半红树植物黄槿的气体交换特性

半红树植物是一类既可在海岸潮间带又可在陆地生长和繁殖的海陆两栖植物。夏季强光和高温是海岸带生境突出的特点,半红树植物如何在这样的自然生境中生存和繁衍是值得探讨的问题。该研究以具有较高应用价值的锦葵科(Malvaceae)木槿属(Hibiscus)的常绿半红树植物黄槿(H.tiliaceus)作为研究对象,采用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统(Li-Cor Inc.,USA)对南亚热带气候条件下的广东省珠海淇澳岛红树林自然保护区自然生长的黄槿在夏季高温季节的叶片气体交换特性进行测定,探讨了其在自然生境下的光合行为和相关的形态解剖特征,揭示其生境适应性的光合生理生态机制。结果表明:(1)黄槿净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度和蒸腾速率的日变化均表现为单峰型曲线,中午未出现明显光抑制现象。(2)黄槿较高的净光合速率与其较高的气孔导度相关,而后者则可能与其较大的气孔密度和具有表皮毛等叶片解剖结构特征有关。(3)黄槿光饱和点、光补偿点、最大净光合速率和日均净光合速率均符合阳生植物特征,因而是一种阳生性树种。以上结果说明黄槿在自然环境中具有的快速生长特性可能与其较强和较稳定的光合能力有关,该研究结果为深入揭示黄槿以及其他半红树植物适应海岸带高温强光生境的生理生态机制提供了基础数据,为黄槿的合理栽培及造林实践提供了理论参考。     

南海半红树植物黄槿内源真菌GT20036029代谢产物研究

应用多种色谱技术从半红树药用植物黄槿内生真菌GT20036029中分离得到9个化合物,通过波谱学方法并与已知化合物数据作比较,鉴定它们分别为N-(2-羟基苯乙基)乙酰胺(1)、环(L-脯氨酸-D-异亮氨酸)(2)、环(L-亮氨酸-L-脯氨酸)(3)、环(D-亮氨酸-L-脯氨酸)(4)、环(亮氨酸-酪氨酸)(5)、环(苯丙氨酸-丝氨酸)(6)、脑苷脂B(7)、(25S)-纽替皂苷元-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)和(25S)-异纽替皂苷元-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9)。化合物1为首次从海洋真菌代谢产物中分离得到。化合物8显示了较好的肿瘤细胞生长抑制活性。     

Ecological and biological characteristics of Hibiscus tiliaceus, a mangrove associate in China

黄槿是一种具有重要生态、药用和观赏价值的半红树植物,在海岸生态系统中发挥重要作用.对其生态及生物学特性进行研究表明:黄槿属典型阳生性植物,具有较高的光合潜能,适于在热带亚热带地区光照充足的环境中生长.其叶绿素荧光的光合电子传递速率-光响应曲线(RLC)显示,黄槿的相对电子传递速率(rETR)随光合有效辐射(PAR)的升高而逐渐增加,并在PAR 2 751 μmolm-2s-1时达到最大值,说明其光合系统II在强光照下也能保持较高的电子传递效率.黄槿叶绿素荧光参数显示其具有较高的能量利用效率,叶绿素a/b值(2.44∶1)略低于理论值(3∶1).黄槿对营养元素的利用率较高,植株体内N、P、K、Ca、Na、Mg的加权平均养分含量分别为1.23%、0.23%、1.34%、0.42%、0.24%、0.41%.P含量偏低,在其栽培过程中应及时补充P元素.该研究结果将对黄槿的引种、栽培及开发利用提供重要的理论依据.     

半红树植物黄槿内生菌及其代谢产物的研究进展

黄槿(Hibiscus tiliaceus)为锦葵科(Malvaceae)木槿属(Hibiscus)泛热带的半红树植物,具有清热止咳、解毒消肿等功效.黄槿内生菌可产生与宿主植物相同或相似的化学结构,且其代谢产物中含有结构新奇的活性分子.目前,从黄槿内生菌中分离鉴定出多种内生菌种类,包括赤散囊菌(Eurotium rub...     

刺梨的生态生物学特性及其开发利用前景

刺梨是一笔埋藏在农村的巨大财富。开发利用刺梨资源具有显著的生态效益和经济效益。为了振兴农村经济 ,笔者在四川省内的南充县、岳池县、武胜县、广安县、潼南县、黑水县、汶川县、华蓥市等地区作了部分调查 ,以期能对刺梨的开发利用提供一些生态依据。1　刺梨的生态生物学特性刺梨 ,又名木梨子 ,学名叫缫丝花 (Rosa RoxburghiiTratt.) ,是蔷薇科落叶灌木 ,高可达 2 .5m,羽状复叶互生 ,小叶 9～ 15片 ,小枝上常着生成对皮刺 ,花大 ,粉红色 ,1～ 2朵着生于 2年生小枝顶端 ,花期 5～ 6月 ,8月下旬果实成熟。瘦果生于膨大的花托内部。刺梨…     

