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1.
Stolle E Rohde M Vautrin D Solignac M Schmid-Hempel P Schmid-Hempel R Moritz RF 《Molecular ecology resources》2009,9(5):1345-1352
We present details and characteristics of 123 novel polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci for Bombus terrestris. Thirty-four of these loci have been tested in nine other Bombus species and 25 of them showed polymorphisms in at least one species. These microsatellite DNA loci together with the already established 60 loci will be useful for characterizing wild and managed populations of B. terrestris and other Bombus species as well as for detailed genetic studies in including mapping studies and genome annotations. 相似文献
2.
Masahiro YONEDA 《Entomological Science》2008,11(1):123-126
The colony initiation rates of Bombus hypocrita (a native Japanese bumblebee) and Bombus terrestris (a European species) foundresses were compared after 4 weeks of exposure to B. terrestris cocoons. The B. terrestris cocoons, when replaced weekly, were effective for inducing oviposition by foundresses of both species. There were no significant differences in the colony initiation rates of B. terrestris and B. hypocrita, either with the control treatment or with the cocoons. The cocoon method was also tested for five species and two subspecies of native Japanese bumblebees. The colony initiation rate was higher for foundresses of the subgenus Bombus s. str. than for foundresses of the subgenera Pyrobombus, Diversobombus, and Thoracobombus. When replaced weekly, the cocoons of B. terrestris are effective inducers of colony foundation in three Japanese native species, namely B. ignitus, B. hypocrita hypocrita, and B. h. sapporoensis. 相似文献
3.
Jana Brabcová Jiří Kindl Irena Valterová Iva Pichová Marie Zarevúcka Jana Brabcová Michal Jágr Ivan Mikšík 《Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology》2013,82(3):117-128
A serine protease was isolated from midguts of the bumblebee male Bombus terrestris by a combination of precipitation procedures with column chromatography. The purified enzyme exhibited two bands with molecular masses of 25 and 26 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These bands showed a proteolytic activity in zymography assay. Midgut enzymes showed optimum proteolytic activity at pH 9 and 35°C using N‐succinyl‐L‐alanyl‐L‐alanyl‐L‐prolyl‐L‐phenyl‐alanine 4‐nitroanilide as a substrate. The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum reaction rate (Vmax) were 0.55 ± 0.042 mM and 0.714 ± 0.056 μmol p‐nitroalanine produced min?1 mg protein?1, respectively. Inhibition was affected by trypsin inhibitor, but not by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and N‐tosyl‐L‐phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, which indicated the trypsin‐like but not chymotrypsin‐like specificity. The identity of the serine protease was confirmed by nanoliquid‐tandem mass spectrometry. Eleven unique peptides of the B. terrestris serine protease were found. It shows high homology to a previously reported B. ignitus serine protease covering more than 65% of the protein amino acid sequence. 相似文献
4.
5.
Patrick Lhomme Anna Sramkova Kirsten Kreuter Thomas Lecocq Pierre Rasmont Manfred Ayasse 《法国昆虫学会纪事》2013,49(1):117-125
Summary. The study of the social interactions between host bumblebees and their inquiline species requires rearing them. Here we provide a simple method for rearing of cuckoo bumblebees (Bombus subgenus Psithyrus) in the laboratory. Two bumblebee cuckoo-host systems are used: Bombus (Psithyrus) vestalis hosted by B. (Bombus) terrestris and B. (Psithyrus) sylvestris hosted by B. (Pyrobombus) pratorum. First, the invasion of the Psithyrus female is performed in species-specific host colonies containing approximately 10 young workers. On average, a parasitized colony of B. terrestris produced 90 ± 9 young males and 21 ± 3 young females of B. vestalis, whereas a parasitized colony of B. pratorum produced 16 ± 2 young males and 5 ± 1 young females of B. sylvestris. One week after emergence, Psithyrus virgin females are placed in a flight cage exposed to natural light, with Psithyrus males of other colonies. After successful mating, the females are isolated and overwintered in a cold room at 4°C for 2–4 months. This method enables a year-round and mass breeding of Psithyrus species to facilitate studies of these rare species. 相似文献
6.
