Molecular approach of gossypol-induced reproductive toxicity in male rabbits. Changes in seminal plasma amino acids and fatty acids

This study was done to evaluate the effects of two sublethal doses of gossypol (4 and 20 mg/kg of BW, every other day) on some amino and fatty acid concentrations in male rabbit seminal plasma. Rabbits were chosen as an experimental animal owing to the fact that they are excellent model for reproductive toxicological effects. The experiment lasted 16 weeks and included two periods: a treatment period (first 8 weeks) where the animals were given the tested product, and a recovery period (second 8 weeks) where all drugs were withdrawn. Results showed that total amino acids (TAA), total essential amino acids (EAA), total non-essential amino acids (non-EAA) and EAA/non-EAA ratio were decreased in a dose-dependent manner during gossypol treatment. The deleterious effect on TAA concentrations was mainly due to the reduction in total EAA. However, these concentrations regained their normal values after gossypol cessation. Basic, acidic, neutral amino acids and basic/acidic amino acids ratio decreased in a dose-dependent manner by gossypol treatment. Additionally, gossypol administration caused decreases in total unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) and increases in total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the SFA/USFA ratio in a dose-dependent manner. During the recovery period, total SFA and USFA showed significant reduction and significant increase, respectively, after gossypol withdrawal. In conclusion, gossypol administration affected rabbit seminal plasma concentrations of amino and fatty acids in a dose-dependant manner. Gossypol reduced TAA, total EAA and total non-EAA. Additionally, gossypol caused decreases in total USFA and increases in total SFA. These deleterious effects were associated with poor-quality semen observed in our previous studies.     

Pathomorphology of stellate ganglia in thermal injuries of the body

Structural changes of stellate-ganglia in 80 patients aged from 20 to 80 dead in different stages of burn disease (shock, toxemia, septico-toxemia and burn exhaustion) were studied with neurohistological and neurohistochemical methods. It was determined that the increasing of neuron's reactivity was the sign of its changes at the early stages of burn disease. Later hypertrophy, atrophy and neuron's body destruction took place. At the period of burn shock excessively bright luminescence sympathetic neurons prevailed, at the period of toxemia its number decreased. At the period of toxemia and septico-toxemia for the first time it was determined the increase of lipofuscin insertion in adrenergic neurons as well as the increase of the activity not only at the shock period but also at the next periods of burn disease.     

Outcome of scalp donor sites in 450 consecutive pediatric burn patients

The scalp is a useful and reliable donor site in pediatric burn patients that can be multiply harvested with minimal morbidity. Healing complications, however, may include alopecia and chronic folliculitis. To investigate scalp donor-site morbidity, a consecutive series of 2478 pediatric burn patients treated over a 10-year period were reviewed. A total of 450 of these patients had scalp donor sites for wound closure. Percent of total body surface area burned was 46+/-23 percent (mean+/-standard deviation), and the mean number of sequential scalp donor-site harvests was 2.2+/-2 (range, 1 to 10) with mean intervals between harvesting of 6+/-0.6 days. Ten patients (2.2 percent) had related complications. Eight patients developed scalp folliculitis, with Staphylococcus sp as the predominant organism (80 percent). Two patients were managed successfully with wound care alone; the other six patients required surgical debridement and split-thickness skin grafting to achieve wound healing. These eight patients developed varying degrees of alopecia. Two patients developed alopecia without previous folliculitis. Six patients required reconstructive surgery, which consisted of primary closure (3), staged excision (1), and tissue expansion (2). A number of variables were examined to determine any differences in the group that had complications compared with the group of patients that did not. No differences in age, sex, race, burn type, burn size, septic episodes, time to wound closure, or number of times the scalp was harvested were detected. Healed second-degree burns to the scalp that were subsequently taken as donor sites seemed to be a risk factor (p < 0.05) for folliculitis and alopecia. Our study confirms that scalp donor sites are reliable with low morbidity. Complications include alopecia and chronic folliculitis that can be avoided by meticulous technique and avoidance of previously burned areas.     

