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1.
Pan H Feng J Cerniglia CE Chen H 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2011,38(10):1729-1738
Azo dyes are widely used in the plastic, paper, cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Some metabolites of these
dyes are potentially genotoxic. The toxic effects of azo dyes and their potential reduction metabolites on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA 1556 were studied. When the cultures were incubated with 6, 18, and 36 μg/ml of Orange II and Sudan III for 48 h,
76.3, 68.5, and 61.7% of Orange II and 97.8, 93.9, and 75.8% of Sudan III were reduced by the bacterium, respectively. In
the presence of 36 μg/ml Sudan III, the cell viability of the bacterium decreased to 61.9% after 48 h of incubation, whereas
the cell viability of the control culture without the dye was 71.5%. Moreover, the optical density of the bacterial cultures
at 10 h decreased from 0.74 to 0.55, indicating that Sudan III is able to inhibit growth of the bacterium. However, Orange
II had no significant effects on either cell growth or cell viability of the bacterium at the tested concentrations. 1-Amino-2-naphthol,
a metabolite common to Orange II and Sudan III, was capable of inhibiting cell growth of the bacterium at 1 μg/ml and completely
stopped bacterial cell growth at 24–48 μg/ml. On the other hand, the other metabolites of Orange II and Sudan III, namely
sulfanilic acid, p-phenylenediamine, and aniline, showed no significant effects on cell growth. p-Phenylenediamine exhibited a synergistic effect with 1-amino-2-naphthol on cell growth inhibition. All of the dye metabolites
had no significant effects on cell viability of the bacterium. 相似文献
2.
Jinchun Sun Jinshan Jin Richard D. Beger Carl E. Cerniglia Huizhong Chen 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2017,44(10):1471-1481
Dyes containing one or more azo linkages are widely applied in cosmetics, tattooing, food and drinks, pharmaceuticals, printing inks, plastics, leather, as well as paper industries. Previously we reported that bacteria living on human skin have the ability to reduce some azo dyes to aromatic amines, which raises potential safety concerns regarding human dermal exposure to azo dyes such as those in tattoo ink and cosmetic colorant formulations. To comprehensively investigate azo dye-induced toxicity by skin bacteria activation, it is very critical to understand the mechanism of metabolism of the azo dyes at the systems biology level. In this study, an LC/MS-based metabolomics approach was employed to globally investigate metabolism of azo dyes by Staphylococcus aureus as well as their effects on the metabolome of the bacterium. Growth of S. aureus in the presence of Sudan III or Orange II was not affected during the incubation period. Metabolomics results showed that Sudan III was metabolized to 4-(phenyldiazenyl) aniline (48%), 1-[(4-aminophenyl) diazenyl]-2-naphthol (4%) and eicosenoic acid Sudan III (0.9%). These findings indicated that the azo bond close to naphthalene group of Sudan III was preferentially cleaved compared with the other azo bond. The metabolite from Orange II was identified as 4-aminobenzene sulfonic acid (35%). A much higher amount of Orange II (~90×) was detected in the cell pellets from the active viable cells compared with those from boiled cells incubated with the same concentration of Orange II. This finding suggests that Orange II was primarily transported into the S. aureus cells for metabolism, instead of the theory that the azo dye metabolism occurs extracellularly. In addition, the metabolomics results showed that Sudan III affected energy pathways of the S. aureus cells, while Orange II had less noticeable effects on the cells. In summary, this study provided novel information regarding azo dye metabolism by the skin bacterium, the effects of azo dyes on the bacterial cells and the important role on the toxicity and/or inactivation of these compounds due to microbial metabolism. 相似文献
3.