红光熊蜂Bombus ignitus Smith是许多经济作物和野生植物的重要授粉昆虫之一。卵黄原蛋白基因(vitellogenin,Vg)在昆虫的生殖调控中和行为方面起到重要的作用,本试验对Vg基因全长cDNA的克隆和测序及在蜂王、工蜂和雄性蜂三型蜂中的表达分析得出:Vg基因的全长cDNA为5 481 bp,GenBank中的登录号为FJ913883,有一个完整的开放阅读框(ORF),编码1 772个氨基酸,N-末端的前16个氨基酸为一个信号肽。接近C-末端区域存在保守的GL/ICG基元,其后含有9个半胱氨酸,而且DGXR位于GL/ICG基元上游18个氨基酸残基处。其氨基酸序列与韩国的熊蜂B.ignitus和B.hypocrita相似性高达95%,与西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera的相似性达到51%。Vg的mRNA首先在蜂王蛹期的白眼蛹(Pw)时期出现,其表达量在蜂王整个蛹期发育过程中呈上升趋势,且在黑眼蛹(Pbd)时期达到最高,在成年蜂的脂肪体中的表达量仍在升高,甚至更高。Vg也在工蜂蛹期的白眼蛹(Pw)时期被检测到,然后在整个蛹期发育过程中呈现上升趋势,在刚羽化出房时达到高峰,Vg的mRNA水平随着成年蜂日龄的增加而增加,到15日龄时达到最高,然后呈现下降趋势。对于雄性蜂,Vg的mRNA虽然卵黄原蛋白基因的mRNA水平几乎在整个蛹期发育阶段都表达,但是表达水平非常低,只有在刚羽化出房时期表达水平较高。 相似文献
7.
河北省熊蜂属区系调查(膜翅目,蜜蜂科) 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
作者在2005-2008年对河北省的熊蜂区系进行了调查.根据所采集的标本和中国科学院动物研究所馆藏标本,经鉴定该地区有熊蜂8亚属31种,包括河北省7新纪录种和中国新2纪录种.在河北境内,熊蜂主要分布在西部太行山区、北部坝上高原和燕山山区;采访植物涉及到18科67种,其中,豆科、菊科、蔷薇科和唇形科植物是熊蜂访问的主要对象.区系成分分析表明,河北省31种熊蜂的区系成分有5类,其中,古北区和东洋区共有种为河北省熊蜂的主要成分,为18种,占河北省熊蜂种类总数的58.06%. 相似文献
8.
蜜蜂总科化石新种（昆虫纲：膜翅目） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文记述了膜翅目熊蜂科、木蜂科和蜜蜂科3属3新种,其中熊蜂科熊蜂属1种:鲁熊蜂Bombus luianus sp. nov., 木蜂科木蜂属1种:硅藻木蜂Xylacopa diatoma sp. nov. 和蜜蜂科蜜蜂属1种:长胫蜜蜂Apis longitibia sp. nov.。所有模式标本均采自山东山旺中新统硅藻土页岩中,现保存在山东省博物馆。 相似文献
9.
We investigated natural populations of three Japanese native bumblebee species to determine the status of infestation by a tracheal mite, Locustacarus buchneri, which we had earlier detected in introduced commercial colonies of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris. We also investigated mite infestation in commercial colonies of a Japanese native species, B. ignitus, which are mass-produced in the Netherlands and reimported into Japan. We detected the mite in both natural and commercial colonies of the Japanese species. Comparison of 555 bp sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene from the mite showed that there were seven haplotypes, on the basis of combinations of substitutions at eight sites in the gene. The haplotypes of the mites in the Japanese native bumblebees and the haplotypes of the mites in B. terrestris did not overlap; however, mtDNA of mites detected in the commercial colonies of B. ignitus possessed the same sequence as a European haplotype. These results indicate that transportation of bumblebee colonies will cause overseas migration of parasitic mites of different origins. 相似文献
10.
1. Bumblebee nests are difficult to find in sufficient numbers for well replicated studies. Counts of nest‐searching queens in spring and early summer have been used as an indication of preferred nesting habitat, but this relationship has not yet been validated; high densities of nest‐searching queens may indicate habitat with few nesting opportunities (meaning that queens have to spend longer looking for them). 2. From mid April 2010, queen bumblebees were counted along 20 transects in grassland and woodland habitats in central Scotland, U.K. The number of inflorescences of suitable forage plants were also estimated at each transect visit. The area surrounding each transect was searched for nests in the summer. 3. In total, 173 queen bumblebees were recorded on transects, and, of these, 149 were engaged in nest‐searching. Searches subsequently revealed 33 bumblebee nests. 4. The number of nest‐searching queens on transects was significantly, positively related to the number of nests subsequently found. Estimated floral abundance along the transect did not correlate with numbers of nest‐searching queens or with the number of nests found, suggesting that queens do not target their searching to areas that are locally high in spring forage. 5. The data suggest that counts of nest‐searching queens provide a useful positive indication of good nesting habitat, and hence where bumblebee nests are likely to be found later in the year. 相似文献
11.
