粉叶小檗愈伤组织单细胞克隆

以粉叶小檗愈伤组织为材荆,用B5液体培养基进行悬浮培养建立悬浮细胞糸。经3～4次继代培养即可得到悬浮的单细胞。悬浮细胞通过细胞平板克隆(一般B5培养基平板克隆、优化培养基平板克隆和条件培养基平板克隆),经5代连续继代培养观察和薄板层析-分光光度法分析,发现用优化培养基进行平板克隆植板率最高,且克隆最易成功,并且还筛选到一株小檗碱产率高且稳定的克隆CV-57,其平均生手速率为每天14．412mg／L,为原始株系的1．91倍,平均小檗碱含量为干重的2．17％,是原始株系的2．26倍。     

高产人参寡糖素培养细胞克隆系的筛选

人参（ＰａｎａｘｇｉｎｓｅｎｇＣ．Ａ．Ｍｅｙ．）培养细胞经细胞平板克隆,获得近３００个克隆系。克隆系在细胞生长速率和寡糖素含量及产率上均存在显著差异,且寡糖素产率和细胞生长之间有明显的相关性。经１１代连续继代培养观察及过氧化物酶同工酶谱特征分析,筛选到一株寡糖素产率高且稳定的克隆系ＰＧ－１８０,其平均生长速率是０．４９５ｇ于重／Ｌ·天,为原始株系的１．３９倍,平均寡糖素含量为１４．６９％干重,是亲本的１．６５倍,平均寡糖素产率是２．１８３ｇ／Ｌ,为原始株系的２．３２倍。比较克隆系ＰＧ－１８０和原始株系细胞悬浮培养时间进程发现,由人参培养细胞生产寡糖素的最佳细胞收获期为３周左右。     

黄连细胞培养物中小檗碱的分离与鉴定

用黄连幼叶切块,接种在含1．0～2．0mg／L 2,4-D和0．1mg／LKT的6．7-v固体培养基上,诱导形成愈伤组织。选择较松散的愈伤组织转入液体悬浮培养,获得游离细胞和细胞聚集体。通过平板培养和细胞株的筛选．选择小檗碱含量较高的细胞株。经35次转代培养后,进行固体、液体培养。收集悬浮培养细胞进行化学提取和分离,获得黄色晶体,经TLc、UV、IR、MS鉴定分析为小檗碱,与天然植物提取分离的小檗碱具有相同的生理活性。     

红花单细胞克隆的建立

KT,2,4-D 及 NAA 能提高红花(Cathamus tinctorius)细胞克隆平板培养的植板率。这三种激素对细胞生长的最佳搭配是2,4-D2.0mg/l,KT0.3mg/l,NAA 0.5mg/1。红花细胞悬浮继代培养代数不同,其植板率相差甚远,用悬浮培养第三代的细胞做材料最好,其植板率是第一代悬浮培养细胞做材料的8.5倍。红花细胞克隆的条件培养的植板率是普通平板培养的3.6倍。固-液双层培养的植板率是普通平板培养的4.7倍。对已建立的红花细胞克隆进行生长速率的比较表明,生长最漫的克隆的生长速率为3.08g/g/35天,生长最决的克隆的生长速率高达23.33g/g/35天。     

九连小檗悬浮培养细胞的固定化研究

用藻酸钙及聚氨酯泡沫固定九连小檗悬浮培养细胞，结果表明：采用延滞期的细胞固定时，到培养基的药根碱较多。电镜观察显示：固定的细胞在聚氨酯泡沫网格中不断生长，直至充满整个泡沫，并有一部分在泡沫表面生长。２０天继代一次。连续培养１４０天后，通过测定呼吸强度，证明细胞仍有生活力。     

高产人参寡糖素培养细胞变异克隆系的筛选

用２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＭＮＮＧ处理经过滤的人参悬浮培养细胞１小时后,细胞存活率下降显著,细胞克隆植板率只是对照组的１０．１２％。经细胞平板克隆共获得克降系１５１株,其中很多克隆系转移培养中生长缓慢,甚至不生长而死亡,经分析可供测定的克隆系生长的寡糖素含量的差异,对１１株寡糖素含量较高克隆系经连续１０代继代培养观察,选出一株稳定高产人参寡糖素优良克隆系ＰＧＭＢ－３７,其平均生长速率是０．５５８ｇＤＷＬ＾     

人参培养细胞的单细胞克隆

培养基组成成分能影响人参培养细胞单细胞克隆的植板率。Ms培养基中2,4－D和KT需要一个适合的浓度比才能有效地促进细胞克隆的形成,其最佳浓度组合是2,4－D1．5mg／L和KT O．5mg／L。适合人参细胞克隆形成的NH₄N0₃浓度是400mg／L,CaCl₂.2H₂O浓度是750mg／L。向培养基中补加适量的琥珀酸、精氨酸和维生素等都能明显提高植板率。通过优化培养基的组成成分,细胞克隆的植板率可增加到2.34倍。悬浮培养两周左右的细胞平板培养最有利克隆形成,当细胞植板密度低于4×10³个细胞／ml时,几乎没有克隆形成。     