Southern blot and dot blot hybridisation compared to PCR for the detection of human papillomavirus DNA in biopsies of the uterine cervix from women with dysplasia

The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of Southern blot (SB) and dot blot (DB) hybridisation with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HPV in cervical biopsies from samples with differing histology. One hundred and forty seven women with cervical dysplasia had biopsies performed; one sample was analyzed for HPV DNA from types 6/11, 16, and 18 by SB, DB and PCR (L1 consensus primer and type specific probes) while an adjacent sample was examined histologically. The histology of the samples was normal in 40 (27%), squamous metaplasia in 25 (17%), inflammation 2 (1%) HPV infection 24 (17%), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade I in 11 (7%), CIN II in 18 (12%), CIN III in 22 (15%), while 5 (3%) had invasive cancer. The number of biopsies positive for HPV DNA from types 6/11, 16, and 18, using the different hybridisation methods was 56 (38%) by dot blot, 57 (39%) by Southern blot hybridisation and 66 (45%) by PCR. When the L1 consensus primer was used 100 (68%) specimens were positive by PCR. The sensitivity of SB and DB hybridisation, as compared with PCR (type specific probes 6/11, 16, 18) was greater in biopsies with abnormal histology (histological grades of HPV infection and greater, as a group) (sensitivity of SB 83%, DB 74%) than those with normal and metaplastic change (as a group) (sensitivity of SB 44%, DB 35%) (P < 0.005 for SB and DB) (inflammation excluded from analysis). This study demonstrated that the sensitivity of SB and DB hybridisation, relative to PCR is greater in samples with abnormal histology than in samples with normal histology.     

Effects of intraperitoneally administered lipoic acid,vitamin E,and linalool on the level of total lipid and fatty acids in guinea pig brain with oxidative stress induced by H2O2

The aim of our study was to investigate the protective effects of intraperitoneally-administrated vitamin E, dlalpha lipoic acid, and linalool on the level of total lipid and fatty acid in guinea pig brains with oxidative stress that was induced by H2O2. The total brain lipid content in the H2O2 group decreased when compared to the H2O2 + vitamin E (p<0.05), H2O2+ linalool (p<0.05), ALA (p<0.05), control (p<0.01), linalool (p<0.01), and vitamin E (p<0.01) groups. While the proportion of total saturated fatty acid ( infinity SFA) in the H2O2 group significantly increased (p<0.005) when compared to the vitamin E group, it only slightly increased (p<0.01) when compared to the control and H2O2 + vitamin E groups. The ratio of the total unsaturated fatty acid (infinity USFA) in the H2O2 groups was lower (p<0.05) than the control, vitamin E, and H2O2+ vitamin E groups. The level of the total polyunsaturated fatty acid (infinity USFA) in the H2O2 group decreased in when compared to the control, vitamin E, and H2O2+vitamin E groups. While the proportion of the total w3 (omega 3), w6 (omega 6), and PUFA were found to be lowest in the H2O2 group, they were slightly increased (p<0.05) in the lipoic acid group when compared to the control and H2O2 + lipoic acid groups. However, the level of infinity SFA in the H2O2 group was highest; the level of infinity USFA in same group was lowest. As the proportion of infinity USFA and infinity PUFA were found to be highest in the linalool group, they were decreased in the H2O2 group when compared to the control group. Our results show that linalool has antioxidant properties, much the same as vitamin E and lipoic acid, to prevent lipid peroxidation. Additionally, vitamin E, lipoic acid, and linalool could lead to therapeutic approaches for limiting damage from oxidation reaction in unsaturated fatty acids, as well as for complementing existing therapy for the treatment of complications of oxidative damage.     

Out-of-shape DNA minor groove binders: induced fit interactions of heterocyclic dications with the DNA minor groove

DB921 and DB911 are benzimidazole-biphenyl isomers with terminal charged amidines. DB911 has a central meta-substituted phenyl that gives it a shape similar to those of known minor groove binding compounds. DB921 has a central para-substituted phenyl with a linear conformation that lacks the appropriate radius of curvature to match the groove shape. It is thus expected that DB911, but not DB921, should be an effective minor groove binder, but we find that DB921 not only binds in the groove but also has an unusually high binding constant in SPR experiments (2.9 x 10(8) M(-)(1), vs 2.1 x 10(7) M(-)(1) for DB911). ITC thermodynamic analysis with an AATT sequence shows that the stronger binding of DB921 is due to a more favorable binding enthalpy relative to that of DB911. CD results support minor groove binding for both compounds but do not provide an explanation for the binding of DB921. X-ray crystallographic analysis of DB921 bound to AATT shows that an induced fit structural change in DB921 reduces the twist of the biphenyl to complement the groove, and places the functional groups in position to interact with bases at the floor of the groove. The phenylamidine of DB921 forms indirect contacts with the bases through a bound water. The DB921-water pair forms a curved binding module that matches the shape of the minor groove and provides a number of strong interactions that are not possible with DB911. This result suggests that traditional views of compound curvature required for minor groove complex formation should be reevaluated.     