Abstract. 1. The western honeybee, Apis mellifera, has been introduced to many parts of the world and is sometimes purported to be detrimental to native bees because it reduces their food base. It is seldom viewed in this light in Europe; however, when beekeepers maintain very high bee densities, the species could also be displacing insects in its native European range by reducing the resource base. 2. In England, populations of bumblebees (Bombus Latr. Hym.) have been decreasing both in terms of diversity and abundance, mainly because of a loss of habitat resulting from agricultural intensification. The impact of competition from other flower feeders is largely unknown. 3. Nineteen dry lowland heaths in southern England were sampled once for honeybees and bumblebees. Honeybee abundance varied from 4 to 81 bees per 100 m2 (mean = 30.89, median = 23), whereas bumblebees varied from 2 to 17 individuals per 100 m2 (mean = 8.26, median = 7), belonging to between one and five species. There was a negative association between honeybee and bumblebee abundance but there was no apparent relationship between honeybee abundance and bumblebee diversity. 4. The Bray–Curtis coefficient was used to compare the similarity in honeybee and bumblebee floral host breadth at these 19 sites. The coefficient was negatively associated with honeybee abundance: thus where honeybees were most abundant, bumblebees were fewer and/or foraged on different flower species. 5. Foraging host breadth was also examined at four heathlands over a field season (April to September). No association between honeybee abundance and foraging host breadth was found for short‐tongued bees, although there was some evidence for a change in floral host breadth for long‐tongued bees. 6. It is concluded that the impact of honeybees on bumblebees is complex. Although competition between the two species cannot be ruled out, it is perhaps equally likely that bumblebees decline in response to other factors, and that honeybees move independently of this decline. 相似文献
12.
SANDRA GILLESPIE 《Ecological Entomology》2010,35(6):737-747
1. Bumblebees are important pollinators in North America and are attacked by a range of parasites that impact their fitness; however, few studies have investigated the extent or causes of parasitism in North America. 2. This study used a 2‐year multi‐site survey of bumblebee parasitism to ask: (i) how common are parasitoid conopid flies and the internal parasites Crithidia bombi and Nosema bombi in Massachusetts; and (ii) what factors are correlated with parasitism? 3. Infection rates by all three parasites were higher in this study than previously documented in North America. Overall, conopids infected 0–73% of bees in each sample, C. bombi infected 0–82% of bees, and N. bombi infected 0–32%. 4. Conopid flies infected female bees more than males and intermediate‐sized bees more than large or small bees. Crithidia bombi infection rates were higher in certain bee species and sites, and exhibited a unimodal pattern of prevalence over time. Nosema bombi parasitism was higher in male than female bees. 5. Infection by N. bombi in two rare bumblebee species was higher than expected based on parasitism rates of common bee species but C. bombi infection was lower. If high prevalence of N. bombi in these bumblebee species is common, parasitism may be a potential cause of their decline. 6. Given the documented effects of these parasites, the high levels of infection may affect bee populations in Massachusetts and threaten the stability of their valuable ecosystem services. 相似文献
13.
Essentially, all animals face parasites, but little data are available on the rate of parasitism in wild animals, particularly in insects. Here, we report observations of more than 400 bumblebee workers collected at an Alpine site, including the parasites observed (Crithidia bombi, Nosema bombi, conopid parasitoid fly larvae and tracheal mites), as well as date of collection, bumblebee species and body variables (size, fat content, egg development and antibacterial activity). Among the 14 bumblebee species collected, C. bombi and tracheal mites reached a prevalence of approximately 10 and 6%, respectively, while conopids and N. bombi were almost absent. Correlations among the measured parameters suggest that larger workers are more likely to develop eggs and contain more tracheal mites. Across the season, we found a decrease in fat content but an increase in C. bombi and mite prevalence. Mites’ fitness was higher in fatter bees and lower in bees with more tracheal mites. Antibacterial activity was found in approximately 10% of the workers, suggesting at least sporadic infection with bacteria. 相似文献
14.
Does intraspecific size variation in bumblebees allow colonies to efficiently exploit different flowers? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract. 1. It has long been known that foraging bumblebee workers vary greatly in size, within species, and within single nests. This phenomenon has not been adequately explained. Workers of their relatives within the Apidae exhibit much less size variation.
