家鸽,黄雀和黄喉wu耳蜗核的定位与比较

向非鸣禽鸽和鸣禽黄雀、黄喉ｗｕ耳蜗内注射ＨＲＰ作顺行追踪表明,耳蜗纤维组成第八脑神经的听支（ＮⅧ）后,分别投射至延髓的角状核（ＮＡ）和巨细胞核（ＮＭ）,由ＮＡ及ＮＭ两个亚核组成耳蜗核,它是听觉的上行通路中的第一级中继站,延髓层状核并不接受耳蜗纤维的直接投射。家鸽与黄雀、黄喉ｗｕ之间的ＮＡ、ＮＭ及ＮⅧ在形态和分布上都有较明显的差别。     

家鸽、黄雀和黄喉鹀耳蜗核的定位与比较

向非鸣禽家鸽（Ｃｏｌｕｍｂａ ｌｉｖｉａ ｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｕｓ）和鸣禽黄雀（Ｃａｒｄｕｅｌｉｓ ｓｐｉｎｕｓ）、黄喉鹀（Ｅｍｂｅｒｉｚａ, ｅｌｅｇａｎｓ）耳蜗内注射 ＨＲＰ作顺行追踪表明,耳蜗纤维组成第八脑神经的听支（ Ｎ Ⅷ）后,分别投射至延髓的角状核（ＮＡ）和巨细胞核（ＮＭ）,由 ＮＡ及 ＮＭ两个亚核组成耳蜗核（ｎｕｃｌｅｕｓ ｃｏｃｈｌｅａ）,它是听觉的上行通路中的第一级中继站,延髓层状核并不接受耳蜗纤维的直接投射。家鸽与黄雀、黄喉鹀之间的ＮＡ、ＮＭ及ＮⅧ在形态和分布上都有较明显的差别。     

刺激黄雀新纹状体前部大细胞核外侧部对发声和呼吸的影响

实验材料为乌拉坦麻醉的鸣禽黄雀（Ｃａｒｄｕｅｌｉｓ ｓｐｉｎｕｓ）。观察了电及化学刺激新纹状体前部大细胞核外侧部（１ＭＡＮ）对发声和呼吸的影响。结果如下：（１）电刺激１ＭＡＮ的不同区域都引起鸣叫反应。（２）长串电脉冲刺激１ＭＡＮ使呼吸频率增加,呼吸幅度降低。（３）短串电脉冲刺激１ＭＡＮ,落位于吸气相,产生吸气要断效应;落位于呼气相,可使呼气时程延长,以冲刺激１ＭＡＮ,落位于吸气相,产生吸气切断效应     

黄雀端脑听区神经联系的研究

本文用ＨＲＰ顺、逆行追踪法研究鸣禽黄雀（Ｇａｒｄｕｅｌｉｓ ｓｐｉｎｕｓ）端脑听区（Ｆｉｅｌｄ ‘Ｌ’，Ｌ）的神经联系。将ＨＲＰ微电泳入Ｌ区，在同侧丘脑卵圆核（Ｎｕｃｌｅｕｓ ｏｖｏｉｄａｌｉｓ，ｐａｒｓ ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｉｓ，ＯＶ）等处见到逆行标记细胞；在端脑上纹状体腹侧尾部（Ｈｙｐｅｒｓｔｒｉａｔｕｍ ｖｅｎｔｒａｌｅ ，ｐａｒｓ ｃａｕｄａｌｅ，ＨＶｃ）等处见到顺行标记终末。结果表明，端脑Ｌ区     

黄雀发声核团与部分听觉中枢内P物质的分布和性双态比较

用免疫组织化学方法研究P物质在雌雄黄雀发声控制核团和听觉中枢内的分布,结合计算机图像分析仪检测SP免疫阳性细胞和末梢的灰度值,并作雌雄比较。结果如下:1.在发声学习中枢嗅叶X区有大量的SP阳性神经末梢和一些神经细胞。2.在发声控制核团前脑高级发声中枢(HVc)、古纹状体栎核、发声学习中枢新纹状体巨细胞核和丘脑背内侧核外侧部内有许多的SP免疫阳性细胞。3.在发声控制中枢中脑背内侧核和延髓舌下神经核气管呜管部、听觉中枢丘脑卵圆核的壳区、中脑背外侧核壳区及中脑丘间核等有密集的SP免疫阳性神经末梢和纤维分布;雄性发声中枢内SP的分布比雌性丰富,两者有显著的差异。结果表明:SP的分布在雌雄发声中枢之间存在显著的性双态;SP广泛分布于黄雀发声控制核团和部分听觉中枢内,提示SP可能在发声控制及听觉中枢内具有重要的生理功能。     

