镉对豚鼠乳头肌动作电位的影响

目的:研究氯化镉(CdCl2)对正常豚鼠心室乳头肌细胞动作电位(AP)的影响。方法:用常规细胞内微电极方法记录乳头肌细胞AP。结果:在生理条件下,CdCl2可使APo期振幅(APA)和最大除极速率(Vmax)降低,动作电位时程(APD)缩短,且具有剂量依赖性。结论:CdCl2可使心室肌AP的APA、Vmax、APD发生改变,提示CdCl2有抑制Na 、Ca2 内流和激活K 外流作用。     

Ⅰ-磷酸鞘氨醇对豚鼠心室肌动作电位和收缩力的影响

目的研究1-磷酸鞘氨醇(SIP)对豚鼠心室肌动作电位(AP)和心肌收缩力(CF)的影响.方法实验采用标准玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术记录心室肌细胞动作电位(AP)肌力换能器记录心肌收缩力(CF).结果①应用0.1μmol/LSlP后心室肌动作电位幅度(APA)和时程(APD)与应用SIP前比较差异无显著性,而应用1.0μmol/LSlP,10μmol/L SIP后心室肌动作电位的幅度(APA)与应用SIP前比较明显降低而动作电位的时程(APD)与应用SIP前比较明显延长(P＜0.01).②应用1.0μmol/L SIP和10μmol/LSIP后心室肌的CF与给药前相比明显增强(P＜0.01),应用0.1μmol/LSlP后心室肌的CF与给药前比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).而加入SIP特异性G蛋白耦联内皮细胞分化基因(EDG)受体阻断剂苏拉明后,SIP的上述作用与给药前比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论SIP可以降低心室肌动作电位幅值延长动作电位时程,增加心室肌收缩力,并且是通过其特异性的G蛋白耦联内皮细胞分化基因(EDG)受体介导而产生这些作用,有一定的剂量依赖性.     

Effect of a new beta-blocker (CM 6805) on the action potential of guinea pig atrial fiber

CM6804 effect has been studied about some parameters of the intracellular action potential (AP) of guinea pig autorythmic auricle. Auricle was preserved alive under Tyrode oxygenated solution at 37 degrees C. AP is measured by a fluctuating intracellular glass microelectrode. At a concentration of 5 . 10(-5) M, CM doesn't alter the resting membrane potential, it causes a small overshoot reduction, it decreases the maximum depolarization rate and the heart rate, it increases the action potential duration. Overshoot and maximum depolarization rate decrease prove that CM modifies the membrane permeability probably by a diminution of the sodium rapid inward current. CM action is similar to others aryl-oxy-propyl propanolamine like propranolol.     

Depressant action of Ca-antagonists on slow action potentials in guinea pig ventricular muscles

The depressant action of four Ca antagonists, including a novel drug, tiapamil, on Ca channels was investigated using a conventional microelectrode technique. "All or none" slow action potentials were recorded in K+-depolarized guinea-pig papillary muscles. Verapamil and diltiazem decreased the amplitude and maximum rate of rise (Vmax) of the slow action potentials at concentrations up to 2 microM. The depressant effect of a novel Ca-antagonist, tiapamil, on the slow action potentials was as marked as that of verapamil and diltiazem. However, prenylamine was less potent than the other 3 drugs. In addition, the action of all drugs on the slow action potentials was enhanced as the frequency of stimulation was increased between 0.0083 and 1 Hz. It was concluded that tiapamil, as verapamil and diltiazem, produced a frequency-dependent blockade of the slow Ca channel.     

乙酰胆碱对豚鼠心房肌和心室肌的动作电位和收缩力的不同作用

实验采用标准玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术记录心肌细胞动作电位（action potential,AP）、肌力换能器记录心肌收缩力（force contraction,Fc）,研究乙酰胆碱（acetylcholine,ACh）对离体豚鼠心房肌、心室肌的作用。结果表明,10μmol/L ACh可缩短心房肌、心室肌动作电位的时程（action potential duration,APD）。心房肌APD在给药前后分别为208.57±36.05ms及101.78±14.41ms（n=6,P<0.01）,心室肌APD在给药前后分别为286.73±36.11ms及265.16±30.06 ms（n=6,P<0.01）。心房肌动作电位的幅度（action potential amplitude,APA）也降低,给药前后分别为88.00±9.35 mV及62.62±20.50 mV（n=6,P<0.01）,而心室肌APA无明显变化。ACh还降低心房肌、心室肌的收缩力,心房肌、心室肌Fc的抑制率分别为100％（n=6,P<0.01）和37.57±2.58％（n=6,P<0.01）。ACh对心房肌、心室肌APD和Fc的抑制作用在一定范围内（1nmol/L～100μmol/L）随ACh浓度的增高而增强。用Scott法求出ACh对心房肌、心室肌APD缩短作用的KD值,分别为0.275和0.575μmol/L,对Fc抑制作用的KD值分别为0.135和0.676μmol/L。各浓度下ACh对心房肌效应与心室肌效应作组间t检验,从10nmol/L到0.1mmol/L均有显著的统计学差异。此外,10μmol/L阿托品及20mmol/L     