2. For the bumblebee Bombus terrestris size, as measured by thorax width, was found to correspond closely with tongue length, so that larger bees are equipped to feed from deeper flowers.
3. The mean size of worker bees attracted to flowers was found to differ between plant species, and larger bees with longer tongues tended to visit deeper flowers.
4. Finally, handling time depended on the match between corolla depth and tongue length: large bees were slower than small bees when handling shallow flowers, but quicker than small bees when handling deep flowers.
5. Size variation within bumblebees may be adaptive, since it enables the colony as a whole to efficiently exploit a range of different flowers. Possible explanations for the marked differences in size variation exhibited by bumblebees compared with Apis species and stingless bees (Meliponinae) are discussed. 相似文献
2. For the bumblebee Bombus terrestris size, as measured by thorax width, was found to correspond closely with tongue length, so that larger bees are equipped to feed from deeper flowers.
3. The mean size of worker bees attracted to flowers was found to differ between plant species, and larger bees with longer tongues tended to visit deeper flowers.
4. Finally, handling time depended on the match between corolla depth and tongue length: large bees were slower than small bees when handling shallow flowers, but quicker than small bees when handling deep flowers.
5. Size variation within bumblebees may be adaptive, since it enables the colony as a whole to efficiently exploit a range of different flowers. Possible explanations for the marked differences in size variation exhibited by bumblebees compared with Apis species and stingless bees (Meliponinae) are discussed. 相似文献
15.
用60%蔗糖,60%蔗糖加EM原露,60%蔗糖加花粉,60%蔗糖加花粉加EM原露4种食料饲喂复苏熊蜂Bombus terrestris L.蜂王,研究EM原露对复苏蜂王产卵前期卵巢发育及卵子发生的影响。结果表明,EM原露对熊蜂蜂王产卵前期卵巢发育及卵子发生表现出一定抑制性,但影响不显著。虽然于第2天,EM原露对其开始发生显著抑制性影响(P=0.047),且EM原露与花粉的交互作用对其发育促进影响亦显著(P=0.014),但从第5天始,EM原露对其影响下降为不显著,而花粉开始表现出显著性促进熊蜂蜂王卵巢发育(P=0.000)。EM原露对熊蜂蜂王卵子发生并无促进或抑制作用,然而花粉的缺失促使熊蜂蜂王卵子发生停滞。 相似文献
16.
1. Male bumblebees are known to exhibit a range of mate‐location behaviours, including perching on prominent objects and darting at passing queens, patrolling of scent‐marked flight routes, and waiting outside nest entrances for virgin queens to emerge. Here we provide evidence for a fourth strategy, known as hilltopping. This behaviour is widely known from a range of invertebrates, but has not previously been described in bumblebees. 2. We studied the distribution of bumblebees along transects ascending four hills in Scotland and demonstrate that, relative to workers, males of four bumblebee species or species groups (Bombus lapidarius, B. monticola, B. pascuorum, and B. lucorum/magnus/cryptarum/terrestris) tend to congregate at or near the tops of hills. This is, to our knowledge, the first evidence for hilltopping in bumblebees and the first record of any putative mate‐locating behaviour for male B. pascuorum, a very common species in Europe. 3. We note that, in common with most previous studies of mate‐locating behaviour in bumblebees, attraction of virgin queens and mating were not observed. 相似文献
17.
ADRIAAN VAN DOORN 《Physiological Entomology》1989,14(2):211-221
ABSTRACT. The establishment of a dominance order within seventy eight groups of four callow workers was investigated. The dominant worker establishes its position by means of overt aggression. Aggression starts 20—40 h after confinement. Dominance order becomes established within 2 days of removal from the colony. Once established, the dominance order is maintained by dominant-subordinate interactions.
The dominant worker starts ovipositing at an age of about 6 days. Subordinates rarely lay eggs. In 25% of the groups the dominant worker is superseded by another worker before any oviposition occurs. Once the dominance order is established, the dominant worker inhibits endocrine activity in subordinates.
Differences in body size and in endocrine activity are thought to be responsible for the ranking of workers in the dominance hierarchy. Ranking seems to depend more on the activity of the corpora allata (CA) than on the activity of the ovaries. Ovariectomized workers do not differ from control workers in the performance of dominance behaviour. Dominant ovariectomized workers do not construct egg cells, but they do defend these if they are present. 相似文献
The dominant worker starts ovipositing at an age of about 6 days. Subordinates rarely lay eggs. In 25% of the groups the dominant worker is superseded by another worker before any oviposition occurs. Once the dominance order is established, the dominant worker inhibits endocrine activity in subordinates.