Biosorption is an eco-friendly and cost-effective method for treating the dye house effluents. Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp. were cultivated in bulk and biomasses used as biosorbents for the biosorption of an azo dye Orange G. Batch biosorption
studies were performed for the removal of Orange G from aqueous solutions by varying the parameters like initial aqueous phase
pH, biomass dosage, and initial dye concentration. It was found that the maximum biosorption was occurred at pH 2. Experimental
data were analyzed by model equations such as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and it was found that both the isotherm models
best fitted the adsorption data. The monolayer saturation capacity was 0.48 mg/g for Aspergillus niger and 0.45 mg/g for Trichoderma sp. biomasses. The biosorption kinetic data were tested with pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order rate equations, and
it was found that the pseudo second-order model fitted the data well for both the biomasses. The rate constant for the pseudo
second-order model was found to be 10–0.8 (g/mg min−1) for Aspergillus niger and 8–0.4 (g/mg min−1) for Trichoderma sp. by varying the initial dye concentrations from 5 to 25 mg/l. It was found that the biomass obtained from Aspergillus niger was a better biosorbent for the biosorption of Orange G dye when compared to Trichoderma sp. 相似文献
4.
Berbert-Molina MA Prata AM Pessanha LG Silveira MM 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2008,35(11):1397-1404
The kinetic and general growth features of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis were evaluated. Initial glucose concentration (S
0) in fermentation media varied from 10 to 152 g/l. The results afforded to characterize four morphologically and physiologically
well-defined culture phases, independent of S
0 values: Phase I, vegetative growth; Phase II, transition to sporulation; Phase III, sporulation; and Phase IV, spores maturation
and cell lysis. Important process parameters were also determined. The maximum specific growth rates (μ
X,m) were not affected with S
0 up to 75 g/l (1.0–1.1 per hour), but higher glucose concentrations resulted in growth inhibition by substrate, revealed by
a reduction in μ
X,m values. These higher S
0 values led to longer Phases III and IV and delayed sporulation. Similar biomass concentrations (X
m = 15.2–15.9 g/l) were achieved with S
0 over 30.8 g/l, with increasing residual substrate, suggesting a limitation in some other nutrients and the use of glucose
to form other metabolites. In this case, with S
0 from 30.8 to 152 g/l, cell yield (Y
X/S
) decreased from 0.58 to 0.41 g/g. On the other hand, with S
0 = 10 g/l growth was limited by substrate, and Y
X/S
has shown its maximum value (0.83 g/g). 相似文献
5.
Tashiro Y Kaneko W Sun Y Shibata K Inokuma K Zendo T Sonomoto K 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2011,89(6):1741-1750
We isolated and characterized a d-lactic acid-producing lactic acid bacterium (d-LAB), identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis QU 41. When compared to Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens JCM 1166 T and L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis JCM 1248 T, which are also known as d-LAB, the QU 41 strain exhibited a high thermotolerance and produced d-lactic acid at temperatures of 50 °C and higher. In order to optimize the culture conditions of the QU 41 strain, we examined
the effects of pH control, temperature, neutralizing reagent, and initial glucose concentration on d-lactic acid production in batch cultures. It was found that the optimal production of 20.1 g/l d-lactic acid was acquired with high optical purity (>99.9% of d-lactic acid) in a pH 6.0-controlled batch culture, by adding ammonium hydroxide as a neutralizing reagent, at 43 °C in MRS
medium containing 20 g/l glucose. As a result of product inhibition and low cell density, continuous cultures were investigated
using a microfiltration membrane module to recycle flow-through cells in order to improve d-lactic acid productivity. At a dilution rate of 0.87 h−1, the high cell density continuous culture exhibited the highest d-lactic acid productivity of 18.0 g/l/h with a high yield (ca. 1.0 g/g consumed glucose) and a low residual glucose (<0.1 g/l)
in comparison with systems published to date. 相似文献
6.
The effect of manganese and selected synthetic dyes on the production of manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) by Irpex lacteus immobilized on polyurethane foam was studied. In the cultures grown in a medium containing 65 μM Mn (II), up to three various
isoenzymes of MnP were resolved by isolectrofocusing, with pI values within the range of 3.50–6.04. In the cultures grown
in a medium containing 2.9 mM Mn (II), two new MnP isoforms (pI 3.28, 3.75) were produced. The addition of structurally different
synthetic dyes, an azo dye Reactive Orange 16 (RO16), an anthraquinonic dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR), and a triphenylmethane
dye Bromophenol Blue (BPB), to the fungal cultures grown in the presence of high manganese inhibited the production of low
pI MnP isoforms. However, in the presence of BPB a new MnP isoform with pI 5.67 was detected. BPB was found to induce MnP
isoforms which are more effective in RBBR decolorization in vitro than the low pI isoforms present in the control cultures. 相似文献
7.
