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1.
We report the development of seven microsatellite markers in the high Andean Asteraceae Chaetanthera pusilla. An enrichment protocol was used to isolate microsatellite loci, and polymorphism was explored with samples from two natural populations collected in the high Andes at La Parva and Valle Nevado (Chile). We found a high level of polymorphism, heterozygote deficiency and strong differentiation among populations. Four of the seven loci successfully cross‐amplified in other Chaetanthera species.  相似文献   

2.
Fifteen primer pairs were designed for 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci, which were isolated and characterized from genomic libraries of Rhynchosporium secalis. Conditions for multiplexing and simultaneous genotyping of up to eight loci in a single run are described. The number of alleles per polymorphic locus ranged from two to 13 in populations from Switzerland and Australia. Genotypic diversity ranged from 61.5 to 66.7. Gene diversity ranged from 0.08 to 0.89 for individual polymorphic loci, with averages of 0.54 and 0.62 for the populations from Switzerland and Australia, respectively. Variable levels of polymorphism make these ideal markers for population genetic analyses.  相似文献   

3.
Eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci and one minisatellite locus originating from expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries of Phaeosphaeria (syn. Stagonospora) nodorum were isolated and characterized. The satellite markers were used to genotype isolates from field populations collected in China, North America and South Africa. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 15. Genotype diversity ranged from 87.5 to 95.3 and gene diversity from 0.1 to 0.8. The variable levels of polymorphism within and among populations of P. nodorum renders these 12 satellite loci ideal markers for population genetic analysis of P. nodorum.  相似文献   

4.
Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from invasive fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) populations in the Hawaiian archipelago. These loci provided markers with polymorphism of six to 24 alleles per locus within 96 individuals collected from two populations from the island of Maui. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.31 to 0.91 and from 0.056 to 1. These markers should be useful to study the importance of genetic diversity in invasion success of this species.  相似文献   

5.
Variation in and amplification conditions for nine polymorphic microsatellite loci identified from Lymnaea stagnalis, a hermaphroditic pulmonate snail, are described. Eight populations from central Finland were studied, which varied in terms of both observed polymorphism and heterozygosity. The number of alleles at each locus is moderate (two to seven), except for one exceptional locus having 16 alleles, and for which null alleles are possible. There is no evidence for genotypic disequilibrium in the populations for all pairs of loci. Heterozygosity levels are indicative of outcrossing in L. stagnalis, whose mating system will be characterized further using these markers.  相似文献   

6.
We developed eight polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers for the Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.), of which seven may be amplified in a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Allelic polymorphism across all loci and 40 individuals representing two populations in the Swiss Alps was high (mean = 7.6 alleles). No significant linkage disequlibrium was displayed between pairs of loci. Significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was revealed at three loci in one population. Cross–amplification was achieved in two related species within the genus (P. sibirica and P. pumila). Thus, the markers may be useful for population genetic studies in these three pine species. They will be applied in ongoing projects on genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow in P. cembra.  相似文献   

7.
We report the development of 11 microsatellite markers by an enrichment protocol in the ponerine ant Ectatomma tuberculatum. Polymorphism was explored in two colonies collected from Mexico and two colonies from Brazil. From the 11 loci which amplified, seven loci showed intracolonial polymorphism in Mexican colonies and only six loci were variable in populations from Brazil. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.18 to 0.84. The other five loci exhibited different alleles between Mexico and Brazil but geographical variability was not investigated further. Cross‐amplification was tested in another species of the same Tribe (Gnamptogenys striatula) and one locus was revealed to be polymorphic.  相似文献   

8.
Captive populations of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), a major aquaculture species in Asia, would undoubtedly benefit from genetic monitoring and improvement programs. We report the isolation and preliminary characterization of 16 microsatellite loci derived from both conventional and microsatellite‐enriched libraries. Inheritance studies confirmed the allelic nature of observed polymorphisms at all loci, while identifying null alleles at two loci. These loci, having varying degrees of polymorphism, should provide useful markers for applied genetic studies. A high degree of cross‐amplification among 10 other cyprinid species suggests that these loci may have more widespread utility.  相似文献   

9.
We characterized microsatellite loci for the sand skink (Neoseps reynoldsi) for future studies of genetic structure in this threatened taxon. We screened a partial genomic library enriched for microsatellites, designed primers for eight loci and assessed these markers for polymorphism across 11 populations in central Florida. Preliminary analyses indicate deviations from Hardy–Weinberg expectations for most loci, suggesting population genetic structure across the sampled populations; therefore, understanding genetic connectivity is critical for maintaining genetic variation in this species.  相似文献   

10.
The influence of ecological factors on variation of random PCR markers (RAPD and inter-MITE polymorphism (IMP) primers) was evaluated in two wild Triticum boeoticum populations with contrasting climatic conditions in Crimea. The proportion of variation that undergoes natural selection was compared for these two types of molecular markers. The Sapun Mountain and Baidar Valley populations differed significantly in 24.7% of the analyzed loci, with a low Nei distance between these populations (0.0324). The number of significantly different RAPD and IMP markers in the two populations was nearly equal. Testing for evolutionary neutrality showed that 13 loci (17.8%) were influenced by natural selection. The Sapun Mountain population was more dependent on natural selection (ten loci, 13.7%) than the Baidar Valley population (four loci, 5.5%). Eleven out of the 13 loci undergoing selection were amplified with IMP primers.  相似文献   