Differences in body size and in endocrine activity are thought to be responsible for the ranking of workers in the dominance hierarchy. Ranking seems to depend more on the activity of the corpora allata (CA) than on the activity of the ovaries. Ovariectomized workers do not differ from control workers in the performance of dominance behaviour. Dominant ovariectomized workers do not construct egg cells, but they do defend these if they are present. 相似文献
18.
《Insect Conservation and Diversity》2017,10(1):78-93
- Bumblebees are the predominant wild pollinators for many plant species in temperate regions. A bumblebee colony requires pollen and nectar throughout its lifetime, but degraded and fragmented habitats may have gaps in the temporal and spatial continuity of floral resources.
- Heathlands are open biotopes that provide favourable habitat for bumblebees like Bombus jonellus, a declining species in Belgium. In heathlands, ericaceous species are the main plants that provide pollen and nectar for bumblebees. Although the nectar composition of ericaceous species has been previously studied, data on pollen composition remain scarce.
- We examined bumblebee diets (composition of their pollen loads) in Belgian heathlands over the course of a colony lifetime to assess the fidelity of bumblebees for ericaceous species. We compared nutritional values by investigating the chemical composition (amino acids, polypeptides and sterols) of the pollen of the ericaceous and dominant non‐ericaceous species present in pollen loads. No relationship was detected between the abundance of a particular plant species in bumblebee loads and its pollen composition.
- The successive flowering periods and the nutritional quality of pollen of ericaceous species offer valuable resources for bumblebees. Ericaceous species represent a large part of bumblebee diets in heathlands, especially in early spring and late summer when the diversity of other flowering species was low.
- Bumblebee pollen loads also contained non‐ericaceous flowering species that grow outside heathlands. Thus, land planning must incorporate conservation strategies for the different elements of the landscape matrix, including heathlands, peatlands, meadows and margins.
19.
Habitat fragmentation may severely affect survival of social insect populations as the number of nests per population, not the number of individuals, represents population size, hence they may be particularly prone to loss of genetic diversity. Erosion of genetic diversity may be particularly significant among social Hymenoptera such as bumblebees (Bombus spp.), as this group may be susceptible to diploid male production, a suggested direct cost of inbreeding. Here, for the first time, we assess genetic diversity and population structuring of a threatened bumblebee species (Bombus sylvarum) which exists in highly fragmented habitat (rather than oceanic) islands. Effective population sizes, estimated from identified sisterhoods, were very low (range 21-72) suggesting that isolated populations will be vulnerable to loss of genetic variation through drift. Evidence of significant genetic structuring between populations (theta = 0.084) was found, but evidence of a bottleneck was detected in only one population. Comparison across highly fragmented UK populations and a continental population (where this species is more widespread) revealed significant differences in allelic richness attributable to a high degree of genetic diversity in the continental population. While not directly related to population size, this is perhaps explained by the high degree of isolation between UK populations relative to continental populations. We suggest that populations now existing on isolated habitat islands were probably linked by stepping-stone populations prior to recent habitat loss. 相似文献
20.
Knight ME Martin AP Bishop S Osborne JL Hale RJ Sanderson RA Goulson D 《Molecular ecology》2005,14(6):1811-1820
Bumblebees are major pollinators of crops and wildflowers in northern temperate regions. Knowledge of their ecology is vital for the design of effective management and conservation strategies but key aspects remain poorly understood. Here we employed microsatellite markers to estimate and compare foraging range and nest density among four UK species: Bombus terrestris, Bombus pascuorum, Bombus lapidarius, and Bombus pratorum. Workers were sampled along a 1.5-km linear transect across arable farmland. Eight or nine polymorphic microsatellite markers were then used to identify putative sisters. In accordance with previous studies, minimum estimated maximum foraging range was greatest for B. terrestris (758 m) and least for B. pascuorum (449 m). The estimate for B. lapidarius was similar to B. pascuorum (450 m), while that of B. pratorum was intermediate (674 m). Since the area of forage available to bees increases as the square of foraging range, these differences correspond to a threefold variation in the area used by bumblebee nests of different species. Possible explanations for these differences are discussed. Estimates for nest density at the times of sampling were 29, 68, 117, and 26/km2 for B. terrestris, B. pascuorum, B. lapidarius and B. pratorum, respectively. These data suggest that even among the most common British bumblebee species, significant differences in fundamental aspects of their ecology exist, a finding that should be reflected in management and conservation strategies. 相似文献