of these same metabolites in 4 gross areas of brain did not reveal any anoxic changes betwen superficial and deeper brain areas. The advantages of the mcrowave irradiation inactivation technique for regional brain studies of labile intermediary metabolites is discussed.     

吸烟患COPD者与吸烟不患COPD者肺组织中白介素-18表达的研究

目的探讨吸烟患慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pul monary disease,COPD)者与吸烟不患COPD者肺组织中白介素-18(interleukin-18,IL-18)表达水平的差异。方法不吸烟不患COPD(Control组)、吸烟不患COPD(Smoker组)和吸烟患COPD(COPD组)患者各10例,性别、年龄相匹配,均为因肺部占位病变行肺叶切除术患者,取材尽量远离病变组织,采用HE染色观察各组肺组织形态学变化,用免疫组织化学染色方法,检测IL-18在肺组织的表达。结果1.HE染色显示正常对照组与吸烟不患COPD组无明显炎症变化;COPD组肺组织有明显的肺泡结构破坏和炎症细胞浸润,炎性细胞较Control组和Smoker组明显增加。2.免疫组化染色图像分析显示,Control组IL-18的平均光密度值为0.472±0.134,Smoker组为0.622±0.090,COPD组为0.897±0.193,COPD组与Control组和Smoker组之间有显著统计学差异(n均为10,P0.01),并且Smoker组和Control组之间也存在统计学差异(P0.05)。将30例受试者作为整体分析,肺组织中IL-18表达(平均光密度值表示)分别与肺功能指标FEV1/FVC、FEV1(%pred)之间存在显著的负的直线相关关系(n=30,r=-0.778,P0.01和n=30,r=-0.520,P0.01)。结论吸烟患COPD者肺组织中IL-18的表达较不患COPD者明显增加,IL-18在肺部的表达量与气流受限程度具有显著相关性,提示IL-18在吸烟致COPD的发病机制中可能起重要作用。     

常规组织切片凋亡细胞原位末端标记方法

凋亡是有别于组织坏死的一种细胞死亡方式,多与基因调控的编程性死亡有关。准确地判断细胞凋亡对探讨程序化细胞死亡诱发机制具有重要意义。本文采用Biotin-16-dUTP对凋亡细胞内DNA断裂片段的末端进行标记,可原位检测常规组织切片上的凋亡细胞,方法具有敏感、直观、重复性好等优点。     

新生大鼠窦房结组织、培养细胞的glycogen,LDH和SDH定量形态学研究

本实验采用窦房结细胞纯化培养、ＰＡＳ、Ｐｅａｒｓｏｎ和Ｐｒｅｓｔｏｎ反应以及图像分析等方法,研究了新生ＳＤ大鼠窦房结细胞的糖原（ｇｌｙｃｏｇｅｎ）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）,和乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）的分布和含量。结果显示,在窦房结组织中的糖原（／）与心房中（／）、心室中（）含量近似;ＳＤＨ含量和活性（＋／）与心房中（＋／）几乎相等,但明显低于心室中（／）;ＬＤＨ的含量和活性（／）比心房中（／＋）的稍高,但明显高于心室中（＋／－）。图像分析结果是：培养窦房结细胞ＳＤＨ含量和活性显著低于心室肌细胞中的ＳＤＨ（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而ＬＤＨ含量和活性显著高于心室肌细胞中的ＬＤＨ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本文还对ＳＤＨ、ＬＤＨ在窦房结的分布及生理作用进行了讨论。     

新生大鼠窦房结组织和培养细胞的心钠素(ANF)表达的定量形态学观察

本实验采用窦房结细胞纯化培养、免疫细胞化学、免疫组化、免疫电镜 （ｐＡｇ 技术） 和图像分析等多种方法,研究了新生ＳＤ大鼠窦房结的ＡＮＦ表达。结果提示： 窦房结原位组织和培养细胞的胞浆内均可见ＡＮＦ阳性反应颗粒。培养细胞的核附近电子致密颗粒有１０ｎｍ ＡＮＦ免疫反应的ｐＡｇ 颗粒。窦房结ＡＮＦ的含量和活性明显低于心房 （Ｐ＜ ００１）。本文还对新生鼠窦房结ＡＮＦ的生理作用进行了讨论     

DIFFERENCE IN INDUCTIVE EFFECT OF LIVER TISSUES WITH AND WITHOUT PERISINUSOIDAL BASEMENT MEMBRANE

Differential inductive capacities among liver tissues of several animals were examined by anticipating the correlation between the capacity and the completness of perisinusoidal basement membrane.
The reacting tissue was competent ectoderm of gastrula of Triturus pyrrhogaster , and the inductive effects of livers on the ectoderm were tested by explantation method. The inductive effect of livers being devoid of the membrane (chick and guinea pig) was neural and the tissues having the dense well-developed membrane (reptiles) produced an assembly of neural and meso-dermal tissues, such as notochord and somite or muscle. The livers with the membrane being of intermediate grade of development ( calf, Triturus and mouse) induce mesodermal tissues, but not frequently, together with neural tissue or alone. The liver tissue was more active in mesodermal induction in proportion to the completeness of the perisinusoidal basement membrane.
On the basis of these data the difference in inductive capacity among liver tissues from different kinds of animals were discussed.     

