整合HA蛋白的HIV假病毒展示禽流感病毒感染宿主细胞机制

通过将高致病性禽流感病毒HA蛋白整合到HIV颗粒,包装成表达HA蛋白的假病毒粒子（命名为HIV/H5-HA）,并对所包装的假病毒的生物学功能进行了研究.通过RT PCR获得了H5N1亚型禽流感病毒完整的血凝素基因(HA)并克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)上,通过与假病毒构建体系的2种质粒pCMV△8.2和pHR′-CMVLacZ共转染293T细胞,包装成假病毒颗粒.利用LacZ染色和HA假病毒颗粒感染MDCK等6种细胞株并对标记基因LacZ进行检测.结果表明,HIV/H5-HA与天然的禽流感病毒相似,具有广泛的细胞嗜性; Western 印迹和FACS检测结果,和HA假病毒颗粒的电镜照片确认了HA基因在假病毒颗粒表面得到了表达;HIV/H5-HA能够凝集鸡红细胞,并且pH值依赖性测定表明,HA假病毒需要低pH值才能实现正确的入侵宿主细胞.本研究结果显示：禽流感病毒H5N1亚型的HA基因得到了有效的包装,并且所包装的假病毒颗粒能够表达具有高度生物活性的HA蛋白.同时,假病毒模型的建立为进一步研究禽流感病毒与宿主之间的免疫应答提供了一种新的途径.     

麻疹病毒血凝素基因工程抗原及其抗原性检测(英文)

将麻疹病毒 (Nepal株 )的血凝素 (hemagglutinin)基因插入真核表达载体pIRES EGFP ,并在HeLa细胞中表达 .因其较低的表达量 ,所以将其截短 ,去除跨膜区 .使这个截短的HA基因与绿色荧光蛋白基因融合 ,并克隆至原核表达载体pET 2 8b中 .将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌中表达 ,产生了分子量约为 90kD的融合蛋白 .通过ELISA和Western印迹来检测这个基因工程蛋白的抗原性 .在检测一系列的血凝素阳性或阴性的人血清中 ,这个融合蛋白的阳性检出率为 90 % ,阴性检出率为 10 0 % (与市售麻疹病毒诊断试剂盒相比较 ) .由于此HA蛋白是原核表达产物 ,回避了真核表达系统复杂的操作过程和昂贵的费用 ,所以 ,这个麻疹病毒血凝素基因工程抗原有望成为一种新型、便捷的麻疹病毒诊断试剂     

甲型H5N1流感病毒M2与HA双基因载体疫苗在小鼠体内的免疫学评价

高致病性H5N1亚型禽流感病毒 (AIV) 严重威胁到人类健康,因此研制高效、安全的禽流感疫苗具有重要意义。以我国分离的首株人H5N1亚型禽流感病毒 (A/Anhui/1/2005) 作为研究对象,PCR扩增基质蛋白2 (M2) 和血凝素 (HA) 基因全长开放阅读框片段,构建共表达H5N1亚型AIV膜蛋白基因 M2和HA的重组质粒pStar-M2/HA。此外,还通过同源重组以293细胞包装出表达M2基因的重组腺病毒Ad-M2以及表达HA基因的重组腺病毒Ad-HA。用间接免疫荧光 (IFA) 方法检测到了各载体上插入基因的表达。按初免-加强程序分别用重组质粒pStar-M2/HA和重组腺病毒Ad-HA+Ad-M2免疫BALB/c小鼠,共免疫4次,每次间隔14 d。第1、3次用DNA疫苗,第2、4次用重组腺病毒载体疫苗,每次免疫前及末次免疫后14 d采集血清用于检测体液免疫应答,末次免疫后14 d采集脾淋巴细胞用于检测细胞免疫应答。血凝抑制 (HI) 实验检测到免疫后小鼠血清中的HI活性。ELISA实验检测到免疫后小鼠血清中抗H5N1亚型流感病毒表面蛋白的IgG抗体。ELISPOT实验检测到免疫后小鼠针对M2蛋白和HA蛋白的特异性细胞免疫应答。流感病毒M2与HA双基因共免疫的研究,为研究开发新型重组流感疫苗奠定了基础。     

