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Long-term callus cultures of two barley cultivars have been investigated at the cellular level. One slowly growing, root forming callus of the barley cv. Bulgarische Nackte consists of cells the majority of which contain the diploid chromosome number. Contrarily, a fast growing callus of the cv. Elgina having no regeneration potency at all, is highly polyploid and includes more than two thirds of aneuploid cells. Tn this callus strain, a great number of multinucleate cells has been found. Some problems are discussed with respect to the relationships between growth rate, karyological stability and regeneration capacity in long-term callus cultures of cereals. 相似文献
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Formation of stems both in callus tissue isolated from hypocotyl and in apical meristems culture of carnation plants (Dianthus caryophyllus L. ev. “Grenadin white, yellow, scarlet red, dark red and pink”) was evokedin vitro using chemically defined medium. The rooted stems were transferred into pots and cultivated under natural conditions. 相似文献
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C. H. S. Carvalho N. Bohorova P. N. Bordallo L. L. Abreu F. H. Valicente W. Bressan E. Paiva 《Plant cell reports》1997,17(1):73-76
A total of 113 maize inbreds adapted to tropical conditions were evaluated for their tissue culture response. Additionally,
four media combinations of 15 or 30 μm dicamba with or without 88 μm AgNO3 were used to study the effect of dicamba and AgNO3 on type II callus production and plant regeneration from 42 of the inbred lines. Inbreds 48, 389 and 1345 of the populations
BR 105, BR 112, and Catete, respectively, showed a high capacity for type II callus production and plant regeneration. The
production of type II calli increased significantly when the concentration of dicamba was changed from 15 to 30 μm and when AgNO3 was added to the medium. A synergistic effect between 88 μm AgNO3 and 30 μm dicamba (CM-30Ag medium) was observed, leading to additional production of type II callus. Medium CM-30Ag allowed the best
tissue culture performance and plant regeneration capacity.
Received: 5 October 1996 / Revision received: 21 April 1997 / Accepted: 9 May 1997 相似文献
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Balen B Krsnik-Rasol M Zamfir AD Milosević J Vakhrushev SY Peter-Katalinić J 《Journal of proteome research》2006,5(7):1658-1666
The structure elucidation of protein-linked N-glycans in plants has raised interest in the past years due to remarkable physiological roles attributed to these modifications. However, little information about the glycoprotein patterns related to plant cell differentiation, dedifferentiation and transformation is available. In this work, the use of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in conjunction with matrix assisted laser/desorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) for the characterization of carbohydrates released from plant glycoproteins is described. Proteins from different Mammillaria tissues (shoot, callus, hyperhydric regenerant, and TW tumor) were separated by 2D SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane and incubated with Con A to detect N-glycosylated proteins. To discover if the same protein can have various N-glycan structures depending on the organization status of the tissue, the selected glycoprotein spot, which was common for all investigated tissues, was excised from the gels and digested by PNGase A. The released oligosaccharides were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS. The results obtained in this study indicate that the N-glycosylation pattern of the protein is clearly dependent on level of plant tissue organization and can be related to the specific morphogenic status. 相似文献
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Mitotic chromosome doubling of plant tissues in vitro 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
E. Dhooghe K. Van Laere T. Eeckhaut L. Leus J. Van Huylenbroeck 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,104(3):359-373
In vitro chromosome doubling can be induced by several antimitotic agents. The most commonly used are colchicine, oryzalin
and trifluralin. The process of induced chromosome doubling in vitro consists of a typical succession of sub-processes, including
an induction phase and a confirmation protocol to measure the rate of success. The induction step depends on a large number
of variables: media, antimitotic agents, explant types, exposure times and concentrations. Flow cytometry is the pre-eminent
method for evaluation of the induced polyploidization. However, alternative confirmation methods, such as chromosome counts
and morphological observations, are also used. Since polyploidization has many consequences for plant growth and development,
chromosome doubling has been intensively studied over the years and has found its way to several applications in plant breeding.
