强度不同的间歇跑台训练对生长期大鼠骨代谢及相关激素的影响

目的:探讨强度不同的间歇跑台训练对生长期大鼠骨代谢的影响,以期为青少年训练强度的制定提供理论支持。方法:选取4周龄雄性wistar大鼠70只,根据体重随机搭配分成7组(n=10):即对照组和运动组。运动组按照大鼠摄氧量分为:65%组,70%组,75%组,80%组,85%组和90%组。跑台训练9周,每周训练6 d,每组训练分3次,每次不低于10 min,中间间隔30 min。最后一次运动后24 h,取股骨和血进行骨密度(BMD)、骨量(BMC)和血清中的碱性磷酸酶(AKP),抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(Str-ACP)的测定。结果:①70%组股骨的BMD(0.1393±0.0031)、BMC(0.4525±0.0335)显著高于对照组(BMD:0.1200±0.0095,BMC:0.3238±0.0485)和其他各运动组(65%组BMD:0.1339±0.0062、BMC:0.4058±0.0492,75%组BMD:0.1296±0.0015、BMC:0.3869±0.0254,80%组BMD:0.1223±0.0082、BMC:0.3454±0.0483,85%组BMD:0.1250±0.0044、BMC:0.3731±0.0381,90%组BMD:0.1171±0.0047、BMC:0.3051±0.0286)(P<0.05),90%组的BMD、BMC低于对照组但未达到显著水平,其他各运动组均高于对照组;②各运动组血清AKP均显著高于对照组,其中65%组(41.015±2.114)、70%组(46.035±2.611)、75%组(43.834±3.155)、80%组(38.043±4.073)血清AKP非常显著高于对照组(26.875±1.188)(P<0.01),70%组和75%组血清AKP显著高于80%组、85%组、90%组(P<0.05),同时70%组血清AKP显著高于65%组(P<0.05),这说明70%VO2max的训练强度成骨细胞最活跃。各运动组血清StrACP均显著高于对照组,随着训练强度的增加,血清StrACP水平呈上升趋势,80%组(22.430±1.591)、85%组(23.990±1.870)、90%组(28.009±1.839)血清StrACP显著高于65%组(18.503±2.429)、70%组(16.447±2.120)和75%组(17.769±1.642)(P<0.05),90%组血清StrACP均显著高于80%组和85%组(P<0.05)。结论:70%VO2max的中等强度间歇跑台训练使生长期大鼠骨量、骨密度增加最明显。     

主动运动训练和被动运动训练对人工全膝关节置换患者的随机对照研究

摘要 目的：对比主动运动训练和被动运动训练在人工全膝关节置换（TKA）患者中的应用效果。方法：选择2017年4月~2021年8月期间我院骨科收治的TKA患者65例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为主动组（主动运动训练）和被动组（被动运动训练）,各为33例和32例。对比两组生活自理能力、平衡能力、疼痛情况、膝关节功能情况、膝关节活动度和生活质量。结果：两组术后1周、术后2周Barthel指数（BI）、Berg平衡量表（BBS）、美国膝关节外科学会评分标准（KSS）评分均较术前升高,视觉疼痛模拟法（VAS）评分均较术前下降（P<0.05）。主动组BI、BBS、KSS评分高于被动组,VAS评分低于被动组（P<0.05）。两组术前、术后3 d、术后7 d被动关节活动度（PROM）、主动关节活动度（AROM）均下降后升高（P<0.05）,主动组术后3 d AROM、PROM高于被动组（P<0.05）。两组术后3个月生理职能、生理机能、一般健康、躯体疼痛、社会功能、精力、精神健康、情感职能各维度评分均升高,且主动组高于被动组（P<0.05）。结论：与被动运动训练相比,主动运动训练应用于TKA患者,可减轻患者疼痛,改善膝关节活动度及功能,改善患者生活自理能力,提高其生活质量的效果均更显著。     