人免疫缺陷病毒1型TAT突变蛋白及反义TAT RNA对TAT反式激活作用的抑制

Ｔａｔ是人免疫缺陷病毒（ＨＩＶ）基因组编码的反式激活因子,突变分析表明它含有几个重要的功能域。为寻找控制ＨＩＶ复制的途径,构建了以ＨＩＶ－１ＬＴＲ（－１５８－＋８０）为启动子的Ｔａｔ ｃＤＮＡ全长反义表达质粒ｐＡＳ－Ｔａｔ,并用已经构建的ＨＩＶ ＬＴＲ－１５８到＋８０为启动子,具有不同突变点的突变Ｔａｔ基因表达质粒,以荧光酶基因为报告基因,共转染Ｊｕｒｋａｔ细胞,结果发现无论是反义Ｔａｔ表达质粒还     

禽流感病毒HA基因真核表达质粒的构建与表达

血凝素蛋白（HA）基因是禽流感病毒（AIV）重要的保护性抗原基因.为了研究 HA基因疫苗,用PCR扩增H5亚型AIV HA基因,将其克隆到质粒pcDNA4/HisMax和pRc/CMV上得到真核表达质粒pC4H5和pCMVH5.采用Tfx^TM-20、Superfect转染试剂和电转染法转染HeLa细胞,转染后的HeLa细胞经蛋白质印迹和血凝试验检测HA蛋白及其活性.结果表明,Superfect转染和电转染均能正确表达HA蛋白并具有生物学活性,蛋白质印迹检测到HA和HA裂解的HA1和HA2,与AIV 的HA、HA1、HA2蛋白的分子质量一致.从血凝试验结果看,Superfect和电转染表达的HA均具有血凝活性,而经Superfect转染的pC4H5的表达量是pCMVH5的8倍,表明pC4H5是一高效的真核表达质粒.     

Coexpression of the simian immunodeficiency virus Env and Rev proteins by a recombinant human adenovirus host range mutant.

Recombinant human adenoviruses (Ads) that replicate in the intestinal tract offer a novel, yet practical, means of immunoprophylaxis against a wide variety of viral and bacterial pathogens. For some infectious agents such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the potential for residual infectious material in vaccine preparations must be eliminated. Therefore, recombinant human Ads that express noninfectious HIV or other microbial proteins are attractive vaccine candidates. To test such an approach for HIV, we chose an experimental model of AIDS based on simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques. Our data demonstrate that the SIV Env gene products are expressed in cultured cells after infection with a recombinant Ad containing both SIV env and rev genes. An E3 deletion vector derived from a mutant of human Ad serotype 5 that efficiently replicates in both human and monkey cells was used to bypass the usual host range restriction of Ad infection. In addition, we show that the SIV rev gene is properly spliced from a single SIV subgenomic DNA fragment and that the Rev protein is expressed in recombinant Ad-SIV-infected human as well as monkey cells. The expression of SIV gene products in suitable live Ad vectors provides an excellent system for studying the regulation of SIV gene expression in cultured cells and evaluating the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of SIV proteins in macaques.     

重组鸡γ_干扰素在昆虫细胞中的高效表达

将鸡γ-干扰素(ChIFN-γ)基因克隆到载体pFASTBAC1中,构建转移载体pFASTBAC1-ChIFN-γ,然后转化DH10Bac感受态大肠杆菌,通过位点特异性转座,将ChIFN-γ基因整合到Bacmid穿梭载体中,构建表达质粒Bacmid-ChIFN-γ;通过脂质体将表达质粒转染Sf9昆虫细胞,用间接免疫荧光试验鉴定重组鸡γ-干扰素(rChIFN-γ)的表达;通过水泡性口炎病毒感染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)的细胞病变抑制试验,检测rChIFN-γ的活性。研究结果表明,感染重组杆状病毒的Sf9细胞能高效表达rChIFN-γ,且当每个细胞的感染量为1个病毒时,细胞在感染96h后,rChIFN-γ基因表达产物的活性最高,达到106~107.2U/mL。以rChIFN-γ进行对新城疫病毒(NDV)F48E8株、禽流感H5N1病毒(AIV-H5)和马立克氏病病毒(MDV)GA株的抗病毒活性试验,发现rChIFN-γ对AIV-H5和MDV GA株病毒有明显的抑制其致细胞病变作用,但对NDVF48E8株病毒在体外不能抑制其致细胞病变作用,仅能在病毒滴度上表现抑制效果。     