Hongzhen Zhang Fengli Zhang Zhiyong Li 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(7):1267-1274
Gene cloning, optimized production and property of marine lipase from Bacillus pumilus B106 associated with South China Sea sponge Halichondria rugosa were investigated in this paper. A lipase gene with whole ORF encoding 215 amino acids was obtained by PCR, protein domain
prediction suggested that the deduced lipase belongs to α/β hydrolases family. Based on single factor Seriatim-Factorial test
and Plackett–Burman experimental design, the optimal medium consisted of (per l) 12.5 ml maize oil, 5.0 g beef extract, 2.0 g
PO4
3− (0.6 g KH2PO4, 1.4 g K2HPO4), 17.15 g Mg2+, 5.0 g yeast extract, 2.282 g CaCl2 and 5.0 ml Tween80 with artificial sea water. Using this optimum medium, lipase activity and cell concentration were increased
by 3.54- and 1.31-fold over that of the basal medium, respectively. This lipase showed tolerance to high salinity, pH and
temperature. About 10–20% methanol exhibited a stimulatory effect on the lipase activity, while activity was inhibited by
30–40% methanol, 2-propanol, DMSO, and ethanol. This study provides a valuable resource for marine lipase production and extends
our understanding of the possible role of sponge-associated bacteria in the biotransformation of chemical compounds for the
sponge host. 相似文献
8.
Golowczyc MA Gerez CL Silva J Abraham AG De Antoni GL Teixeira P 《Biotechnology letters》2011,33(4):681-686
Survival of two Lactobacillus kefir strains after spray drying in reconstituted skim milk with or without the addition of 12.5 g monosodium glutamate/l, 20 g
sucrose/l, or 20 g fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS)/l and during subsequent storage under different conditions of temperature
(20 and 30°C) and relative humidity (RH) (0, 11 and 23%) was evaluated. After being dried, L. kefir 8321 and L. kefir 8348 had a decrease in viability of 0.29 and 0.70 log cfu/ml respectively, while the addition of different protectants improved
the survival of both strains significantly. During storage, bacterial survival was significantly higher under lower conditions
of RH (0–11%), and monosodium glutamate and FOS proved to be the best protectants. 相似文献
9.
10.
Aspergillus sojae B-10 was immobilized and used to treat model dye compounds. The model wastewater, containing 10 ppm of azo dyes such as Amaranth,
Sudan III, and Congo Red, was treated with cells attached to a rotating disc contactor (RDC). Amaranth was decolorized more
easily than were Sudan III and Congo Red. Decolorization of Amaranth began within a day, and the dye was completely decolorized
within 5 days of incubation. Both Sudan III and Congo Red were almost completely decolorized after 5 days of incubation. Semicontinuous
decolorization of azo by reusing attached mycelia resulted in almost complete decolorization in 20 days. This experiment indicated
that decolorization was successfully conducted by removing azo dyes withAspergillus sojae B-10. 相似文献
11.
Although resistance of microorganisms to Hg(II) salts has been widely investigated and resistant strains have been reported
from many eubacterial genera, there are few reports of mercuric ion resistance in extremophilic microorganisms. Moderately
thermophilic mercury resistant bacteria were selected by growth at 62 °C on Luria agar containing HgCl2. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes of two isolates showed the closest matches to be with Bacillus pallidus and Ureibacillus thermosphaericus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for HgCl2 were 80 μg/ml and 30 μg/ml for these isolates, respectively, compared to 10 μg/ml for B. pallidus H12 DSM3670, a mercury-sensitive control. The best-characterised mercury-resistant Bacillus strain, B. cereus RC607, had an MIC of 60 μg/ml. The new isolates had negligible mercuric reductase activity but removed Hg from the medium
by the formation of a black precipitate, identified as HgS by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. No volatile H2S was detected in the headspace of cultures in the absence or presence of Hg2+, and it is suggested that a new mechanism of Hg tolerance, based on the production of non-volatile thiol species, may have
potential for decontamination of solutions containing Hg2+ without production of toxic volatile H2S. 相似文献
12.
