"通督调神"针刺联合经颅直流电刺激对脑卒中后认知障碍患者神经损伤标志物和事件相关电位P300的影响

目的：探讨"通督调神"针刺联合经颅直流电刺激（t DCS）对脑卒中后认知功能障碍（PSCI）患者神经损伤标志物和事件相关电位P300的影响。方法：选取首都医科大学附属北京康复医院在2020年9月-2022年12月期间收治的100例PSCI患者。按随机数字表法分为对照组（n=50,常规治疗联合t DCS）,观察组（n=50,对照组基础上联合"通督调神"针刺）。对比两组疗效、简易精神状态检查量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）、日常生活活动能力（ADL）、事件相关电位P300和血清神经损伤标志物。结果：与对照组相比,观察组的临床总有效率更高（P<0.05）。与对照组治疗4周后相比,观察组MoCA、MMSE、ADL评分更高,潜伏期更低;波幅更高,神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、S100β蛋白水平更低（P<0.05）。结论："通督调神"针刺联合t DCS治疗PSCI患者,可有效改善患者的认知功能,提高日常生活活动能力,可能与改善神经功能有关。     

互动式头针联合认知训练对脑卒中后认知功能障碍患者认知功能、事件相关电位P300和血清NSE、S100β蛋白的影响

摘要 目的：观察认知训练联合互动式头针对脑卒中后认知功能障碍患者事件相关电位P300、认知功能和血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、S100β蛋白的影响。方法：选取自2019年3月~2022年1月期间广州中医药大学第二附属医院收治的120例脑卒中后认知功能障碍患者。按抛掷硬币法将患者分为对照组（n=60,常规治疗）和研究组（n=60,常规治疗基础上接受互动式头针训练）。对比两组疗效、认知功能、事件相关电位P300和血清NSE、S100β蛋白的差异。结果：研究组的临床总有效率91.67%（55/60）高于对照组75%（45/60）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后简易智力状态检查量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后血清NSE、S100β蛋白水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后潜伏期短于对照组,波幅长于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：认知训练联合互动式头针可有效改善脑卒中后认知功能障碍患者的认知功能,且与调节事件相关电位P300和血清NSE、S100β蛋白水平有关。     

文拉法辛联合认知行为疗法治疗帕金森病抑郁、认知功能障碍的临床疗效评价

目的:探讨文拉法辛联合认知行为疗法治疗帕金森病(PD)抑郁、认知功能障碍的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选择我院收治的60例PD合并抑郁、认知功能障碍患者并将其随机分为三组,分别为对照组(单用文拉法辛治疗),联合奥氮平组(文拉法辛联合奥氮平),联合认知行为疗法组(文拉法辛联合认知行为疗法),每组20例,于治疗前及治疗后4、8周末采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)进行抑郁程度评定,简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE)和事件相关电位(event-related potentials,ERPs)P300进行认知功能评定。结果:治疗4、8周时,三组的HAMD评分均较治疗前有不同程度下降,P300潜伏期较治疗前有不同程度缩短,P300波幅、MMSE评分有不同程度升高(P0.05),联合奥氮平组和联合认知行为疗法组HAMD评分较对照组明显下降,P300潜伏期较对照组明显缩短,P300波幅、MMSE评分明显升高(P0.05),联合认知行为疗法组HAMD评分较联合奥氮平组明显下降,P300潜伏期明显缩短,P300波幅、MMSE评分明显升高(P0.05)。三组均无特殊不良反应。结论:文拉法辛联合认知行为疗法治疗PD抑郁、认知功能障碍疗效确切,能显著改善患者抑郁症状,提高患者的认知功能,疗效较单用文拉法辛或文拉法辛联合奥氮平治疗更好,且安全性高。     