Prognostic significance of erythroblasts in burns

Changes in hematopoiesis that occur in humans after a burn injury may have important effects on morbidity and mortality. In patients with a variety of severe diseases, the presence of erythroblasts in peripheral blood is known to be indicative of a poor prognosis. However, the prognostic significance of erythroblasts in peripheral blood of burn patients has not yet been estimated. This study included 464 consecutive burn patients, of whom 81 did not survive their injuries (17.5 percent). Together with erythroblasts in blood, data on age, sex, total burn surface area, third-degree burn, inhalation trauma, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and hemoglobin were studied. The mortality rate of patients with erythroblasts in peripheral blood (n = 53) amounted to 56.6 percent (n = 30; total burn surface area, 39 percent), which is significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the mortality rate of patients without erythroblasts (12.4 percent, n = 51; total burn surface area, 18.69 percent). None of the 10 patients with more than 1000 erythroblasts x 10/liter survived. The detection of erythroblasts in the peripheral blood of burn patients is highly predictive of death, with the odds ratio after adjustment for the other known prognostic factors being 8.3 (95 percent confidence interval, 4.5 to 15.3). Erythroblasts were detected for the first time on average 10 +/- 4 days (median, 6 days) after admission and 13 +/- 6 days (median, 7 days) before death. Detection of erythroblasts in burn patients is of high prognostic power with regard to in-hospital mortality, providing physicians with a strong prognostic method with which to identify seriously threatened patients. It seems attractive to think about an incorporation of erythroblasts into further refinements of burn scores.     

Use of cultured fibroblasts in the treatment of burn wounds

This paper deals with the possibility of closing of burn surfaces of skin wounds with cultivation of patients' fibroblasts. Transplantation of cultured fibroblasts was performed in 11 patients with 30-75% of a body surface burned. The results obtained indicate a prospect of this method of burn treatment.     

Characterization of the yam tuber storage proteins from Dioscorea batatas exhibiting unique lectin activities

Four major proteins designated DB1, DB2, DB3, and DB4 were isolated and characterized from the yam tuber Dioscorea batatas. The ratios of their yields were 20:50:20:10. DB1 was a mannose-binding lectin (20 kDa) consisting of 10-kDa subunits and was classified as the monocot mannose-binding lectin family. DB2, accounting for 50% of the total protein, was the storage protein, commonly called dioscorins consisting of a 31-kDa subunit. On the basis of amino acid sequence, DB2 was classified to be dioscorin A. DB3 was a maltose-binding lectin, having an apparent molecular mass of 120 kDa and composed of a 66-kDa subunit and two 31-kDa subunits (DB3S). The 66-kDa subunit was further composed of two 31-kDa subunits (DB3L) cross-linked by disulfide bonds. DB3L and DB3S (242 and 241 amino acid residues, respectively) were homologous with each other with 72% sequence identity. They showed a sequence homology to dioscorin B and dioscorin A from Dioscorea alata, with 90 and 93% identity, respectively, and to carbonic anhydrase from Arabidopsis thaliana with about 45% identity. DB3S had one intrachain disulfide bond located at Cys(28)-Cys(187), whereas DB3L had one interchain disulfide bond (Cys(40)-Cys(40)') in addition to the intrachain disulfide bond (Cys(28)-Cys(188)) to form a 66-kDa subunit. DB1 and DB3 agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes at 2.7 and 3.9 microg/ml, respectively. Despite the structural homology between DB2 and DB3, DB2 had no lectin activity. The 66-kDa subunit itself revealed the full hemagglutinating activity of DB3, indicating that DB3L but not DB3S was responsible for the activity. The hemagglutinating activity of DB3 required Ca(2+) ions and was exclusively inhibited by maltose and oligomaltoses (e.g. maltopentaose and maltohexaose) but not by d-glucose. DB3 could not be classified into any known plant lectin family. DB4 was a chitinase, homologous to an acidic chitinase from Dioscorea japonica. DB1, DB2, and DB3 did not show any activity of carbonic anhydrase, amylase, or trypsin inhibitor activity. These results show that two of the four major proteins isolated from the yam tubers D. batatas have unique lectin activities.     