The effects of humic acid (HA) on azo dye decolorization by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 were studied. It was found that HA species isolated from different sources could all accelerate the decolorization of
Acid Red 27 (AR27). Anoxic and anaerobic conditions were required for the enhancement of azo dye decolorization by HA. In
the presence of 50 mg DOC L−1 Aldrich HA, 15–29% increases in decolorization efficiencies of azo dyes with different structures were achieved in 11 h.
The enhancing effects increased with the increase of HA concentrations ranging from 25 to 150 mg DOC L−1, and the decolorization rates were directly proportional to the HA concentrations when they were below 100 mg DOC L−1. Lactate and formate were good electron donors for AR27 decolorization in the presence of HA. Both nitrate (0.1–3.0 mM) and
nitrite (0.3–1.2 mM) inhibited AR27 decolorization in the presence of HA, and negligible decolorization was observed before
their removal. Soluble FeCl3 could accelerate the decolorization process in the presence of HA, whereas insoluble hematite could not. These findings may
affect the understanding of bioremediation of azo dye-polluted environments and help improve the treatment of azo dye wastewaters. 相似文献
13.
Avneesh D. Singh Sabaratnam Vikineswary Noorlidah Abdullah Muniandy Sekaran 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2011,27(3):535-545
The potential of ligninolytic enzymes, including lignin peroxidase (LiP) as the main enzyme from the spent mushroom substrate
of Pleurotus sajor-caju was evaluated for the decolourisation of five dyes from azo and anthraquinone dye groups. Among the azo dyes, reactive black
5 and reactive orange 16 were 84.0 and 80.9% decolourised respectively, after 4 h of incubation with 45 U of LiP as compared
to 32.1% decolourisation of disperse blue 79. Among the anthraquinone dyes, disperse red 60 was decolourised to 47.2% after
4 h of incubation with 45 U of LiP as compared to 5.9% decolourisation of disperse blue 56. Increasing the LiP concentration
and incubation time had a positive effect on the decolourisation of anthraquinone dyes as compared to azo dyes. A 67.9% decolourisation
of synthetic textile waste-water was achieved after 4 h of incubation with 25 U of LiP. Increasing the incubation time significantly
increased (P < 0.05) the decolourisation of synthetic textile waste-water. Further, there was a 52.4% reduction in the toxicity of synthetic
textile waste-water treated with 55 U of LiP for 4 h. However, only 35.7% reduction in toxicity was achieved when the synthetic
textile waste-water was treated with 55 U of LiP for 24 h. In this study, it was shown that the spent mushroom substrate of
P. sajor-caju could be a cheap source of ligninolytic enzymes for the decolourisation of dyes in textile industry wastewaters. 相似文献
14.
Plant growth promoting Pantoea agglomerans NBRISRM (NBRISRM) was able to produce 60.4 μg/ml indole acetic acid and solubilize 77.5 μg/ml tri-calcium phosphate under
in vitro conditions. Addition of 2% NaCl (w/v) in the media induced the IAA production and phosphate solubilization by 11%
and 7%, respectively. For evaluating the plant growth promotory effect of NBRISRM inoculation a micro plot trial was conducted
using maize and chickpea as host plants. The results revealed significant increase in all growth parameters tested in NBRISRM
inoculated maize and chickpea plants, which were further confirmed by higher macronutrients (N, P and K) accumulation as compared
to un-inoculated controls. Throughout the growing season of maize and chickpea, rhizosphere population of NBRISRM were in
the range 107–108 CFU/g soil and competing with 107–109 CFU/g soil with heterogeneous bacterial population. Functional richness, diversity, and evenness were found significantly
higher in maize rhizosphere as compared to chickpea, whereas NBRISRM inoculation were not able to change it, in both crops
as compared to their un-inoculated control. To the best of our knowledge this is first report where we demonstrated the effect
of P. agglomerans strain for improving maize and chickpea growth without altering the functional diversity. 相似文献
15.