基于事件相关电位P300的动物认知研究进展

P300是事件相关电位中被广泛用于研究正常人、患者和动物认知加工及其脑机制的重要电生理指标。本文就其起源、影响因素和动物类P300的研究进展进行了综述,详细论述了各动物在视觉、听觉和触觉等不同模态下的类P300的主要结论,及P300在人类和动物之间的异同,并分析了导致差异的原因。最后对研究的不足之处提出了可能的解决方案,并对基于P300的动物认知研究方向进行了展望。     

低频重复经颅磁刺激联合艾司西酞普兰对广泛性焦虑障碍患者生活质量及事件相关电位P300的影响

摘要 目的：观察低频重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）联合艾司西酞普兰对广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD）患者生活质量及事件相关电位P300的影响。方法：采用随机数字表法,将2019年2月~2021年1月期间我院收治的120例GAD患者分为对照组（艾司西酞普兰治疗）和研究组（对照组的基础上接受低频rTMS治疗）,各为60例。观察并对比两组疗效和不良反应,记录两组生活质量及事件相关电位P300的变化。结果：研究组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗2个月后P300潜伏期短于对照组,P300波幅长于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗2个月后疼痛、生理职能、精神健康、生理功能、躯体精力、情感职能、社会功能、总体健康各维度评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗2个月后汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：低频rTMS联合艾司西酞普兰治疗GAD患者,可有效改善其焦虑症状,提高生活质量,促进认知功能恢复,具有显著的临床疗效。     

认知康复训练联合高频重复经颅磁刺激对脑卒中后认知障碍患者认知功能和血清BDNF、VEGF的影响

摘要 目的：观察脑卒中后认知障碍（PSCI）患者在认知康复训练基础上辅助高频重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）治疗后,其认知功能和血清脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平变化。方法：选择我院2020年1月~2020年12月期间接收的300例PSCI患者,以随机数字表法将患者分为实验组（150例）、对照组（150例）。对照组在常规治疗基础上联合认知康复训练,实验组则在对照组的基础上联合高频rTMS。对比两组认知功能、日常生活能力、听觉事件相关电位、血清BDNF和VEGF水平及不良反应。结果：两组治疗4周后蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）各条目评分及总分均较治疗前升高,且实验组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗4周后改良Barthel指数（MBI）评分较治疗前升高,且实验组高于对照组（P<0.05）。实验组治疗4周后P300潜伏期短于对照组,P300波幅高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗4周后血清BDNF、VEGF水平升高,且实验组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：认知康复训练联合高频rTMS可有效改善PSCI患者认知功能,上调其血清BDNF、VEGF水平,改善听觉事件相关电位,从而提高患者日常生活能力。     

阿尔茨海默病患者血清Trx、NLRP3、FNDC5水平与病情程度及认知功能损害的关系研究

摘要 目的：研究阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者血清硫氧还蛋白（Trx）、NOD样受体家族蛋白3（NLRP3）、纤维连接蛋白Ⅲ型域包含蛋白5（FNDC5）水平与病情程度及认知功能损害的关系。方法：选取我院2015年5月～2020年10月收治的148例AD患者作为研究对象,记作研究组,另取同期在我院进行健康体检的140例志愿者作为对照组,检测并比较两组血清Trx、NLRP3、FNDC5水平。采用临床痴呆量表（CDR）评估AD患者病情程度,简易精神状态量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评估AD患者的认知功能损害情况,比较不同病情程度AD患者血清Trx、NLRP3、FNDC5水平及MoCA、MMSE评分。采用Pearson相关系数分析AD患者血清Trx、NLRP3、FNDC5水平与MoCA、MMSE评分的相关性。结果：研究组血清Trx、FNDC5水平低于对照组,NLRP3水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。AD患者的血清Trx、FNDC5水平以及MoCA、MMSE评分随着病情程度的加深而降低,NLRP3水平则随着病情程度的加深而升高（P＜0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,AD患者的血清Trx、FNDC5水平与MoCA、MMSE评分均呈正相关,而NLRP3水平与MoCA、MMSE评分均呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论：AD患者的血清Trx、FNDC5水平呈低表达,而NLRP3水平呈高表达,三者均与AD患者认知功能损害有关,并且随着水平变化幅度的增加,AD患者的病情越严重,可能具有辅助评估AD患者认知功能损害程度的潜在价值。     