海南椴生态生物学特性初步研究

海南椴是我国特有珍贵树种,广西第一批保护植物,仅分布在海南和广西南部局部地区;热带性树种,喜光耐旱,对土壤适应性强。引种试验表明,能耐－６℃低温,种子场圃发芽率８０％以上。实生苗六年生便开花结果。     

珍稀植物景东报春的地理分布和生态生物学特性

Primula interjacens Chen, an endemic and rare species to China, is restrictively distributed in Mt. Wuliangshan of Yunnan Province. Only three populations are found. The species has been fallen into endangered condition. Its present state of distribution, biological and ecological characteristics are investigated. In addition, the factors causing this species endangered and conservation strategies are analyzed briefly.     

西沙群岛银毛树(Tournefortia argentea)的生态生物学特性

银毛树(Tournefortia argentea)为紫草科紫丹属常绿小乔木或灌木,是东半球热带海岸和海岛常见的先锋植物,具有重要的生态价值、观赏价值和食用价值。为掌握银毛树对热带珊瑚岛环境的生态适应机理,为其保护和开发利用提供基础资料,该研究以西沙群岛东岛自然生长的银毛树为对象,对其形态解剖结构、生理学特征、叶片营养元素和根际土壤的理化性质等进行了分析。结果表明:(1)银毛树具有叶表面气孔密度低、比叶面积小、海绵组织发达、枝条的空腔比高等特点,有较好的储水抗旱能力。(2)银毛树叶片表面有厚密白色绢毛覆盖,可以反射强光、降低水分散失,有利于其适应强光和干旱环境。(3)银毛树叶片的脯氨酸含量较高,能够很好地抵抗渗透胁迫,为细胞提供良好的生存环境。(4)银毛树生长的土壤呈强碱性,养分和水分含量较低,但其叶片营养元素含量正常,表明其对土壤养分的利用率高,能够很好地适应瘠薄的土壤环境。(5)银毛树木质部密度低,枝干脆弱易折,可防止被大台风连根拔起,同时枝干含水丰富,有利于其抵抗台风及树冠的快速恢复。因此,银毛树能较好适应干旱、强光和瘠薄的滨海沙滩环境,在热带珊瑚岛(礁)或滨海地区防风固沙及植被恢复方面有较好的应用前景。     

广西特有保护植物——小花异裂菊生态生物学特性研究初报

小花异裂菊为我国珍稀濒危保护植物,目前仅知分布于广西阳朔县境内的石灰岩山上,种群个体数量很少,两个分布点共有六十四株,处亍濒危状态。本文对小花异裂菊的分布现状、生态环境和生物学特性作初步的报道,     

Genetic diversity of Hibiscus tiliaceus (Malvaceae) in China assessed using AFLP markers

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to investigate the genetic variations within and among nine natural populations of Hibiscus tiliaceus in China. DNA from 145 individuals was amplified with eight primer pairs. No polymorphisms were found among the 20 samples of a marginal population of recent origin probably due to a founder effect. Across the other 125 individuals, 501 of 566 bands (88.5%) were polymorphic, and 125 unique AFLP phenotypes were observed. Estimates of genetic diversity agreed with life history traits of H. tiliaceus and geographical distribution. AMOVA analysis revealed that most genetic diversity resided within populations (84.8%), which corresponded to results reported for outcrossing plants. The indirect estimate of gene flow based on phiST was moderate (Nm=1.395). Long-distance dispersal of floating seeds and local environments may play an important role in shaping the genetic diversity of the population and the genetic structure of this species.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in the sea hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus L., Malvaceae) and related hibiscus species

Microsatellite loci were isolated from the sea hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus L., Malvaceae), a pantropical plant with sea‐drifted seeds. This study describes six dinucleotide microsatellite loci for which the primers produced clear and polymorphic amplification patterns with different levels of variability (between three and nine alleles). Six markers were amplified in four other species of hibiscus, greatly increasing the utility of these markers.     

Gene flow and population subdivision in a pantropical plant with sea-drifted seeds Hibiscus tiliaceus and its allied species: evidence from microsatellite analyses

The genetic differentiation and structure of Hibiscus tiliaceus , a pantropical plant with sea-drifted seeds, and four allied species were studied using six microsatellite markers. A low level of genetic differentiation was observed among H. tiliaceus populations in the Pacific and Indian Ocean regions, similar to the results of a previous chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) study. Frequent gene flow by long-distance seed dispersal is responsible for species integration of H. tiliaceus in the wide distribution range. On the other hand, highly differentiated populations of H. tiliaceus were detected in West Africa, as well as of Hibiscus pernambucensis in southern Brazil. In the former populations, the African continent may be a geographical barrier that prevents gene flow by sea-drifted seeds. In the latter populations, although there are no known land barriers, the bifurcating South Equatorial Current at the north-eastern horn of Brazil can be a potential barrier to gene flow and may promote the genetic differentiation of these populations. Our results also suggest clear species segregation between H. tiliaceus and H. pernambucensis , which confirms the introgression scenario between these two species that was suggested by a previous cpDNA study. Our results also provide good evidence for recent transatlantic long-distance seed dispersal by sea current. Despite the distinct geographical structure observed in the cpDNA haplotypes, a low level of genetic differentiation was found between Pacific and Atlantic populations of H. pernambucensis , which could be caused by transisthmian gene flow.     