The adaptive potential of a survival artist: characterization of the in vitro interactions of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites with di-cationic compounds in human fibroblast cell cultures

The impact of di-cationic pentamidine-analogues against Toxoplama gondii (Rh- and Me49-background) was investigated. The 72 h-growth assays showed that the arylimidamide DB750 inhibited the proliferation of tachyzoites of T. gondii Rh and T. gondii Me49 with an IC(50) of 0·11 and 0·13 μM, respectively. Pre-incubation of fibroblast monolayers with 1 μM DB750 for 12 h and subsequent culture in the absence of the drug also resulted in a pronounced inhibiton of parasite proliferation. However, upon 5-6 days of drug exposure, T. gondii tachyzoites adapted to the compound and resumed proliferation up to a concentration of 1·2 μM. Out of a set of 32 di-cationic compounds screened for in vitro activity against T. gondii, the arylimidamide DB745, exhibiting an IC(50) of 0·03 μM and favourable selective toxicity was chosen for further studies. DB745 also inhibited the proliferation of DB750-adapted T. gondii (IC(50)=0·07 μM). In contrast to DB750, DB745 also had a profound negative impact on extracellular non-adapted T. gondii tachyzoites, but not on DB750-adapted T. gondii. Adaptation of T. gondii to DB745 (up to a concentration of 0·46 μM) was much more difficult to achieve and feasible only over a period of 110 days. In cultures infected with DB750-adapted T. gondii seemingly intact parasites could occasionally be detected by TEM. This illustrates the astonishing capacity of T. gondii tachyzoites to adapt to environmental changes, at least under in vitro conditions, and suggests that DB745 could be an interesting drug candidate for further assessments in appropriate in vivo models.     

Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocytes by benzidine-congener-derived azo dyes in the in vitro and in vivo/in vitro assays

The genotoxicity of the benzidine-congener-derived azo dyes. Direct Blue 1 ( DB1 ), Direct Blue 14 ( DB14 ), Direct Brown 95 ( DB95 ), and Direct Red 46 ( DR46 ) was studied in the in vitro and in vivo/in vitro unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assays in primary rat hepatocytes to determine if in vivo metabolism of these compounds was required for induction of UDS. Hepatocytes were isolated, cultured, and treated with the azo dyes and [3H]thymidine (in vitro assay); alternatively, in the in vivo/in vitro assay, rats were intubated with the azo dyes, the hepatocytes isolated at 17 h after dosing and incubated in a medium containing [3H]thymidine. UDS was quantified by an autoradiographic method. None of the azo dyes induced UDS in the in vitro assay. However, DR46 did induce marginal, but significant UDS in 1 experiment (1.2 net grains at 500 micrograms/ml media). No significant UDS was observed when DR46 was tested in a subsequent in vitro assay. In the in vivo/in vitro assay, DB95 (100 mg/kg), DB14 (125 mg/kg), and DR46 (100 mg/kg) induced significant UDS (12, 2.1, and 3.5 net grains, respectively). None of the azo dyes tested was mutagenic in the Salmonella/microsome assay in the presence and absence of rat liver enzymes. Therefore, in vivo reduction of azo dyes, presumably by the gut microflora, is a requirement for the genotoxicity of these azo dyes in the primary rat hepatocyte UDS assay.     

Innervation of the dorsal body cells of Helix aspersa: Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of FMRF amidelike substances in nerves and synapses

In Helix aspersa, single axons or small nerves make synapse-like structures (SLS) with dorsal body (DB) cells. The present immunocytochemical study performed on the DB-containing connective tissue located around the cerebral commissure reveals the presence of FMRFamide-like substances in many nerves of this DB area. The immunogold method coupled with electron microscopy show that among the four observed axon types, only one, containing 95-110 nm granules, is positive for FMRFamide and that most of the SLS between axons and DB cells contain the same immunoreactive granule types. The results support the previously suggested role of FMRFamide-like peptides in the nervous control of DB cells.     