This review gives an overview of the common methods of chromosome doubling in vitro, the history of the technique, and progress
made over the years. The applications of chromosome doubling in a broader context are also discussed. 相似文献
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Jameel M. Al-Khayri Feng H. Huang Teddy E. Morelock Tahani A. Busharar 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1992,28(2):64-66
Summary A system for the regeneration of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) from mature dry seed explants has been established. The response of two commercial spinach cultivars, ‘Grandstand’ and
‘Baker’, was examined. Callus proliferation was most prominent on MS medium supplemented with 9.3 μM of 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) and 3.39 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Adventitious shoot formation was observed within 8 wk after callus was transferred
onto regeneration medium. Shoot regeneration was best from callus induced on 9.3 μM kinetin and 4.56 μM 2,4-D. The regeneration medium contained 9.3 μM kinetin, 0.045 μM 2,4-D, and 2.89 μM gibberellic acid (GA3). Shoots were rooted on hormone-free medium, and plants grown in a greenhouse showed normal phenotype. This system is beneficial
in rapid propagation of spinach plants, particularly when only a limited number of seeds are available. 相似文献
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Callus-mediated shoot regeneration from leaf explants ofPhytophthora resistant pepper (Piper colubrinum Link.) is described. The effect of basal media composition and growth regulators onin vitro response of explants was evaluated. Shoot buds were induced and elongated on half-strength MS medium containing 2.0 mg l–1 BA and 0.5 mg l–1 NAA , as well as 1.0 mg l–1 BA and 0.5 mg l–1 2,4-D. The shoots were rooted in half-strength MS medium with or without IAA or IBA, and then were transferred to soil with 100% survival. 相似文献
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Manganese toxicity to chlorophyll synthesis in tobacco callus 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pith explants were grown on manganese containing medium. At moderate concentration (10 millimolar), manganese selectively inhibited chlorophyll synthesis, resulting initially in growth of white callus. Several weeks later the white callus turned brown due to the accumulation of a pigment identified as protoporphyrin IX by its elution profile using high performance liquid chromatography, by its absorption spectrum, and by its fluorescence properties. At a concentration of 100 millimolar manganese the pigment accumulated without growth of the explant. 相似文献
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《Phytochemistry》1986,26(1):145-148
The growth of, and production of alkaloids by, callus derived from budding stem explants of the germinated seeds of Securinega suffruticosa has been studied. The major alkaloids produced were securinine and allosecurinine with the latter being present in the greatest amount. The effects of pH, growth hormones, sucrose concentration and light and dark on callus growth and alkaloid production have been examined in detail. The pattern of alkaloid production in the callus culture appeared to be similar to that in the root of the securinega plant. 相似文献
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D. V. N. Chakravarthi Y. V. Rao M. V. S. Rao V. Manga 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,102(1):87-97
Genetic analysis of four in vitro characters (callus initiation, callus productivity, embryogenic callus percentage, and mean
number of regenerated shoots per callus) was conducted using a 6 × 6 diallel cross among four cultivars of eggplant (Solanum melongena) and two related species (S. indicum, S. surattense) showing different in vitro responses. Among the 30 hybrid families, the in vitro performance exceeded the midparent in 19,
29, 18, and 22 cases, respectively, for callus initiation, callus productivity, embryogenic callus induction, and number of
regenerated shoots. Both additive and dominant effects were significant and additive gene action was predominant for three
of four in vitro characters with the exception of callus productivity. Different degrees of dominance were observed in the
expression of the four characters. The broad and narrow sense heritabilities were 0.97 and 0.82 for callus initiation frequency,
0.99 and 0.42 for total amount of callus, 0.99 and 0.92 for E-callus productivity, and 0.99 and 0.73 for mean number of shoots,
respectively, suggesting that these traits can be easily transferred into economically important cultivars with low tissue
culture response or recalcitrance. 相似文献
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Thiophene concentrations were measured in crown gall tissues produced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens infections (strains A208, A277) of Tagetes patula plants and compared with those of normal and transformed callus tissues. The results showed that it is not possible to predict the amounts of secondary motabolites produced as a result of transfers of genetic material from infected plants to crown galls and then to transformed callus tissues. There appears to be an accumulation of intermediates in some of the biosynthetic routes. 相似文献
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Vasil Georgiev Mladenka Ilieva Thomas Bley Atanas Pavlov 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2008,30(5):581-593
Betalains have been widely used as natural colorants for many centuries, but their attractiveness for use as colorants of
foods (or drugs and cosmetics) has increased recently due to their reportedly high anti-oxidative, free radical scavenging
activities and concerns about the use of various synthetic alternatives. The main commercial sources of betalains are powders
and concentrates of red beet (Beta vulgaris) or cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) extracts. However, in recent years the technical and commercial feasibility of various in vitro systems to produce them
biotechnologically has been explored. These research activities have included assessments of novel approaches for cultivating
plant cell or tissue cultures, and diverse bioreactor systems for increasing production levels of secondary metabolites. This
paper reviews recent progress in plant in vitro systems for producing betalain pigments. In addition, the factors that could
be manipulated, the bioreactor systems that could be used, and the strategies that could be applied to improve betalain production
are discussed. 相似文献
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Growth and tropane alkaloid production inAgrobacterium transformed roots and derived callus ofDatura
Small callus pieces excised from theAgrobacterium transformed root line D2 ofDatura stramonium, were cultured onto solidified MS medium supplemented with a 1.0 μM kinetin and three different concentrations (0.1, 0.5
and 1.0 μM) of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and were examined for their alkaloid productivity in relation to organization
level and growth rate. Growth of transformed roots (in a MS liquid medium without plant growth regulators) was greater than
that of transformed calli excised from them and cultured separately. The addition of 1.0 μM 2,4-D to the culture medium had
a positive effect on callus biomass production, while it inhibited root formation by this tissue (the lower the 2,4-D concentration
in the medium the greater the number of roots which emerged from the calli). Hyoscyamine production was also higher in the
transformed roots than in the transformed calli, and in these tissues the production of hyoscyamine was positively correlated
with organogenesis index (i.e. its ability for rooting). At the same time, the epoxidation of hyoscyamine to scopolamine only took place in the transformed
calli. This occurred to a greater extent at the lower concentrations of 2,4-D in the culture medium. The mode through which
the 2,4-D could control the alkaloid production of transformed callus is discussed. 相似文献
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Tumors have been induced by γ-radiation in callus tissue derived from a monocotyledonous flowering plant, Haworthia mirabilis Haw. The transformed tissue exhibited compact texture, excessive cell proliferation and loss of capacity for organogenesis. Tumors were characterized by their ability to undergo continuous autonomous growth on minimal media in the subsequent 4 generations of subculture. In contrast, the nonirradiated control tissue grew with friable texture, required inositol or growth hormones and showed prolific differentiation of vegetative buds. 相似文献