部分小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析

利用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯胺凝胶电泳（SDS－PAGE）分析了85个小麦材料的高分子量谷蛋白亚基的构成,其结果表明：（1）目前生产中应用的优质小麦品种,大部分具有1A上的优质亚基1,1B上的14＋15／17＋18或1D上的5＋10,个别品种还同时聚合有1A,1B,1D上的优质亚基;（2）在所分析的28个八倍体小偃麦中,多数材料含有1,2^*和5＋10等优质亚基;（3）在本实验室创造的材料中,来源于中间偃麦草和普通小麦杂交的后代材料中大部分具有14＋15亚基。此外,个别种质材料还含有Payne亚基命名系统中未命名的一些稀有的高分子量谷蛋白亚基。     

染色体工程法聚合小麦优质麦谷蛋白亚基研究

采用小偃6号ID单体材料作为受体,中优6号、安农91168和皖38为5 10亚基的供体进行杂交,F1代田间苗期取根尖进行细胞学检测,孕穗期镜检花粉母细胞选择单体植株,并对其套袋自交。F2代籽粒在室内进行SDS-PAGE电泳筛选14 15和5 10亚基聚合且纯合籽粒,将5 10优质亚基转入当地主要优质源之一的小偃6号,同时将其聚合效率与正常二体杂交F2籽粒分离结果相比较。分析认为单体材料在亚基聚合中,其亚基分离完全符合一对基因的独立遗传,具有较高的选育效率。     

小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基效应的比较研究

采用SDS-PAGE方法,通过对5个亲本间杂交获得的F2群体每一单株的F3籽粒样本及其亲本进行小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）组成分析,并对每一F2单株上F3籽粒群体的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成与其籽粒蛋白质含量、SDS-沉降值的关系进行研究,分析比较黄淮麦区出现频率较高的7个亚基或亚基对的品质效应。结果表明：小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成不同群体间籽粒的蛋白质含量和SDS-沉降值基本达到显著或极显著水平。优质亚基表现为：1、7＋8、14＋15和5＋10亚基。因此,黄淮麦区小麦育种应加强对这些优质亚基的引入和利用,特别是对14＋15和5＋10亚基的引入和利用。     

SDS-PAGE分析转基因小麦与主栽小麦杂交后代的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基

目的:高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)1Ax1、1Dx5是对小麦面包烘烤品质有重要影响的优质亚基。将转基因小麦株系与普通小麦栽培品种常规杂交并快速筛选后代,以选育含有外源优质亚基的主栽小麦品系。方法:将分别含有1Ax1、1Dx5亚基的转基因小麦株系B102-1-2、B73-6-1与3种普通小麦主栽品种鄂恩1号、鄂麦12号、日喀则8号常规杂交,用不连续SDS-PAGE方法鉴定12组杂交组合(正反交)F1代311颗籽粒的HMW-GS。结果:不连续SDS-PAGE分析大量子代带型,能够快速鉴定筛选出具有优质亚基的株系,转基因获得的外源优质HMW-GS基因在大部分F1子代中能够共显性遗传。结论:常规杂交育种能使外源基因有效地整合进主栽小麦的基因组中,进一步分析后代遗传的稳定性和遗传规律就可以培育出优质的新品种;不连续SDS-PAGE快速筛选优质亚基的株系具有可操作性和实用性。     

硬粒小麦-节节麦人工合成种HMW-GS组成及1.5+10亚基的遗传分析

对C IMM YT的99份硬粒小麦—节节麦人工合成种(简称合成种)的HMW-G S组成分析发现,G lu-B 1和G lu-D 1位点的变异类型比普通小麦丰富,分别有9种和12种亚基类型;筛选出含有比5 10亚基更优质的1.5 10和5 12亚基的合成种分别有8份和1份;含有优质亚基1.5 10的合成种与普通小麦杂交结实正常;对2个合成种与2个普通小麦品种的8个正反交组合F1种子电泳发现,优质亚基1.5 10在F1代能正常表达,双亲所有亚基在F1代都得到表达,表现共显性遗传.本研究为优质亚基1.5 10和5 12转育到普通小麦中奠定了基础.     