Effects of aromatic cationic molecules on bovine viral diarrhea virus and embryonic development

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been shown to replicate in embryo culture systems and remain associated with bovine embryos developing in vitro. In this study, novel antiviral agents were evaluated for capability to inhibit replication of BVDV without affecting embryonic development. Serial concentrations of 2-[5(6)-{2-imidazolinyl}-2-benzimidazolyl]-5-(4-aminophenyl)furan (DB456) or 2-(4-[2-imidazolinyl]phenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)furan (DB606) were prepared in IVC medium. Then, bovine uterine tubal epithelial cells (UTC) were placed in IVC media with varying concentrations of DB456 or DB606. Within 1h, a genotype I or II strain of BVDV was added to the cultures. Cultures were maintained for 7 days. Infectious virus was quantitated in IVC media collected on days 3 and 7 and in UTC lysates harvested on day 7. The effective antiviral concentrations of DB606 were much lower than effective antiviral concentrations of DB456. In subsequent experiments, IVF presumptive zygotes were cultured in IVC medium with or without DB456 or DB606 at multiple concentrations for 7 days to evaluate effect of the compound on conceptus development. On day 7, stage of embryonic development was observed, and blastocysts were harvested and stained using Hoechst 33342 to enumerate embryonic cells. While DB456 inhibited blastocyst development, DB606 at 20 times the effective antiviral concentration did not hinder blastocyst development or reduce the mean number of cells per blastocyst. These preliminary results indicated that bovine embryo cultures might be safely supplemented with effective concentrations of an antiviral agent.     

Studies on platelet surface carbohydrates in normal and uraemic platelets using 125I-labelled lectins

Binding studies with six different purified 125I-labelled lectins, concanavalin A (con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Ricinus communis agglutinin II (RCA II), Dolichos biflorus (DB), Tetranolobus purpureus (TP) and P-phyto-hemagglutinin (P-PHA), were used to investigate the surface topography of carbohydrates in platelets from uraemic and normal subjects. Compared with normal the uraemic platelets, bear significantly decreased (more than 2.5-fold) numbers of receptors for P-PHA (N-acetyl D-galactosamine specificity) and Con A (specificity glucose, mannose). The number of WGA, RCA, II, DB and TP receptors in uraemic platelets did not differ from the number in normal platelets. Binding studies with 125I-labelled lectins provide further evidence of molecular defects in uraemic platelets. Moreover, this method might provide a fast and reliable technique for identifying abnormalities in the surface topography of carbohydrates on platelets in several pathological states.     

Dense bodies of human cytomegalovirus induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in the absence of viral gene expression

Infection of fibroblast cell cultures with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) leads to the production of significant amounts of defective enveloped particles, termed dense bodies (DB). These noninfectious structures contain major antigenic determinants which are responsible for induction of both the humoral and the cellular immune response against HCMV. We tested the hypothesis that, by virtue of their unique antigenic and structural properties, DB could induce a significant immune response in the absence of infectious virus. Mice were immunized with gradient-purified DB, which were either left untreated or subjected to sequential rounds of sonication and freeze-thawing to prevent cellular entry. Titers of neutralizing antibodies induced by DB were in a range comparable to levels present in convalescent human sera. The virus-neutralizing antibody response was surprisingly durable, with neutralizing antibodies detected 12 months following primary immunization. The HCMV-specific major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytolytic T-cell (CTL) response was assayed using mice transgenic for the human HLA-A2 molecule. Immunization with DB led to high levels of HCMV-specific CTL in the absence of de novo viral protein synthesis. Maximal total cytolytic activity in mice immunized with DB was nearly as efficient as the cytolytic activity induced by a standard immunization with murine cytomegalovirus. Furthermore, DB induced a typical T-helper 1 (Th1)-dominated immune response in mice, as determined by cytokine and immunoglobulin G isotype analysis. Induction of humoral and cellular immune responses was achieved without the concomitant use of adjuvant. We thus propose that DB can serve as a basis for the future development of a recombinant nonreplicating vaccine against HCMV. Finally, such particles could be engineered for efficient delivery of antigens from other pathogens to the immune system.     

In vitro effect of fungal cyclodepsipeptides on leukemic cells: study of destruxins A, B and E.

The activities of three mycotoxins isolated from the hyphomycete Metarhizium anisopliae: destruxin A, B, and E (DA, DB and DE) are described and compared in vitro on leukemic cells. Their antitumor effect was investigated by flow cytometry on growth, cell viability and cell cycle perturbation 48 h after destruxin exposure. Against P388 leukemic cells, DE displayed greater antiproliferative activity than DA and DB. The minimum concentration required to inhibit 50% of cell proliferation is 0.33 microgram/ml for DE, 11.7 micrograms/ml for DA and 9.4 micrograms/ml for DB. Cell cycle modifications were only observed with DE at 50 and 10 micrograms/ml and consisted in an accumulation of the cells in G0/1 phase. DA and DB did not modify the number of cells in G0/1 of the cell cycle. Nevertheless a decrease in the number of cells in G2+M phase was induced by the three destruxins.     