粉叶小檗细胞的悬浮培养及某些相关的生理生化特性

研究了粉叶小檗细胞悬浮培养过程中细胞生长与小檗碱合成的时间进程,以及某些生理生化特性与上述二者之间的关系。结果表明,细胞生长速度为0．7585g（DW）·L-1（培养基）·d-1,细胞产率在第13d达最大值,为986g·L-1（培养基）。小檗碱含量在第10d最高,为2.51％;小檗碱最大产率出现在第13d,为200.2mg·L-1培养基）。细胞生长和小檗碱积累与培养液中的可溶性精、总磷含量和电导率的变化是负相关,与过氧化物酶活性变化相平行,细胞内可溶性蛋白含量的增加比细胞生长提前。     

人参培养细胞单细胞克隆的条件培养

来自细胞悬浮培养物的条件培养基能显著地促进人参培养细胞的单细胞在较低细胞植板密度培养时的克隆形成。每毫升含3×10³个细胞时,条件培养的植板率是普通平板培养的4倍。细胞悬浮培养12－16天时所制备的条件培养基活性最大,在一定浓度范围内随条件培养基浓度增加。细胞克隆植板率随之增加。条件培养基具有一定的生理作用专一性。看护培养和条件培养的比较,表明前者在细胞密度较低时能更有效地促进细胞克隆的形成和生长。条件培养基在4℃条件下贮存两周仍保持活性稳定,并且能耐受高温处理。当受到强酸或强碱处理其活性失去．但在弱酸或弱碱条件下稳定。     

从九连小檗细胞培养物中分离和鉴定药根碱

九连小檗的叶片,在含有2,4-D(1mg/l),KT(0.1mg/l),琼脂(0.8%),蔗糖(2%)的B,培养基上,诱导出愈伤组织,在25±2℃条件下进行固体、液体培养、收集悬浮培养20天的细胞进行化学抽提和分离,得到一种橙黄色结晶,经 HPLC、UV、IR、MS 和 NMR 等分析鉴定,证明为药根碱。经药理试验表现有明显的生理活性。     

Screening of Clone Lines with High Yield of Oligosaccharins from Culture Cells of Panax ginseng

Cell plating clone technique was employed to screen clone lines with high yield of oligosaccharins from culture cells of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. Near 300 clone lines were obtained. The results from some clone lines analysed implied that these clone lines were significantly different in cell growth rate, oligosaccharins content and yield. Furthermore, there was a distinct correlation between oligosaccharins productivity and cell growth. A more stable high-yield oligosaccharin clone line PG-180 had been selected according to the characteristics of growth rate, oligosaccharin yield and peroxidases isozyme patterns during successive subculturing of 11 generations of clone lines. The mean growth rate of clone line PG-180 was 0. 495 g dry wt/L · d, and was 1.39 folds higher than to the original strain. Its mean content and yield of oligosaccharins were 14. 69 % dry wt and 2.183 g/L, which were 65 % and 132% respectively higher than those of the original strain. In comparing the time course of cell suspension culture between clone line PG-180 and the original strain, the optimal period for high oligosaccharin production from P. ginseng culture cells was approximately three weeks.     

高产黄酮苷银杏悬浮培养细胞系选育和继代培养稳定性研究

银杏叶中主要有效成分黄酮苷和萜内酯,具有多种药理作用,银杏叶提取物(EGB)及其加工品具有广阔的市场前景[1,2].为满足市场需要,Carrier等[3]在90年代初就开始细胞培养生产黄酮苷和萜内酯的研究.细胞大规模培养生产黄酮苷的关键技术之一是选育性状稳定、生产能力强的细胞系.     

Characteristics of a mastocytoma cell line adapted to in-vitro culture]

A cell line adapted to in vitro culture was obtained starting from ascites type mastocytoma cells which were maintained by successive transplantation in mice. The cells make colonies in liquid culture medium as well as on agar plate. In comparison under microscope and of behaviour in abdominal cavity of mice, no difference was detected between cells of this cell line and those of original one.     