Development of an avian leukosis-sarcoma virus subgroup A pseudotyped lentiviral vector

We are using avian leukosis-sarcoma virus (ALSV) vectors to generate mouse tumor models in transgenic mice expressing TVA, the receptor for subgroup A ALSV. Like other classical retroviruses, ALSV requires cell division to establish a provirus after infection of host cells. In contrast, lentiviral vectors are capable of integrating their viral DNA into the genomes of nondividing cells. With the intention of initiating tumorigenesis in resting, TVA-positive cells, we have developed a system for the preparation of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-based lentiviral vector, pseudotyped with the envelope protein of ALSV subgroup A (EnvA). The HIV(ALSV-A) vector retains the requirement for TVA on the surface of target cells and can be produced at titers of 5 x 10(3) infectious units (IU)/ml. By inserting the central polypurine tract (cPPT) from the HIV-1 pol gene and removing the cytoplasmic tail of EnvA, the pseudotype can be produced at titers approaching 10(5) IU/ml and can be concentrated by ultracentrifugation to titers of 10(7) IU/ml. HIV(ALSV-A) also infects embryonic fibroblasts derived from transgenic mice in which TVA expression is driven by the beta-actin promoter. In addition, this lentivirus pseudotype efficiently infects these fibroblasts after cell cycle arrest, when they are resistant to infection by ALSV vectors. This system may be useful for introducing genes into somatic cells in adult TVA transgenic animals and allows evaluation of the effects of altered gene expression in differentiated cell types in vivo.     

A High-Capacity, Capsid-Modified Hybrid Adenovirus/Adeno-Associated Virus Vector for Stable Transduction of Human Hematopoietic Cells

To achieve stable gene transfer into human hematopoietic cells, we constructed a new vector, DeltaAd5/35.AAV. This vector has a chimeric capsid containing adenovirus type 35 fibers, which conferred efficient infection of human hematopoietic cells. The DeltaAd5/35.AAV vector genome is deleted for all viral genes, allowing for infection without virus-associated toxicity. To generate high-capacity DeltaAd5/35.AAV vectors, we employed a new technique based on recombination between two first-generation adenovirus vectors. The resultant vector genome contained an 11.6-kb expression cassette including the human gamma-globin gene and the HS2 and HS3 elements of the beta-globin locus control region. The expression cassette was flanked by adeno-associated virus (AAV) inverted terminal repeats (ITRs). Infection with DeltaAd5/35.AAV allowed for stable transgene expression in a hematopoietic cell line after integration into the host genome through the AAV ITR(s). This new vector exhibits advantages over existing integrating vectors, including an increased insert capacity and tropism for hematopoietic cells. It has the potential for stable ex vivo transduction of hematopoietic stem cells in order to treat sickle cell disease.     