伊曲康唑治疗严重烧伤患者真菌感染的疗效分析

目的 评价伊曲康唑治疗严重烧伤患者真菌感染的疗效及其安全性。方法 采用开放、随机研究单组评估设计,治疗前2d：伊曲康唑注射液2次／d,间隔12h,200mg／次。此后1次／d,剂量200mg,间隔24h,1疗程14d。试验结束后口服伊曲康唑口服液维持治疗至少4周,2次／d,200mg／次。结果 伊曲康唑治疗23例严重烧伤患者总有效率为60．87％;本组86．96％的患者临床疗效为改善;63．64％的患者真菌学疗效为真菌清除;8．70％和52．17％的患者综合疗效分别为痊愈和显效,未发生不良反应。结论 伊曲康唑治疗严重烧伤患者真菌感染有良好的疗效、不良反应少。     

A Systems Biology-Based Approach to Uncovering the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Dragon's Blood Tablet in Colitis,Involving the Integration of Chemical Analysis,ADME Prediction,and Network Pharmacology

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the oldest East Asian medical systems. The present study adopted a systems biology-based approach to provide new insights relating to the active constituents and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of dragon''s blood (DB) tablets for the treatment of colitis. This study integrated chemical analysis, prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), and network pharmacology. Firstly, a rapid, reliable, and accurate ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method was employed to identify 48 components of DB tablets. In silico prediction of the passive absorption of these compounds, based on Caco-2 cell permeability, and their P450 metabolism enabled the identification of 22 potentially absorbed components and 8 metabolites. Finally, networks were constructed to analyze interactions between these DB components/metabolites absorbed and their putative targets, and between the putative DB targets and known therapeutic targets for colitis. This study provided a great opportunity to deepen the understanding of the complex pharmacological mechanisms underlying the effects of DB in colitis treatment.     

重症监护室烧伤感染患者脓毒症的病原菌分布及影响因素研究

目的:探讨重症监护室(ICU)烧伤感染患者脓毒症的发生情况及病原菌分布,并分析其危险因素,为防治ICU烧伤感染患者脓毒症提供理论依据。方法:收集我院2016年7月-2019年7月期间的86例ICU烧伤感染患者的临床资料,依据是否发生脓毒症,将其分为脓毒症组和非脓毒症组,比较两组的基本资料等情况,分析ICU烧伤感染患者脓毒症的发生率及病原菌分布,并分析ICU烧伤感染患者脓毒症发生的影响因素。结果:86例ICU烧伤感染患者中有33例发生脓毒症,发生率为38.37%;ICU烧伤感染患者脓毒症病原菌主要是革兰阴性杆菌(占54.55%),其次是革兰阳性球菌(占42.42%);单因素结果分析发现,烧伤至入院时间、合并糖尿病、吸入性损伤、首次手术时间以及烧伤面积与ICU烧伤感染患者脓毒症的发生有关(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析发现,首次手术时间>2d、TBSA>50%是ICU烧伤感染患者脓毒症发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:ICU烧伤感染患者易发生脓毒症,首次手术时间>2d以及TBSA>50%是其发生的独立危险因素,临床应采取针对性预防措施,以降低ICU烧伤感染患者脓毒症发生率。     

Reconstruction of the burned palm: full-thickness versus split-thickness skin grafts--long-term follow-up

The long-term results of full-thickness (N = 11) and split-thickness (N = 14) skin grafts for reconstitution of the palmar surface following release of palmar burn scar contractures in pediatric patients are compared. Patients treated with full-thickness skin grafts required 1.2 +/- 0.4 operations (mean +/- SD). Patients treated with split-thickness skin grafts required 1.3 +/- 0.6 operations (mean +/- SD). No significant difference in the number of operative procedures was noted. No functional difference existed between the two groups. The use of split-thickness skin grafts provided comparable function without increased operative procedures and was less deforming. Increased use of split-thickness skin grafts following release of palmar burn scar contractures in pediatric patients should be considered.