11.
We developed nine new microsatellite markers for the white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa C.F. Gaertn.), a mangrove species widely distributed in the Western Hemisphere. The loci were developed from a sample collected in Baja California Sur, Mexico, and were screened for polymorphism in 108 individuals from the Pacific Coast of Mexico and Costa Rica. The level of polymorphism was relatively low, from two to four alleles. These are the first set of polymorphic markers described for L. racemosa and should be of value in studying regional genetic differentiation among natural populations of this species.  相似文献   

12.
Microsatellite loci were developed for genetic analysis of the bird pollinated woody shrub Calothamnus quadrifidus. A genomic library was constructed and screened with dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeat sequences. Ten dinucleotide microsatellite markers were developed, and polymorphism in a population of C. quadrifidus was investigated for six of these markers, which showed an average of 12.7 alleles per locus. Mendelian inheritance of the loci was confirmed through analysis of open pollinated progeny arrays of 10 plants. These loci will be used to study gene flow patterns between isolated populations of this species in southwest Western Australia.  相似文献   

13.
This study reports the isolation and polymorphism characterization of four plastid indels and six nuclear microsatellite loci in the invasive plant Heracleum mantegazzianum. These markers were tested in 27 individuals from two distant H. mantegazzianum populations. Plastid indels revealed the presence of five chlorotypes while five nuclear microsatellite loci rendered polymorphism. Applications of these markers include population genetics and phylogeography of H. mantegazzianum. A very good transferability of markers to Heracleum sphondylium was demonstrated.  相似文献   

14.
An enrichment procedure was used to develop eight di- and tri-microsatellites for Rhodiola rosea L., whose root extract is used as a powerful adaptogen. In order to evaluate the polymorphism and allelic variation at each locus, 48 individuals sampled in two different locations in Trentino region (Italy) were analyzed. All loci were polymorphic, showing 2–5 alleles per locus and an observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.09 to 0.76. HWE test shows significant deviation for five loci in two different populations. No linkage disequilibrium among loci was observed. These SSR markers are being used for the study of the genetic variation within and among populations in the Trentino Alps.  相似文献   

15.
We report eight new co-dominant nuclear markers for population genetics of the bark beetle Araptus attenuatus Wood. Several loci include introns from low-copy genes, and four cross-amplify in one or more related genera. The markers show moderate levels of polymorphism (2–19 alleles per locus), and no loci showed significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg or linkage equilibrium across both of the two populations examined, consistent with Mendelian inheritance patterns.  相似文献   

16.
We isolated eight microsatellite loci from genomic DNA in Elliot's pheasant Syrmaticus ellioti using streptavidin‐coated magnetic beads. In the analyses of 53 individuals sampled, these loci displayed polymorphism varying from six to nine alleles per locus and observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.174 to 0.430. The results suggested that these novel microsatellite markers could become useful molecular tools for genetic studies of S. ellioti.  相似文献   

17.
We report the development of five microsatellite markers for the invasive North American native plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asteraceae). An enrichment protocol was used to isolate microsatellite loci and polymorphism was explored with samples from 16 natural populations collected in the native range, across North America, and in an invaded area along the Rhône Valley in France. In these areas, we found a high level of polymorphism within population and significant heterozygote deficiencies.  相似文献   

18.
Five new polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for the coral reef damselfish Pomacentrus amboinensis. Twenty-four individuals from two Great Barrier Reef populations were genotyped at the five loci, with numbers of alleles per locus ranging from 6–23 and observed heterozygosity between 0.42–0.92. In addition, the cross-species testing of six primers developed for Stegastes partitus revealed one primer (SpGATA40) that was also polymorphic for P. amboinensis. Due to high levels of polymorphism (≥14 alleles) in at least four of the six loci and a high proportion of tetranucleotide repeats, these microsatellite markers should be useful for parentage assignment as well as other investigations of individual relatedness.  相似文献   

19.
The patterns of MHC diversity were studied at UAA and DAB1 loci and the two domains involved in the recognition of antigenic peptides (α2 and β1, respectively) in eight Ladigesocypris ghigii populations inhabiting streams and a concrete reservoir, in order to understand the significance of these genes in bottlenecked populations of an endemic species and develop conservation rationale. In agreement with previous study employing RAPD and mtDNA markers (Mamuris et al., Freshw Biol 50:1441–1453, 2005), both loci exhibited a very low level of polymorphism with only two and four alleles detected for UAA and DAB1, respectively. The functional MHC diversity was even lower since UAA alleles were distinguished by a single synonymous substitution. The type of habitat did not affect the level of polymorphism. Our data suggest that DAB1 polymorphism might be the outcome of the positive selection, imposed by the temporal and spatial variation of pathogen load, and the genetic drift as a result of successive habitat shrinkage and deterioration by water abstraction year after year. The populations studied were significantly less diverged at MHC loci than expected based on nuclear and mtDNA markers, suggesting that common parasites might act as causative factors to homogenize selection. Sufficient epidemiological data are required for the interpretation of the results and decision-making on suitable conservation actions.  相似文献   

20.
In order to study genetic changes in populations of Daphnia galeata mendotae, I characterized seven polymorphic microsatellite loci. Primers to amplify these loci were tested on individual eggs from the resting egg bank of Onondaga Lake, NY. Levels of polymorphism and cross‐amplification in D. g. galeata indicate that they will be useful markers for ecological genetic studies on both adults and diapausing eggs of these species.  相似文献   

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