训练专一性对无氧阈测定的影响

本文对以上肢训练为主的15名优秀皮划艇运动员和以下肢训练为主的14名优秀中长跑运动员在两种常规负荷方式下的无氧阈及最大吸氧量进行了测定分析,以探讨训练专一性对无氧阈测定的影响。采用踏车式功量计和活动平板方式逐级递增负荷,通过与Apple Ⅱ_E辅助联机的Jaeger EOS自动分析系统,以通气和气体交换指标的变化,无创性地测定无氧阈和最大吸氧量。结果表明,训练专一性会影响无氧阈测定结果。欲测得最高的无氧阈值,实验室测试手段就应当尽量模拟训练时的运动形式。此外,能敏感地反映出运动训练专一性适应的是无氧阈时的吸氧量绝对值(1/min),而不是无氧阈的相对值(％Vo_2max)。     

Understanding ageing effects using complexity analysis of foot–ground clearance during walking

Ageing influences gait patterns which in turn can affect the balance control of human locomotion. Entropy-based regularity and complexity measures have been highly effective in analysing a broad range of physiological signals. Minimum toe clearance (MTC) is an event during the swing phase of the gait cycle and is highly sensitive to the spatial balance control properties of the locomotor system. The aim of this research was to investigate the regularity and complexity of the MTC time series due to healthy ageing and locomotors' disorders. MTC data from 30 healthy young (HY), 27 healthy elderly (HE) and 10 falls risk (FR) elderly subjects with balance problems were analysed. Continuous MTC data were collected and using the first 500 data points, MTC mean, standard deviation (SD) and entropy-based complexity analysis were performed using sample entropy (SampEn) for different window lengths (m) and filtering levels (r). The MTC SampEn values were lower in the FR group compared to the HY and HE groups for all m and r. The HY group had a greater mean SampEn value than both HE and FR reflecting higher complexity in their MTC series. The mean SampEn values of HY and FR groups were found significantly different for m = 2, 4, 5 and r = (0.1–0.9) × SD, (0.3–0.9) × SD and (0.3–0.9) × SD, respectively. They were also significant difference between HE and FR groups for m = 4–5 and r = (0.3–0.7) × SD, but no significant differences were seen between HY and HE groups for any m and r. A significant correlation of SampEn with SD of MTC was revealed for the HY and HE groups only, suggesting that locomotor disorders could significantly change the regularity or the complexity of the MTC series while healthy ageing does not. These results can be usefully applied to the early diagnosis of common gait pathologies.     

下肢康复训练方法的研究现状

下肢运动功能障碍严重影响了患者的日常生活及步行的功能,严重时会造成偏瘫等现象,越来越多的研究者致力于寻找新的有效的下肢康复训练方法。目前临床常用的下肢康复训练方法有肌电生物反馈与综合康复训练结合法、针灸联合康复训练法、电刺激疗法和步态训练法。本文针对近年来下肢康复训练方法的多样性进行了系统回顾及总结,尤其对早期介入的减重步态训练康复模式进行了综述及展望。     

Impairment of motor coordination in mice after ingestion of aluminum chloride

The mechanisms of aluminum (Al) neurotoxicity is of increasing interest. Al compounds are known to produce neurological and behavioral abnormalities in some mammalian species. The present study was designed to determine the effects of Al chloride on the skilled motor performance in mice on the rota-rod treadmill. Al chloride, depending on the duration of treatment, produced an impairment of the motor coordination ability in mice.     

Neuromuscular strategies for lumbopelvic control during frontal and sagittal plane movement challenges differ between people with and without low back pain

Observation-based assessments of movement are a standard component in clinical assessment of patients with non-specific low back pain. While aberrant motion patterns can be detected visually, clinicians are unable to assess underlying neuromuscular strategies during these tests. The purpose of this study was to compare coordination of the trunk and hip muscles during 2 commonly used assessments for lumbopelvic control in people with low back pain (LBP) and matched control subjects. Electromyography was recorded from hip and trunk muscles of 34 participants (17 with LBP) during performance of the Active Hip Abduction (AHAbd) and Active Straight Leg Raise (ASLR) tests. Relative muscle timing was calculated using cross-correlation. Participants with LBP demonstrated a variable strategy, while control subjects used a consistent proximal to distal activation strategy during both frontal and sagittal plane movements. Findings from this study provide insight into underlying neuromuscular control during commonly used assessment tests for patients with LBP that may help to guide targeted intervention approaches.