抗坏血酸对植物生长发育的作用及其缺失突变体的研究进展

抗坏血酸（ascorbic acid,AsA）是植物组织内广泛存在的高丰度小分子物质。近年的研究表明它可能通过复杂的信号转导网络来调节植物生长、诱导开花以及延缓衰老。本文介绍了AsA对植物生长发育的作用及其缺失突变体的研究进展,为深入利用AsA缺失突变体来发掘AsA新的生物学功能提供参考。     

根系抗坏血酸在小麦幼苗铝耐性中的作用

以3个铝耐性不同的小麦品种为材料,研究了Al胁迫下小麦幼苗根系质外体和共质体抗坏血酸含量以及抗坏血酸氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的变化。结果显示,Al耐性品种‘Atlas 66’质外体中抗坏血酸总含量随着处理 Al浓度的增加显著升高,而在Al敏感品种‘Scout 66’和‘扬麦9号’中显著降低。同时,‘Atlas 66’质外体中还原型抗坏血酸含量在高浓度Al处理下显著升高,2个敏感品种则在低浓度Al处理下还原型抗坏血酸含量略有升高。耐性品种‘Atlas 66’根系共质体还原型抗坏血酸和抗坏血酸总量在5～40μmol·L-1AlCl3处理下无显著变化,而在 2个敏感品种中则随处理Al浓度的增加显著下降。80μmol·L-1AlCl3处理下‘Atlas 66’根系质外体和共质体抗坏血酸氧化酶以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性与对照相比均无显著变化,而在‘Scout 66’和‘扬麦9号’中则均显著降低。因此Al胁迫下‘Atlas 66’根系质外体抗坏血酸含量的升高和共质体抗坏血酸含量的维持以及Al毒害下抗坏血酸利用率较高可能是其Al耐性的一个重要机制。     

Ascorbic Acid Oxidase: An Enzyme in Search of a Role

Ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) has been fully characterized at molecular level, yet its functional role is unclear. The properties of the enzyme and the main hypotheses on its function are discussed. Recent data and reappraisal of previous observations suggest that AAO could be part of a dynamic mechanism operating whenever plant cells have to control oxygen availability. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Role of Ascorbic Acid in Scavenging Free Radicals and Lead Toxicity from Biosystems

Free radicals are reactive species that are responsible for damaging normal cells and creating diseases in humans. Antioxidants from natural resources or as supplements can scavenge these radicals. A MedLine search indicates that vitamin C is the most investigated antioxidant responsible for the elimination of free radicals. Its chelating property for the removal of neurotoxic lead, which creates oxidative stress in the human biosystem, was investigated and results indicate its great potential as a lead-detoxifying agent.     

Trichilia dregeana胚轴的脱水敏感性与抗坏血酸的抗氧化作用

以顽拗性Trichilia dregeana Sond.种子为材料,研究其胚轴的脱水敏感性与抗坏血酸的抗氧化作用.T.dregeana胚轴的脱水耐性随着脱水进程逐渐下降,50%的胚轴被脱水致死的含水量(W50)大约为0.16 g H2O/g DW.在脱水过程中,胚轴的电解质渗漏速率逐渐增加,超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、谷胱苷肽还原酶(GR)和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)的活性下降,硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)-活性产物的含量增加.2.5～10.0 mmol/L抗坏血酸处理能有效地增加胚轴的脱水耐性和SOD、APX、CAT和GR的活性,降低电解质渗漏速率和TBA活性产物的含量.结果表明,T.dregeana胚轴的脱水耐性与抗氧化酶的活性增加和脂质过氧化作用的降低密切相关.     

Trichiliadregeana胚轴的脱水敏感性与抗坏血酸的抗氧化作用

以顽拗性TrichiliadregeanaSond.种子为材料,研究其胚轴的脱水敏感性与抗坏血酸的抗氧化作用。T.dregeana胚轴的脱水耐性随着脱水进程逐渐下降,50%的胚轴被脱水致死的含水量(W50)大约为0.16gH2O/gDW。在脱水过程中,胚轴的电解质渗漏速率逐渐增加,超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱苷肽还原酶(GR)和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)的活性下降,硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)-活性产物的含量增加。2.5~10.0mmol/L抗坏血酸处理能有效地增加胚轴的脱水耐性和SOD、APX、CAT和GR的活性,降低电解质渗漏速率和TBA活性产物的含量。结果表明,T.dregeana胚轴的脱水耐性与抗氧化酶的活性增加和脂质过氧化作用的降低密切相关。     

Ascorbic Acid in Neural Tissues

Abstract: Large amounts of ascorbic acid were readily removed from neural tissue by washing with warmed saline solutions. In areas where the original level was highest, such as cortex and cerebellum, a higher percentage was removed than from areas of lower concentration, such as pons-medulla. The residual level in both types of tissue was similar. During scurvy, the ascorbic acid retained in the guinea pig brain is more readily removed by washing than is that of the normal brain.     

The Role of Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Peroxidase Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid Catalyzed by Horseradish Peroxidase

We studied stationary kinetics of ascorbic acid oxidation in the presence of indole-3-acetic acid catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. The catalytic (k_cat and K_m) and inhibition (K_i) constants were determined for pH from 4.5 to 7.0. The auxin proved to competitively inhibit the enzyme when a single ascorbic acid molecule is bound, while a non-competitive inhibition by IAA is observed for peroxidase oxidation of two or more substrate molecules. A mechanism of ascorbic acid oxidation in the presence of indole-3-acetic acid is proposed.     

Ascorbic Acid in Mesencephalic Cultures: Effects on Dopaminergic Neuron Development

Ascorbic acid exists in high intracellular concentrations in fetal rat brain. In mesencephalic cultures the cellular ascorbic acid content drops sharply to undetectable levels when no ascorbic acid is added to the medium, thus creating a model of scorbutic neuronal tissue and affording the study of ascorbic acid's effects on mesencephalic cell development and function. Cultures treated with 0.2 mM ascorbic acid were compared with controls (scorbutic cultures) by using morphological and biochemical indices. Ascorbic acid cultures at 7 and 14 days in vitro showed a marked increase in glial proliferation on glial fibrillary acidic protein staining and increased neurite growth and number on tyrosine hydroxylase staining. Significantly higher dopamine uptake and levels of dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were also observed after 7 and 14 days of ascorbic acid treatment. The capacity to accumulate ascorbic acid and the ability to retain the intracellular ascorbic acid developed gradually as the cultures matured. Ascorbic acid reached the embryonal levels by day 14 in vitro. We conclude that although neuronal cultures can survive and grow in the absence of detectable levels of ascorbic acid, its presence exerts a broad effect on dopamine neuron morphology and biochemical functioning either directly or through increased glial proliferation, or possibly both.     

Changes in Ascorbic Acid Content during Growth and Development of Panicum miliaceum

The present paper deals with changes in the ascorbic acid content of the shoot apex during its transformation from the vegetative to the reproductive state and its further development in Panicum miliaceum var. Samai Co. 1. Seedlings were exposed to 24-hour illumination, natural day, and 8 hours of illumination per day. Ascorbic acid was determined for the growing apex, stem, and leaf of the main shoot and for the individual branches produced on it at successive developmental stages.     

Ascorbic Acid in Fetal Rat Brain

Ascorbic acid in fetal rat brain increases from 374 mg/g on the 15th day of gestation to 710 mg/g by the 20th day and remains at that level until birth. There is an 18% drop from this plateau after birth.