The oxygen cleavage in Chlamydia trachomatis ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) has been studied using B3LYP* hybrid density functional theory. Class Ic C. trachomatis RNR lacks the radical-bearing tyrosine, crucial for activity in conventional class I (subclass a and b) RNR. Instead of the
Fe(III)Fe(III)–Tyr(rad) active state, C. trachomatis RNR has a mixed Mn(IV)Fe(III) metal center in subunit II (R2). A mixed MnFe metal center has never been observed as a radical
cofactor before. The active state is generated by reductive oxygen cleavage at the metal site. On the basis of calculated
barriers for oxygen cleavage in C. trachomatis R2 and R2 from Escherichia coli with a diiron, a mixed manganese–iron, and a dimanganese center, conclusions can be drawn about the effect of changing metals
in R2. The oxygen cleavage is found to be governed by two factors: the redox potentials of the metals and the relative stability
of the different peroxides. Mn(IV) has higher stability than Fe(IV), and the barrier is therefore lower with a mixed metal
center than with a diiron center. With a dimanganese center, an asymmetric peroxide is more stable than the symmetric peroxide,
and the barrier therefore becomes too high. Calculated proton-coupled redox potentials are compared to identify three possible
R2 active states, the Fe(III)Fe(III)–Tyr(rad) state, the Mn(IV)Fe(III) state, and the Mn(IV)Mn(IV) state. A tentative energy
profile of the thermodynamics of the radical transfer from R2 to subunit I is constructed to illustrate how the stability
of the active states can be understood from a thermodynamical point of view. 相似文献
16.
Valsartan orodispersible tablets have been developed at 40-mg dose, with the intention of facilitating administration to patients
experiencing problems with swallowing and hopefully, improving its poor oral bioavailability. Work started with selecting
drug compatible excipients depending on differential scanning calorimetric analysis. A 33 full factorial design was adopted for the optimization of the tablets prepared by freeze-drying technique. The effects of
the filler type, the binder type, and the binder concentration were studied. The different tablet formulas were characterized
for their physical properties, weight variation, disintegration time, surface properties, wetting properties, and in vitro dissolution. Amongst the prepared 27 tablet formulas, formula number 6 (consisting of 4:6 valsartan:mannitol and 2% pectin)
was selected to be tested in vivo. Oral bioavailability of two 40 mg valsartan orodispersible tablets was compared to the conventional commercial tablets after
administration of a single dose to four healthy volunteers. Valsartan was monitored in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.
The apparent rate of absorption of valsartan from the prepared tablets (C
max = 2.879 μg/ml, t
max = 1.08 h) was significantly higher than that of the conventional tablets (C
max = 1.471 μg/ml, t
max = 2.17 h), P ≤ 0.05. The relative bioavailability calculated as the ratio of mean total area under the plasma concentration–time curve
for the orodispersible tablets relative to the conventional ones was 135%. The results of the in vivo study revealed that valsartan orodispersible tablets would be advantageous with regards to improved patient compliance, rapid
onset of action, and increase in bioavailability. 相似文献
17.
Ruixiang Zhao Junliang Sun Haizhen Mo Yang Zhu 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(2):195-200
Metabolites from Lactobacillus acidophilus were analysed. The results showed that Lactobacillus
acidophilus Ind-1 and Lactobacillus acidophilus Lakcid produced respectively 12.73 g and 13.33 g lactic acid l−1 after incubating in skim milk at 37 °C for 36 h; and 2.229 unit and 1.808 unit β-galactosidase l−1 in an MRS medium. The proteolytic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus was high and the content of 17 free amino acids in the fermented milk of Lactobacillus
acidophilus Ind-1 and Lactobacillus acidophilus Lakcid was 394.4 mg l−1 and 563.2 mg l−1, respectively. Meantime, Lactobacillus acidophilus reduced cholesterol level in an MRS medium supplemented with cholesterol. Furthermore, Lactobacillus
acidophilus Ind-1 and Lactobacillus acidophilus Lakcid showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus anthracis and Escherichia coli. 相似文献
18.