血塞通滴丸联合盐酸美金刚治疗阿尔茨海默病的临床研究

目的：分析血塞通滴丸联合盐酸美金刚治疗阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer＇s disease,AD）患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法：本院就诊的AD患者60例。对照组给予盐酸美金刚,观察组在对照组的基础上给予血塞通滴丸。结果：治疗后观察组MMSE、ADL及GDS评分明显优于对照组,差异显著（P〈0．05）。治疗后观察组TC、LDL-C明显少于对照组,差异显著（P〈0.05）。两组均未出现明显不良反应患者。结论：应用血塞通滴丸联合盐酸美金刚治疗AD患者近期疗效好,毒副作用少,临床价值高。     

血清S100β,内皮素-1和血管内皮生长因子测定在老年认知功能障碍疾病诊断中的意义

目的:老年认知功能障碍尤其老年轻度认知功能障碍的早期诊断仍有一定的困难,本研究通过观察血清Sl00β,内皮素-1(ET-1)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)测定在老年认知功能障碍疾病诊断的意义.方法:选取2008年10月～2012年4月对我院的认知功能障碍的患者117例,其中阿尔茨海默病患者(AD组)55例和轻度认知功能障碍患者(MCI组)有62例.选取同期在我院体检的健康老年志愿者(对照组)20例.分别检测血清S100β,ET-1,VEGF和蒙特利尔认知评分(MoCA).结果:血清S100β和ET-1水平,从AD组,MIC组和对照组依次降低,而VEGF水平和MoCA评分依次升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).AD组患者血浆S100β,ET-1与MoCA评分存在负相关(r=-0.387,r=-0A08,P＜0.05),AD组患者血浆VEGF与MoCA评分呈正相关(r=0.363,P＜0.05);而MIC组患者血浆Sl00β,ET-1,VEGF水平与MoCA之间无明显相关性(P＞0.05).结论:S100β,ET-1和VEGF参与老年认知功能障碍的形成过程,血浆S100β,ET-1水平与AD的病情正相关,血浆VEGF与AD的病情成负相关,对于早期发现MCI,和检测AD疾病的病情具有重要意义.     

血清尿酸、白介素6、P-tau181与阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能、日常生活能力和预后的关系分析

摘要 目的：探讨血清尿酸（UA）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、磷酸化Tau181（P-tau181）与阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者认知功能、日常生活能力和预后的关系。方法：选择2018年5月至2021年1月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院与上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院黄浦分院收治的98例AD患者（AD组）和71例门诊体检的健康志愿者（对照组）,检测血清UA、IL-6、P-tau181水平,使用简易智力状态检查量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评估患者认知功能,Barthel指数（BI）评估患者日常生活能力。所有患者出院后随访1年,统计随访期间不良预后发生情况。Pearson相关性分析UA、IL-6、P-tau181与MMSE、MoCA、BI的相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析AD患者预后不良的危险因素。结果：AD组血清UA水平和MMSE、MoCA评分、BI低于对照组（P＜0.05）,IL-6、P-tau181水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。AD患者血清UA水平与MMSE、MoCA评分、BI呈正相关（P＜0.05）,IL-6、P-tau181水平与MMSE、MoCA评分、BI呈负相关（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：长期卧床、AD痴呆阶段、高水平IL-6、高水平P-tau181是AD患者预后不良的危险因素（P＜0.05）,高水平UA是保护因素（P＜0.05）。结论：AD患者血清UA水平降低,IL-6、P-tau181水平升高,且与认知功能障碍、日常生活能力降低以及预后不良有关,检测血清UA、IL-6、P-tau181可辅助评估AD病情和预后。     

Effect of acupuncture in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease: a functional MRI study