人高致病性禽流感病毒H5N1安徽株HA、M2蛋白双顺反子表达载体的构建及表达研究

将我国分离的人H5N1亚型禽流感病毒A/Anhui/1/2005作为研究对象,扩增其HA和M2基因片段并克隆至DNA疫苗表达载体pVRC中,构建成真核表达质粒。为提高HA的表达量,按照人偏爱密码子将HA基因进行优化改造,经全基因合成后插入真核表达载体pVRC,以β-actin蛋白为内参比证明了优化后的HA蛋白表达效果明显提高。将M2基因和优化后的HA基因共同克隆入双顺反子表达载体pIRES中,获得同时表达HA或M2的双顺反子真核表达质粒;通过Western blot和间接免疫荧光检测方法,确认构建的重组质粒在真核细胞中成功地表达了目的蛋白HA和M2。通过上述结果为进一步开展人高致病性禽流感病毒安徽株HA和M2基因的功能与致病性研究及使用表达HA和M2蛋白进行新型人用禽流感双价疫苗研发奠定基础。     

甲型H1N1流感病毒HA基因在昆虫细胞中的截短表达

目的:利用Bac-to-Bac Baculovirus Expression System表达重组HA蛋白,Western blot及IFA方法鉴定其表达。方法:采用PCR方法扩增A/California/04/2009(H1N1)HA基因,将其克隆到pFastBacHT A载体上,重组质粒pFastBacHT-HA经双酶切及测序鉴定正确后,转化阳性重组载体进入E.coli DH10Bac感受态细胞中,通过Bluo-gal蓝白斑筛选、PCR鉴定获得重组转座子rBacmid-HA。从重组转座子中提取rBacmid-HA质粒DNA转染sf 9昆虫细胞,制备重组杆状病毒。重组杆状病毒感染sf 9细胞表达重组蛋白,Western blot及IFA鉴定重组蛋白表达情况。结论:成功构建了甲型H1N1流感病毒HA基因的昆虫杆状病毒表达载体,该表达载体转染昆虫细胞后制备的重组杆状病毒病毒滴度较高,重组杆状病毒表达的重组蛋白经Western blot 及IFA 鉴定后具有良好的免疫反应原性。     

A retroviral vector capable of targeted gene transfer into cells expressing HIV envelope glycoprotein

An expression vector encoding a chimeric envelope protein composed of CD4 and ecotropic retroviral envelope glycoprotein was constructed with the aim of accomplishing targeted gene transfer into HIV-1-infected cells. The chimeric protein was efficiently expressed and transported to the surfaces of various cell types and supported HIV-1 entry into human cells. A packaging cell line producing retroviral vectors carrying chimeric envelope proteins was then established. The vector particles produced were shown to be capable of specific gene transfer into human cells expressing HIV envelope glycoprotein. Blocking experiments confirmed that the vector particles entered the cells via an interaction between the chimeric and HIV envelope proteins. This targeting vector may thus be a useful tool with which to develop effective gene therapies against HIV infection.     

Replication-defective vectors of reticuloendotheliosis virus transduce exogenous genes into somatic stem cells of the unincubated chicken embryo.

Replication-defective vectors derived from reticuloendotheliosis virus were used to transduce exogenous genes into early somatic stem cells of the chicken embryo. One of these vectors transduced and expressed the chicken growth hormone coding sequence. The helper cell line, C3, was used to generate stocks of vector containing about 10(4) transducing units per ml. Injection of 5- to 20-microliters volumes of vector directly beneath the blastoderm of unincubated chicken embryos led to infection of somatic stem cells. Infected embryos and adults contained unrearranged integrated proviral DNAs. Embryos expressed the transduced chicken growth hormone gene and contained high levels of serum growth hormone. Blood, brain, muscle, testis, and semen contained from individuals injected as embryos contained vector DNA. Replication-defective vectors of the reticuloendotheliosis virus transduced exogenous genes into chicken embryonic stem cells in vivo.     

Lines of BPV-transformed murine cells that constitutively express influenza virus hemagglutinin.