THE GROWTH OF DUCKWEEDS IN MINERAL NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS WITH AND WITHOUT ORGANIC EXTRACTS

1. Detmer''s solution and a modified Knop''s solution are unfavorable culture media for the growth of Spirodela polyrhiza. 2. When the modified Knop''s solution was diluted to 10 times its volume, Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna valdiviana grew and reproduced for periods of 26 months and 21 months, respectively. 3. Growth in the dilute Knop''s solution, which alone can support the growth of Spirodela indefinitely, was considerably stimulated over a period of 23 days by adding to every liter the water-soluble material of 0.4 gm. autolyzed yeast, or the material of 2.5 gm. peat soluble in a 1 per cent solution of NaHCO₃. 4. The nature of the stimulus or of the protection afforded by the organic material is as yet unknown. 5. The necessity of organic accessory foods (auximones) in the nutrition of green plants cannot be accepted as an established fact.     

MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS WITHIN SECTIONS BY QUANTITATIVE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

To apply the method of quantitative electron microscopy to the measurement of mass in thin sections, the thickness of the section at or very near the structure to be studied must be known. Dowex anion exchange resin AG 1 x 2, stained with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) at pH 6.4, was used as a thickness standard which could be embedded and sectioned. The sectioned PTA-Dowex appeared uniformly stained and exhibited suitable electron opacity. The stoichiometry of the reaction between PTA and the Dowex resin was measured by three independent methods based on gravimetric, colorimetric, and nitrogen determinations whose results showed close agreement. From the PTA uptake, the density of the stained spheres was calculated. Mass of a defined area of PTA-Dowex was measured by quantitative electron microscopy, and from this mass and density, the volume and then the thickness were calculated. The values for thickness were compared to those obtained by interference microscopy on the embedding medium alone in the same sections.     

MICROSCOPIC DETERMINATION OF BONE PHOSPHORUS BY QUANTITATIVE AUTORADIOGRAPHY OF NEUTRON-ACTIVATED SECTIONS

Longitudinal sections of human cortical bone were submitted to thermal neutrons. γ-ray spectra were recorded repeatedly during 15 days following irradiation. They showed that Na²⁴ is predominant as early as 3 hours after activation and that all the γ-emitters have decayed on the 15th day. When the γ-rays have disappeared, β-rays are still produced by the sections. It was proved by the absorption curve in aluminium that all these β-rays are issued from the P³² induced in the sections by activation of P³¹. Therefore autoradiograms registered 15 days after activation reveal the distribution of P³² in the sections. γ-ray spectra and β-ray absorption curves of neutron activated sections of ivory demonstrated a mineral composition similar to that of bone. Autoradiograms of ivory sections activated for various times were used to establish the relation between the optical density of the autoradiograms and the radioactivity in P³². When the bone autoradiograms are compared with the ivory standards of known radioactivity, the optical densities of single osteons (Haversian systems), can be related to their phosphorus contents. Autoradiograms and microradiograms of the same sections were examined side by side. The least calcified osteons, that contain 80 per cent of the calcium of the fully calcified osteons, also contain about 80 per cent of the phosphorus of the fully mineralized osteons. It is concluded that the Ca:P ratio remains constant while mineralization of bone tissue is being completed.     

感染日本血吸虫小鼠心房特殊颗粒的形态学观察和定量分析

小鼠感染日本血吸虫尾蚴后第２８天,右心耳心房特殊颗粒数目显著减少,且多见膜溶解、断裂,半月形排空和颗粒膜与横管膜及肌膜靠近、融合及颗粒向横管腔及肌膜下突出的现象。心肌细胞内线粒体有肿胀、基质变浅及部分嵴断裂现象。感染组小鼠右心耳心房特殊颗粒的体密度（０．０３２３±０．００２９μｍ３／μｍ３）、面数密度（０．８６４７±０．０６９２μｍ－２）、数密度（３．２３６３±０．１１１４μｍ－３）及颗粒平均直径（０．２６７１±０．０２０７μｍ）均显著小于对照组的０．０９７１±０．０１２７μｍ３／μｍ３、１．９２１±０．１１４５μｍ－２、０．２１８９±０．０８６６μｍ－３和０．３１０８±０．０１９５μｍ。本文阐述了日本血吸虫感染后,促进心房特殊颗粒释放增加。