We aim to clarify the mechanisms of acupuncture in treating mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD) by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Thirty-six right-handed subjects (8 MCI patients, 14 AD patients, and 14 healthy elders) participated in this study. Clinical and neuropsychological examinations were performed on all the subjects. MRI data acquisition was performed on a SIEMENS verio 3-Tesla scanner. The fMRI study used a single block experimental design. We first acquired the baseline resting state data in the initial 3 minutes; we then acquired the fMRI data during the procession of acupuncture stimulation on the acupoints of Tai chong and Hegu for the following 3 minutes. Last, we acquired fMRI data for another 10 minutes after the needle was withdrawn. The preprocessing and data analysis were performed using the statistical parametric mapping (SPM8) software. Then the two-sample t-tests were performed between each two groups of different states. We found that during the resting state, brain activities in AD and MCI patients were different from those of control subjects. During the acupuncture and the second resting state after acupuncture, when comparing to resting state, there are several regions showing increased or decreased activities in MCI, AD subjects compared to normal subjects. Most of the regions were involved in the temporal lobe and the frontal lobe, which were closely related to the memory and cognition. In conclusion, we investigated the effect of acupuncture in AD and MCI patients by combing fMRI and traditional acupuncture. Our fMRI study confirmed that acupuncture at Tai chong (Liv3) and He gu (LI4) can activate certain cognitive-related regions in AD and MCI patients.     

低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白基因C766T多态性与阿尔茨海默氏病发病风险的Meta-分析

运用Meta分析的方法综合评价低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白基因(lowdensitylipoproteinreceptor-relatedprotein1gene,LPR-1)第三外显子C766T多态性与阿尔茨海默氏病(Alzheimer’sdisease,AD)发病风险的关系。通过检索Medline、Cochrane图书馆和中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM),纳入内容涉及LPR-1基因C766T多态性的基因型频率和(或)等位基因频率的独立病例对照研究。各文献满足研究方法相似,有综合的统计指标。研究年限为1997~2004年,语种不限。应用RevMan4.2软件进行统计分析。在AD组3764例和对照组3647例研究对象中,分别对基因型和等位基因频率做合并统计。各研究之间有显著的异质性,P<0.01,故采用随机效应模型分析合并结果。总体效应检验未发现CC基因型频率在病例对照之间统计学上的差异(Z=1.74,P=0.08,OR=1.17,95%CI:0.98~1.39),C等位基因频率在病例对照之间也未发现差异(Z=1.31,P=0.19,OR=1.11,95%CI:0.95~1.31)。Meta分析结果提示,LPR-1基因C766T多态性不是AD的主要风险因子,但尚不能完全排除其可能在AD发病中具有微弱的作用。     

Dipole source analysis of auditory P300 response in depressive and anxiety disorders

This paper is to study auditory event-related potential P300 in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders using dipole source analysis. Auditory P300 using 2-stimulus oddball paradigm was collected from 35 patients with anxiety disorder, 32 patients with depressive disorder, and 30 healthy controls. P300 dipole sources and peak amplitude of dipole activities were analyzed. The source analysis resulted in a 4-dipole configuration, where temporal dipoles displayed greater P300 amplitude than that of frontal dipoles. In addition, a right-greater-than-left hemispheric asymmetry of dipole magnitude was found in patients with anxiety disorder, whereas a left-greater-than-right hemispheric asymmetry of dipole magnitude was observed in depressed patients. Results indicated that the asymmetry was more prominent over the temporal dipole than that of frontal dipoles in patients. Patients with anxiety disorder may increase their efforts to enhance temporal dipole activity to compensate for a deficit in frontal cortex processing, while depressed patients show dominating reduction of right temporal activity. The opposite nature of results observed with hemispheric asymmetry in depressive and anxiety disorders could serve to be valuable information for psychiatric studies.     

Traditional Chinese acupuncture: a potentially useful antiemetic?