F. W. Wang Z. M. Hou C. R. Wang P. Li D. H. Shi 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(10):2143-2147
The metabolites of endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. from the leaf of Hopea hainanensis were reported for the first time. By bioassay-guided fractionation, the EtOAc extract of a solid-matrix steady culture of
this fungus afforded six compounds, which were identified through a combination of spectral and chemical methods (IR, MS,
1H- and 13C-NMR) to be monomethylsulochrin (1), rhizoctonic acid (2), asperfumoid (3), physcion (4), 7,8-dimethyl-iso-alloxazine (5) and 3,5-dichloro-p-anisic acid (6). Compounds 2, 3 and 6 were obtained from Penicillium sp. for the first time. All of the six isolates were subjected to in vitro bioactive assays including antifungal action against
three human pathogenic fungi Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum and Aspergillus niger and cytotoxic activity against the human nasopharyngeal epidermoid tumor KB cell line and human liver cancer HepG2 cell line.
As a result, compounds 2–4 and 6 inhibited the growth of C. albicans with MICs of 40.0, 20.0, 50.0 and 15.0 μg/ml, respectively and the compound 6 showed growth inhibition against A. niger with MICs of 40.0 μg/ml. In addition, compounds 1–3 and 6 exhibited cytotoxic activity against KB cell line with IC50 value of 30.0, 20.0, 20.0, 5.0 μg/ml, respectively and against HepG2 cell line with IC50 value of 30.0, 25.0, 15.0, 10.0 μg/ml, respectively. 相似文献
19.
Recently, the prenyltransferase SirD was found to be responsible for the O-prenylation of tyrosine in the biosynthesis of sirodesmin PL in Leptosphaeria maculans. In this study, the behavior of SirD towards phenylalanine/tyrosine and tryptophan derivatives was investigated. Product
formation has been observed with 12 of 19 phenylalanine/tyrosine derivatives. It was shown that the alanine structure attached
to the benzene ring and an electron donor, e.g., OH or NH2, at its para-position are essential for the enzyme activity. Modifications were possible both at the side chain and the benzene ring.
Enzyme products from seven phenylalanine/tyrosine derivatives were isolated and characterized by MS and NMR analyses including
HSQC and HMBC and proven to be O- or N-prenylated derivatives at position C4 of the benzene rings. K
M
values of six selected derivatives were found in the range of 0.10–0.68 mM. Catalytic efficiencies (K
cat/K
M
) were determined in the range of 430–1,110 s−1·M−1 with l-tyrosine as the best substrate. In addition, 7 of 14 tested tryptophan analogs were also accepted by SirD and converted to
C7-prenylated derivatives, which was confirmed by comparison with products obtained from enzyme assays using a 7-dimethylallyltryptophan
synthase 7-DMATS from Aspergillus fumigatus. 相似文献
20.
Synthetic dyes are extensively used in textile dyeing, paper, printing, colour photography, pharmaceutics, cosmetics and other
industries. Among these, azodyes represents the largest and most versatile class of synthetic dyes. As high as 50% of the
dyes are released into the environment during manufacture and usage. Traditional methods of treatment are found to be expensive
and have operational problems. Biological decolourization has been investigated as a method to transform, degrade or mineralize
azo dyes. In the present studies bacteria from soil from dye waste area, dye waste, sewage and dung were subjected to acclimatization
with C.I. Reactive Red 195 an azo dye, in the basal nutrient media. The most promising bacterial isolate was used for further
dye degradation studies. The 16s rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical characteristics revealed the isolated organism as Enterococcus faecalis strain YZ66. The strain showed 99.5% decolourization of the selected dye (Reactive Red 195–50 mg/l) within one and half hour
in static anoxic condition. The optimum pH and temperature for the decolourization was 5.0 and 40°C respectively. The biodegradation
was monitored by UV–Vis, FTIR, TLC and HPLC. The final products were characterized by Gas chromatography and Mass Spectrophotometry.
Toxicity study demonstrated no toxicity of the biodegradation product. The results suggest that the isolated organism E. faecalis strain YZ 66 can be used as a useful tool to treat waste water containing reactive dyes. 相似文献