中国石蕊科地衣研究之二——鹿蕊属

鹿蕊属地衣(又称驯鹿地衣)广布于北极以及低纬度高寒地带;在我国多见于北方林带以及高山苔原带。在大兴安岭林区本属地衣往往是一定林型的伴生成员,又为大兴安岭驯鹿群的理想天然牧场,还是地衣抗菌素的重要资源之一。本属地衣在国内外文献记载中我国约有8种以及若干种下单位,其中(Cla-dina portentosa)一种我们尚未见到。本文记载了9种,其中黄雀鹿蕊(Cladinaaberrans)与亚林鹿蕊(Cladina imshaugii)两种我国新记录。此外,对于前人已发表的错误鉴定进行了订正。     

黄雀发声核团与部分听觉中枢内P物质的分布和性双态比较

用免疫组织化学方法研究P物质在雌雄黄雀发声控制核团和听觉中枢内的分布,结合计算机图像分析仪检测SP免疫阳性细胞和末梢的灰度值,并作雌雄比较。结果如下：1．在发声学习中枢嗅叶X区有大量的SP阳性神经末梢和一些神经细胞。2．在发声控制核团前脑高级发声中枢(HVc)、古纹状体栎核、发声学习中枢新纹状体巨细胞核和丘脑背内侧核外侧部内有许多的SP免疫阳性细胞。3．在发声控制中枢中脑背内侧核和延髓舌下神经核气管鸣管部、听觉中枢丘脑卵圆核的壳区、中脑背外侧核壳区及中脑丘间核等有密集的SP免疫阳性神经末梢和纤维分布;雄性发声中枢内SP的分布比雌性丰富,两者有显著的差异。结果表明：SP的分布在雌雄发声中枢之间存在显著的性双态;SP广泛分布于黄雀发声控制核团和部分听觉中枢内,提示SP可能在发声控制及听觉中枢内具有重要的生理功能。     

黄雀、黄喉鵐角状核和层状核的听觉通路及比较

鸟类的角状核（ＮＡ）和层状核（ＮＬ）是延髓内司听觉及声源定位的重要感觉中枢。本文用ＨＲＰ顺、逆行追踪方法,对鸣禽类黄雀（Ｃａｒｄｕｅｌｉｓ ｓｐｉｎｕｓ）与黄喉（Ｅｍｂｅｒｉｚａ ｅｌｅｇａｎｓ）的ＮＡ及ＮＬ的神经通路进行了研究与比较。发现ＮＡ接受听神经的传入并投射至脑桥外侧匠系核复合体及中脑背外测核的背部;ＮＬ接受巨细胞核的传入并以不同的行径投射至脑桥和中脑的不同部位。它们的行径是各自独立的。提示这两条通路在听觉及声源定位等方面是各自分工的。     

睾酮转化菌的筛选及发酵条件优化

采用亚硝基胍(NTG)对主产雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮(AD)的菌株YHT-1进行诱变,获得了一株睾酮(TS)产量较高的菌株YHT-103。通过对发酵条件及发酵培养基的优化,获得最佳培养条件为转化培养基:葡萄糖15 g/L,硝酸铵4g/L,MgSO40.5g/L,K2HPO40.5g/L,植物甾醇2g/L,tween80 6g/L,pH值6.5。种子培养时间30h,接种量10%,培养温度28℃。最佳转化条件下,获得最高TS转化率为46.20%。     

黄雀中脑及丘脑听性核团的纤维联系

本文用ＨＲＰ顺、逆行追踪方法，研究黄雀中脑下丘中央核（ＩＣｃ）及丘脑卵圆核（ＯＶ）的传入联系及ＯＶ向端脑的投射。将ＨＲＰ微电泳入ＩＣｃ，在延髓角状核、层状核及脑桥外侧丘系核复合体出现了密布的标记细胞，在ＯＶ及卵圆核的腹内侧部见到密集的标记终末，在对侧ＩＣｃ有许多的标记细胞及终末。将ＨＲＰ微电泳入ＯＶ，除在ＩＣｃ有大量的标记细胞外，在端脑Ｌ听区等处见到密集的标记终末。结果表明，ＩＣｃ接受角状核、层状核和外侧丘系核复合体的传入投射，由它发出的纤维投射到ＯＶ及卵圆核的腹内侧部，双侧ＩＣｃ间有往返联系，从ＯＶ发出的纤维投射至端脑的Ｌ听区。Ｌ听区可能是听觉的高位中枢。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Acidophilic and acid-tolerant fungi and yeasts

Fungi have not been systematically studied from mines and mine drainage waters, even though they are often encountered there. This paper provides a key from literature sources and lists morphological characteristics and habitat information for the 81 fungal species that have been collected or identified in pH <4 environments.