Two consecutive studies were undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture as an antiemetic used in addition to premedication with opioids in patients undergoing minor gynaecological operations. In the first study 25 of the 50 patients underwent acupuncture immediately after premedication with 100 mg meptazinol, the rest receiving the drug alone, and in the second 75 patients were allocated randomly to one of three groups: a group receiving 10 mg nalbuphine and acupuncture, a group receiving premedication and dummy acupuncture, and a group receiving premedication alone. Manual needling for five minutes at the P6 acupuncture point (Neiguan) resulted in a significant reduction in perioperative nausea and vomiting in the 50 patients who underwent acupuncture compared with the 75 patients who received no acupuncture. These findings cannot be explained, but it is recommended that the use of acupuncture as an antiemetic should be explored further.     

Alzheimer’s disease and normal aging: Neurophysiological and immunological aspects

We studied in humans the characteristics of brain visual evoked potentials (EP) elicited by presentation of a reverse chess-board patterns and also the following parameters of the immune status: the numbers of T- and B-lymphocytes, immunoglobulin levels in blood plasma, and level of sensibilization of lymphocytes to the brain antigen. Two groups were examined: aged persons (up to 65 years) with normal course of aging (the control group) and patients of the same age suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the latter group, lower amplitudes of early and late EP components (P300, in particular) and longer peak latencies of late components were observed. The development of AD correlates with a drop in the number of lymphocytes, increased IgA level, and sensibilization of lymphocytes to brain antigen, which is indicative of an immunodeficit state and the development of an autoimmune process; the latter phenomena can be significant factors responsible for neuronal death.     

不同频率电针刺激对神经痛模型大鼠脊髓背角P物质的影响

目的:观察P物质(Substance P,SP)在慢性坐骨神经压迫损伤(chronic constriction injury,CCI)模型脊髓中表达的变化,探讨电针镇痛的机制是否与脊髓背角中SP表达的变化有关。方法:选择32只雄性、体重180-200 g的SD大鼠,并将其随机均分为4组(n=8)。空白组(Con组)为正常痛阈值大鼠;假电针组(CCI+A组)在损伤的坐骨神经旁置入电针,但无电流刺激;2 Hz组和100Hz组分别给予相应频率电流刺激30 min。在实验开始前和术后1、4、7、14、20、22天记录大鼠的热缩足反射潜伏期(Paw Withdrawal Latency,PWL)和机械刺激缩足反射阈值(Paw Withdrawal Threshold,PWT)。免疫组化方法检测脊髓背角SP的表达。结果:术后20天,电针治疗后,100 Hz组和2 Hz组PWT分别为(7.33±1.42)g和(7.80±1.42)g,均显著高于假电针组(2.60±1.46)g,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。100 Hz组在术后20天后和2 Hz组在术后14天后PWL值均显著高于假电针组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。免疫组化显示:2 Hz组和100 Hz组大鼠脊髓背角中P物质阳性细胞显著低于假电针组(P0.05)。结论:坐骨神经旁电针刺激能够显著减轻CCI模型大鼠热痛觉及机械痛觉过敏,其机制可能与抑制脊髓背角SP的表达有关。     

Plasma prion protein concentration and progression of Alzheimer disease

Background/Objective: Recently, PrP^c has been linked to AD pathogenesis. Second, a relation of PrP^c plasma levels with cognitive status and decline of healthy elderly subjects has been reported. Therefore, we hypothesized baseline plasma levels of PrP^c to be associated with AD progression in cognitive and functional domains.Materials and Methods: AD patients (n = 84) were included into an observational study at time of diagnosis. Baseline plasma PrP^c levels were determined. Decline was assessed annually (mean follow-up time 3 years) with the aid of different standardized tests (MMSE, iADL, bADL, GDS, UPDRSIII). Multiple regression analyses were used to uncover potential associations between decline and PrP^c levels.Results: No association of PrP^c and decline could be established. Presence of diabetes mellitus was linked to slower deterioration. Intake of neuroleptic drugs or memantine was associated with faster progression.Conclusion: Plasma PrP^c at baseline could not be shown to be related to AD progression in this study. An interesting association of diabetes mellitus and decline warrants further investigation.