Production of higher levels of trigonelline by cell cultures of Trigonella foenum-graecum than by the differentiated plant

Callus cultures of Trigonella foenum-graecum contained 3 to 4 times more trigonelline than the seeds of this plant and 12 to 13 times more than the roots and shoots. Even higher levels of this alkaloid were produced by suspension cultures. This high productivity was maintained during successive subculturing of calli and cell suspensions for eight months. Thus, trigonelline is to be added to the group of the few metabolites whose synthesis in cell cultures exceeds its production in the differentiated plants. Media that had supported the growth of suspension cultures contained one third or more of the total alkaloid, whereas media of callus cultures contained about one tenth of this substance. Trigonelline accumulated in callus and suspension cultures with aging. Raising the level of nicotinic acid in the nutrient medium resulted in some increase of trigonelline production by the culture.Abbreviations 2.4 D 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - IAA indoleacetic acid - IPA indolepropionic acid - NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid - GA Gibberellic acid - K kinetin     

Embryogenic cell suspensions of Triticum aestivum x Leymus angustus F1 hybrids: characterization and plant regeneration

Summary Embryogenic cell suspension cultures were established from Triticum aestivum X Leymus angustus F₁ hybrids, using compact nodular calli derived from inflorescence segments. Calli originating from leaf segments did not give rise to stable cell suspensions. Growth measurements of the cell suspensions revealed that they continued rapid growth up to 10 days after subculturing. Flow cytometric studies of the cell cycle over a 7 day culture period showed that the majority of cells were in G₁ phase while the rest were either in S or G₂. During the 7 days of culture, no significant differences in DNA distribution patterns were observed. The cells from suspension cultures produced somatic embryos when they were transferred to different solid media. The embryos germinated and gave rise to plantlets which were successfully rooted and transferred to soil.     

Histology of early somatic embryogenesis inHevea brasiliensis: The importance of the timing of subculturing

Somatic embryos ofHevea brasiliensis can be obtained by culturing thin sections of inner tegument of seed on two successive different media, MH1 and MH3. Histological study showed that in calli cultured on non-renewed medium MH1 for 40 days, the embryogenesis process initiated on the 20th day did not produce results owing to early degeneration of the cells involved in the embryogenic pathway. However, typical embryogenic cells formed when medium MH1 was renewed once during the first phase of culture (between day 20 and day 30). Proembryos developed when the calli were subcultured on medium MH3 10–15 days later. Embryogenic cells did not form when there was frequent renewal of medium MH1 or early subculturing on MH3 after less than 40 days of culture on MH1. Methodical histological monitoring of the development of embryogenic quality of calli thus made it possible to define the optimum culture sequences for the embryogenesis process and which are favourable for regular obtaining of proembryos.     

油菜游离细胞培养及易再生的体细胞无性系的建立

以芥菜型油菜(Brcssica juncea)下胚轴来源的愈伤组织为材料,进行悬浮细胞振荡培养,得到游离的单细胞。这些细胞作浅层液体静置培养,可获得高频率的愈伤组织。在附加有水解乳蛋白200毫克/升、BA 2—3毫克/升及GA,0.1—1毫克/升的MS培养基上,这些愈伤组织分化了芽。分化的芽在无激素或附加有0.01—0.1毫克/升IAA或NAA的MS培养基上长出根,从而发育成完整植株。当对游离细胞获得的再生植株的茎切段愈伤组织,再经上述程序进行细胞培养时,发现愈伤组织诱导率及愈伤组织分化频率均远远高于原供体,从而建立了B.juncea易再生的体细胞无性系。     

‘哲引3号’ב北京杨’杂交子代悬浮细胞系的建立和植株再生

采用“固—液—液—固”培养方法,分别以［‘哲引3号杨’（Populus pseudo-simonii×P.nigra ‘Zhenyin3#’）ב北京杨’（P.×beijingensis）］杂交子代的种子、子叶和下胚轴为材料,开展了多个杂交子代悬浮细胞系建立和培养研究,结果显示：（1）不同基因型的种子愈伤诱导率差异显著,不同基因型的子叶、下胚轴愈伤诱导率差异不显著;不同基因型的初始悬浮细胞系密实体积差异均显著。（2）采用静置分层和细胞筛双层过滤结合的方法能把游离胚性细胞从初始悬浮细胞系中分离出来,不同基因型来源的游离胚性细胞数量差异不显著。（3）种子和子叶来源的胚性悬浮细胞系能在不含NH+4的液体培养基中诱导出球形愈伤,这些愈伤薄片能在含有CPPU的分化培养基上实现植株再生,最后共获得了20个基因型的来自种子球形愈伤的再生植株和另外20个基因型的来自子叶球形愈伤的再生植株。     

高产人参寡糖素培养细胞克隆系的诱变筛选

紫外辐射能显著地降低人参培养细胞单细胞克隆的植板率。当紫外辐射悬浮细胞３０ｓ后,细胞克隆的植林率是对照组的２１．４３％。细胞克隆平板培养６０ｄ,挑取克隆连续转移培养３次,共获得克隆系１２２株。对所有克隆系进行变异分析并经１０代连续继代培养,从中筛选到一株稳定的高产寡糖素克隆系ＰＧＵＡ－０８,而且它的过氧化物酶同工酶谱特征也保持稳定。克隆系ＰＧＵＡ－０８的生长速率为０．５３７ｇＤＷＬ－１ｄ－１,是亲本的１．４６倍,寡糖素含量为１７．１６％ＤＷ,是亲本的１．８１倍,寡糖素产率为２．７６４ｇ／Ｌ,是亲本的２．６２倍。