Morphine diesters. I. Synthesis and action on guinea pig ileum

3,6-Dipropanoylmorphine (DPM), 3,6-dibutanoylmorphine (DBM), and 3,6-dihexanoylmorphine (DHM) were prepared as prospective long-acting narcotic analgesics. The purity and structure of these compounds were authenticated by high pressure liquid chromatography and direct probe mass spectrometry. In aqueous solution the stability of the HCI salts of these compounds decreased with increasing alkyl chain length such that DHM underwent rapid hydrolysis to 6-monohexanoylmorphine (MHM). A comparison of DPM, DBM, and MHM with morphine (MO) and 3,6-diacetylmorphine (DAM, heroin) in the electrically stimulated guinea pig ileum myenteric plexus longitudinal muscle strip preparation (GUPIL) revealed similar potencies and efficacies for all compounds, but marked differences in the onset of drug action (MO greater than DAM greater than MHM greater than DPM greater than DBM, faster to slower). In a periodically washed GUPIL preparation DBM and MHM were five times longer acting than MO, DAM or DPM.     

Dynamics of the inward rectifier K+ current during the action potential of guinea pig ventricular myocytes.

The potassium selective, inward rectifier current (IK1) is known to be responsible for maintaining the resting membrane potential of quiescent ventricular myocytes. However, the contribution of this current to the different phases of the cardiac action potential has not been adequately established. In the present study, we have used the action potential clamp (APC) technique to characterize the dynamic changes of a cesium-sensitive (i.e., Ik1) current which occur during the action potential. Our results show that (a) Ik1 is present during depolarization, as well as in the final phase of repolarization of the cardiac action potential. (b) The current reaches the zone of inward-going rectification before the regenerative action potential ensues. (c) The maximal outward current amplitude during repolarization is significantly lower than during depolarization, which supports the hypothesis that in adult guinea pig ventricular myocytes, Ik1 rectification is accentuated during the action potential plateau. Our results stress the importance of Ik1 in the modulation of cell excitability in the ventricular myocyte.     

Modulation of action potential by [Ca2+]i in modeled rat atrial and guinea pig ventricular myocytes

We simulated mechanisms that increase Ca2+ transients with two models: the Luo-Rudy II model for guinea pig (GP) ventricle (GP model) representing long action potential (AP) myocytes and the rat atrial (RA) model exemplifying myocytes with short APs. The interventions were activation of stretch-gated cationic channels, increase of intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i), simulated bet-adrenoceptor stimulation, and Ca2+ accumulation into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In the RA model, interventions caused an increase of AP duration. In the GP model, AP duration decreased except in the simulated beta-stimulation where it lengthened APs as in the RA model. We conclude that the changes in the APs are significantly contributed by the increase of the Ca2+ transient itself. The AP duration is controlled differently in cardiac myocytes with short and long AP durations. With short APs, an increase of the Ca2+ transient promotes an inward current via Na+/Ca2+-exchanger lengthening the AP. This effect is similar regardless of the mechanism causing the increase of the Ca2+ transient. With long APs the Ca2+ transient increase decreases the AP duration via inactivation of the L-type Ca2+ current. However, L-type current increase (as with beta-stimulation) increases the AP duration despite the simultaneous Ca2+ transient augmentation. The results explain the dispersion of AP changes in myocytes with short and long APs during interventions increasing the Ca2+ transients.     

Hypothermic effects on action potential and force production of hedgehog and guinea pig papillary muscles

Action potentials and isometric force were recorded in papillary muscles from guinea pigs and summer hedgehogs at different temperatures between 37 and 0 degrees C. The action potential of the hedgehog was of a lower amplitude (mean 83 +/- 6 mV) than that of the guinea pig (mean 110 +/- 5 mV). The action potential duration at 50% repolarization was 22 +/- 2 msec in the hedgehog as compared to 105 +/- 11 msec in the guinea pig. Moreover, there was no distinct plateau phase of the hedgehog action potential. Lowering temperature prolonged the action potential duration in the two preparations by about the same percentage. However, the guinea pig preparation became progressively less excitable below 20 degrees C. Lowered temperature produced a positive inotropic effect in the guinea pig, whereas this effect was very slight in the hedgehog heart. Postextrasystolic potentiation was seen in the guinea pig but not in the hedgehog preparation. It is suggested that this difference between the preparations may be due to a greater relative amount of activator calcium in the hedgehog heart. The difference in cold tolerance between the preparations may reflect a difference in chemical composition of the sarcolemma.     

Effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide and somatostatin on the motility of guinea pig and canine gallbladder

Species differences have been observed in the effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK OP) on the canine and guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle motility. 1. CCK OP was more potent stimulant in canine than in guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscles. Its pD2 values were 10 and 9.2, respectively. 2. The acetylcholine (10(-4) M)-induced maximum contractions in canine gallbladder muscle strips were by 50% lower as compared to the CCK OP (10(-8) M) maximum responses while in guinea pig gallbladder muscle strips the acetylcholine (ACh) maximum responses were by 20% lower than the CCK OP maximum responses. 3. CCK OP increased [3H]ACh release by 27% in canine gallbladder and by 40% in guinea pig gallbladder. 4. Somatostatin (SOM) had not any direct myogenic effect in guinea pig and canine gallbladder but it decreased [3H]ACh release from gallbladder intrinsic cholinergic neurons.     

三羟异黄酮对豚鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙通道电流的影响

本实验用全细胞膜片钳技术观察三羟异黄酮(genistein,GST)对豚鼠心室肌细胞L-钙通道电流(ICa、L)的影响。结果如下:(1)GST(10、50、100 μmol/L)可浓度依赖性地降低ICa,L(n=6,P<0.01)。GST的非活性结构类似物daidzein(100μmol/L),在同一浓度范围对ICa,L没有影响(n=5,P>0.05)。(2)GST使I-V曲线上移,但对ICa,L的电压依赖特征和最大激活电压无明显影响。(3)GST对ICa,L的激活动力学特性也无影响,但可使钙电流稳态失活曲线左移。V0.5从对照的-28.6±0.6 mV变为-32.8±1.1mV,κ值从对照的5.8±0.5 mV升至6.5±0.9 mV(n=6,P<0.05)。(4)GST明显使复活曲线右移,从而使ICa,L从失活状态下恢复明显减慢(n=7,P<0.01)。(5)酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂正钒酸钠(1 mmol/L)显著对抗GST引起的ICa,L抑制效应(n=6,P<0.01)。根据以上结果得出的结论是:GST抑制ICa,L加速钙通道失活和钙通道在失活状态下恢复减慢;GST对ICa,L的这种抑制作用与蛋白酪氨酸激酶(PTK)抑制有关。     

Effect of ionophore A23187 on the strength of contraction and transmembrane action potential of guinea pig papillary muscle]

Calcium ionophore A23187 being added at 2.5 mM concentration induced 2--3-fold increase of peak contractile force of isolated guinea pig papillary muscle stimulated with the frequency of 0.2 Hz. The increase of force of contraction is not followed by any change in amplitude and duration of membrane action potential. A23187 decreases testing tension as well as duration of the twitch and increases relaxation rate of the muscle. This phenomenon probably reflects increased capability of sarcoplasmic reticulum in the process of calcium ion accumulation. In the presence of ionophore appearance of shoulder on the rising part of the twitch has been registered. In this case the single twitch being differentiated reveals two positive maxima. Addition of D-600 leads to decrease of action potential duration and eliminates the second part of the twitch, the amplitude and the velocity of the first phase of contraction being without change. It was proposed that the first component of the twitch appearing in the presence of A23187 and insensitive to D-600 corresponds to the release of calcium from some intracellular stores.     

雌、孕激素联合应用对豚鼠心室乳头肌细胞动作电位及收缩力的影响

目的:观察不同浓度17β雌二醇(E2)与孕酮(P)联合运用时豚鼠心室乳头肌细胞动作电位及心肌收缩力的影响.方法:采用常规玻璃微电极技术记录豚鼠心室乳头肌细胞动作电位,生理二道记录仪与示波器连接记录收缩力.结果:①E2与P单独作用可使动作电位时程(APD90、APD)延长,APD20缩短,心肌收缩力降低,APA、Vmax降低.②不同浓度E2与P联合应用,P可加强E2的效应.结论:E2与P可能抑制Ca2 通道、K 通道、Na 通道,不同浓度E2与P联合应用,P可加强E2的效应,这种作用可能呈现浓度依赖性,提示在临床应用中加用孕激素应以低浓度为益.     

银杏苦内酯B对缺血豚鼠心室肌动作电位、L-型钙电流和延迟整流钾电流的作用

目的:研究银杏苦内酯B对正常和缺血心室肌细胞动作电位(action potential,AP),L-型钙电流(L-type calcium current,ICa-L)、延迟整流钾电流(Delayed Rectifier Currennt,IK)的影响.方法:用常规细胞内微电极方法记录豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位,用全细胞膜片钳技术记录游离心室肌细胞离子流.结果:①在生理条件下,银杏苦内酯B可缩短心室肌细胞动作电位时程 (action potential duration,APD),但对AP其他参数无影响,银杏苦内酯B可增大IK,呈浓度依赖性,但对ICa-L无显著作用;②在缺血条件下,APD50、APD90明显缩短,RP、APA减小,Vmax减慢,而银杏苦内酯B则可延缓和减轻缺血所引起上述参数的变化;3.在缺血条件下,IK和ICa-L均受到抑制,但加入银杏苦内酯B后可逆转缺血所造成这两种离子流的减小.结论:银杏苦内酯B可对抗心肌缺血所引起的心肌电生理的变化,提示银杏苦内酯B可预防心律失常的发生.