杂交小麦‘西杂一号’种子纯度鉴定的研究

以杂种小麦新品种‘西杂一号’及其亲本为试验材料,利用A-PAGE和RAPD技术,对其进行了研究与分析.A-PAGE分析表明,亲本西农Fp-1和西农Mp-1有4条醇溶蛋白差异带,并在‘西杂一号’中表现出3对互补条带.从128个具有多态性随机引物中筛选出1个扩增带稳定、清晰且为双亲互补型的特征引物.并将这两种方法对‘西杂一号’种子纯度鉴定的结果与田间鉴定相比较,结果表明两种方法都可以用于杂种小麦杂交种及其亲本种子纯度的鉴定.     

青海糯性春小麦综合标记辅助育种研究

选用全糯小麦品种‘糯麦1号’与青海主要栽培品种‘阿勃’杂交,综合利用改良碘染色法、SDS-PAGE法和Waxy基因的分子标记等,对杂交后代进行了鉴定筛选。最终从F2代鉴定出了5粒全糯种子,从F3代鉴定出8株Wx-B1亚基缺失的植株。对全糯株系F3代的农艺性状进行评价,5个全糯株系的综合农艺性状都优于‘糯麦1号’,与‘阿勃’较接近。测定全糯株系和Wx-B1亚基缺失植株F4代种子的直链淀粉含量,5个全糯株系F4代种子的直链淀粉含量接近于0,8个Wx-B1亚基缺失植株F4代种子的直链淀粉含量在总体上比‘阿勃’的直链淀粉含量低。研究表明,采用综合标记辅助选择可快速而准确地获得适合在青海栽培的全糯和部分糯性小麦。     

湖北省优质杂交稻品种贮藏蛋白的比较研究

研究选取水稻品种共20个,其中包括湖北省近两年审定的优质杂交水稻品种10个(‘鄂早17’、‘鄂早18’、‘两优1193’、‘武香880’、‘岳优26’、‘宜优99’、‘协优96’、‘鄂晚12’、‘鄂中5号’、‘两优277’)以及7个普通杂交水稻(‘G98-202’、‘578’、‘两优637’、‘宜优22’、‘3685’、‘3089’、‘加育948’)和国家审定的优质水稻品种3个(‘嘉育948’、‘两优932’、‘舟903’),采用不连续的SDS-PAGE电泳分析种子贮藏蛋白,结果在谷蛋白中主要分离出57 kD的蛋白前体、37～39 kD的酸性亚基和22～23 kD的碱性亚基。同时,选取品种‘3089’、‘嘉育948’、‘537’、‘舟903’和‘两优932’,利用高效液相色谱法分析了种子贮藏蛋白中的谷蛋白亚基的含量。结果表明,水稻谷蛋白亚基含量的多少可以作为评价品种营养品质优劣的参考依据之一。     

转基因小麦外源优质亚基基因的杂交转育研究

在获得外源品质基因1Dx5和1Ax1超量表达的转基因小麦的基础上,利用小麦转基因品系‘B72-8-11b’和‘B102-1-2’为父本,主要以湖北省栽培品种‘鄂麦12’为母本,配置杂交组合。杂交后代中采用系谱选择法,结合HMW-GS鉴定,研究了转基因小麦外源品质基因在F1、F2、F3、F4代的传递,并筛选出外源1Dx5或1Ax1基因保持超表达的2个新型转基因株系;同时证明了将外源品质基因向栽培品种转育,是提高小麦优质亚基含量和提高HMW-GS总量的有效方法之一。     

抗条纹叶枯病香稻新品种的分子标记辅助选育

为解决上海主栽水稻品种普遍对条纹叶枯病缺乏抗性、大多数品种成熟期偏晚且食味品质不佳的状况,该研究以高产、广适性粳稻品种‘武运粳7号’为母本,与高抗条纹叶枯病水稻品系‘武2699’进行杂交,获得F1种子,再以早熟、香型优质品种‘太湖香粳’为父本,与(‘武运粳7号’ב武2699’)F_1进行复交,开展聚合育种;并分别利用与水稻抗条纹叶枯病基因QSTV-11b紧密连锁和香味控制基因Badh2共分离的分子标记,对分离世代进行辅助选择,筛选到含这2个基因的纯合基因型单株,结合田间抗性鉴定及香味测定,育成具有香味、高抗水稻条纹叶枯病、高产、优质等特点的早熟晚粳新品种‘沪香粳151’。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.