We have developed and characterized several murine cell lines that constitutively express either the full-length, membrane-bound form of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) or a truncated version of the protein (HAsec) that lacks the carboxyterminal anchoring sequences and is secreted from cells. cDNAs encoding HA or HAsec were linked to the murine metallothionein-I promoter or the SV40 early promoter, and inserted into plasmids containing the transforming DNA fragment of bovine papilloma virus (BPV). The resulting vectors were introduced into three cultured lines of murine cells--C127, NIH3T3 and MME--either alone or in the presence of a plasmid that carries the aminoglycoside transferase gene of Tn5. The resulting lines of MME cells contained 1-5 copies of the vector in an integrated state and expressed low levels of HA (approximately 10(4) molecules/cell). In contrast, lines of C127 and NIH3T3 cells were obtained that express up to 5 X 10(6) molecules of HA per cell or secrete approximately 10(7) molecules of HAsec per cell per 24 h. Some of these cell lines carry multiple (30-200) copies of the vector in an integrated state; in others, the vector is propagated as unit-length episomes or as oligomers. Both the membrane-bound and secreted forms of HA expressed in these cell lines display a more extensive pattern of glycosylation than HA or HAsec synthesized in simian cells and they are transported to the cell surface more slowly. Pulse-chase experiments suggest that the step which limits the rate at which HA and HAsec travel down the secretory pathway occurs in the rough endoplasmic reticulum before the molecules are transferred to the Golgi apparatus. Using indirect immunofluorescence in combination with a cell sorter, we have shown that the level of expression of HA within cloned populations of producing cells can be variable. However, greater than 90% of the cells in certain cell lines display considerable quantities of HA on their surface, as judged by their ability to bind red blood cells in large numbers. We have taken advantage of the membrane fusion activity of HA to effect the fusion of erythrocytes to these cells and to deliver the contents of red cell ghosts into the cells' cytoplasm.     

表达H5N1亚型禽流感病毒HA蛋白的重组鼠白血病病毒的特性

通过反转录 聚合酶链式反应 (RT PCR)扩增了H5N1亚型鹅源禽流感病毒 (AIV)完整的血凝素 (HA)基因并进行了克隆与鉴定。序列测定结果已经登陆GenBank ,登陆号为AY6 394 0 5。序列分析表明所扩增的HA基因开放性阅读框架 (ORF)由170 7个核苷酸组成 ,共编码 5 6 8个氨基酸 ,裂解位点的氨基酸组成为RKKR↓GLF ,含连续的碱性氨基酸 ,具有高致病性AIVHA基因裂解位点的特征。构建了含HA基因的真核表达载体pcDNA HA ,通过与鼠白血病病毒 (MuLV)假病毒构建体系的两种质粒pHIT6 0和pHIT111共转染人胚肾细胞 2 93T ,4 8h后收集假病毒上清 ,超离后通过Western blot证明HA蛋白能够在假病毒颗粒表面表达 ,表明HA能够整合到此病毒粒子表面。通过感染 2 93T、COS 7和NIH3T3三种不同的靶细胞 ,证实所构建的假病毒粒子具有感染性和泛嗜性。本研究成功构建了具有感染性的MuLV HA假病毒体系 ,为研究鹅源禽流感病毒侵入细胞的机理及其组织嗜性的变异提供一种新方法。     

Activation of innate immunity, inflammation, and potentiation of DNA vaccination through mammalian expression of the TLR5 agonist flagellin

Improving DNA vaccination remains a fundamental goal in vaccine research. Theoretically, this could be achieved by molecules encoded by DNA capable of activating TLRs to mimic inflammatory responses generated by infection. Therefore, we constructed an expression vector that allows mammalian cells to express the TLR5 agonist flagellin (FliC) at the cell surface. In vitro, cell lines expressing FliC stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines and the up-regulation of costimulatory molecules on monocytes. Mice given the FliC expression vector intradermally exhibited site-specific inflammation and, in combination with vectors expressing Ags, developed dramatic increases in Ag-specific IgG as well as IgA. Surprisingly, mice also developed strong Ag-specific MHC class I-restricted cellular immunity. To determine whether vaccination using FliC vectors could elicit protective immunity to an infectious agent, mice were given dermal injections of FliC expression vector together with a vector encoding the influenza A virus nucleoprotein. This vaccination strategy elicited protective immunity to lethal influenza A virus infection. These results demonstrate that expression of DNA-encoded TLR agonists by mammalian cells greatly enhance and broaden immune responses, imposing new possibilities on DNA vaccination to infectious agents and cancer.