Stomatal,biochemical and morphological factors limiting photosynthetic gas exchange in the mangrove associate Hibiscus tiliaceus under saline and arid environment

The effect of salinity on leaf area and the relative accumulation of Na⁺ and K⁺ in leaves of the mangrove associate Hibiscus tiliaceus were investigated. Photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics were also examined under arid and non-arid leaf conditions at 0, 10, 20 and 30‰ substrate salinity. At salinities ≥ 40‰, plants showed complete defoliation followed by 100% mortality within 1 week. Salinities ≤ 30‰ were negatively correlated with the total leaf area per plant (r² = 0.94). The reduction in the total plant leaf area is attributed to the reduction in the area of individual leaves (r² = 0.94). Selective uptake of K⁺ over Na⁺ declined sharply with increasing salinity, where K⁺/Na⁺ ratio was reduced from 6.37 to 0.69 in plants treated with 0 and 30‰, respectively. Under non-arid leaf condition, increasing salinity from 0 to 30‰ has significantly reduced the values of the intrinsic components of photosynthesis V_c,max (from 50.4 to 18.4 μmol m⁻² s^-1), J_max (from 118.0 to 33.8 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹), and V_TPU (from 6.90 to 2.30 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹), while stomatal limitation to gas phase conductance (S_L) increased from 14.6 to 38.4%. Water use efficiency (WUE) has subsequently doubled from 3.20 for the control plants to 8.93 for 30‰ treatment. Under arid leaf conditions, the stomatal factor (S_L) was more limiting to photosynthesis than its biochemical components (73.4 to 26.6%, respectively, at 30‰). It is concluded that salinity causes a drastic decline in photosynthetic gas exchange in H. tiliaceus leaves through its intrinsic and stomatal components, and that the apparent phenotypic plasticity represented by the leaf area modulation is unlikely to be the mechanism by which H. tiliaceus avoids salt stress.     

Stomatal,biochemical and morphological factors limiting photosynthetic gas exchange in the mangrove associate Hibiscus tiliaceus under saline and arid environment

The effect of salinity on leaf area and the relative accumulation of Na⁺ and K⁺ in leaves of the mangrove associate Hibiscus tiliaceus were investigated. Photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics were also examined under arid and non-arid leaf conditions at 0, 10, 20 and 30‰ substrate salinity. At salinities ≥ 40‰, plants showed complete defoliation followed by 100% mortality within 1 week. Salinities ≤ 30‰ were negatively correlated with the total leaf area per plant (r² = 0.94). The reduction in the total plant leaf area is attributed to the reduction in the area of individual leaves (r² = 0.94). Selective uptake of K⁺ over Na⁺ declined sharply with increasing salinity, where K⁺/Na⁺ ratio was reduced from 6.37 to 0.69 in plants treated with 0 and 30‰, respectively. Under non-arid leaf condition, increasing salinity from 0 to 30‰ has significantly reduced the values of the intrinsic components of photosynthesis V_c,max (from 50.4 to 18.4 μmol m⁻² s^-1), J_max (from 118.0 to 33.8 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹), and V_TPU (from 6.90 to 2.30 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹), while stomatal limitation to gas phase conductance (S_L) increased from 14.6 to 38.4%. Water use efficiency (WUE) has subsequently doubled from 3.20 for the control plants to 8.93 for 30‰ treatment. Under arid leaf conditions, the stomatal factor (S_L) was more limiting to photosynthesis than its biochemical components (73.4 to 26.6%, respectively, at 30‰). It is concluded that salinity causes a drastic decline in photosynthetic gas exchange in H. tiliaceus leaves through its intrinsic and stomatal components, and that the apparent phenotypic plasticity represented by the leaf area modulation is unlikely to be the mechanism by which H. tiliaceus avoids salt stress.     

Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Hibiscus glaber Matsum. ex Nakai, an endemic tree species of the oceanic Bonin Islands, Japan

Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for Hibiscus glaber, an endemic tree of the Bonin Islands. Eighty-seven of the 208 sequences from an enriched library were unique and containing microsatellites. Ten loci were proved to be highly polymorphic among 78 individuals from the Nishi-jima Island. Total exclusionary powers for the first and the second parents were 99.989% and 99.999%, respectively. Nine loci also amplified single fragment from genomic DNA of H. tiliaceus, a related and widespread congener. Our markers can be reliably used for the estimation of current gene flow within/among populations of the two woody Hibiscus species.