中药五皮散联合庆大霉素治疗急性感染性腹泻疗效观察

目的:观察中药五皮散对急性感染性腹泻治疗效果.方法:治疗组用五皮散联合庆大霉素治疗急性感染性腹泻患者120例,对照组单用庆大霉素治疗急性感染性腹泻患者112例,观察疗效.结果:五皮散对急性感染性腹泻具有显著治疗效果.结论:中药五皮散可作为治疗急性感染性腹泻的一线辅助用药.     

低渗ORS在小儿急性腹泻中的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨低渗口服补液盐治疗小儿急性腹泻的临床效果.方法 将120例急性腹泻患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用低渗口服补液盐治疗,对照组采用标准口服补液盐治疗,比较两组患儿急性腹泻症状的缓解情况和治疗效果.结果 观察组总有效率为90.0%,无效率为10.0%;对照组总有效率为76.67%,无效率为23.33%;两组总有效率、无效率比较差异显著(均P<0.05);观察组治疗3天内大便次数、呕吐次数显著少于对照组(P<0.05),腹泻症状缓解的时间也显著短于对照组(P<0.05).结论 低渗口服补液盐治疗小儿急性腹泻的疗效较好,安全性较高,值得临床上推广应用.     

口服补液盐治疗儿童急性腹泻轻中度脱水的疗效研究

目的:观察口服补液盐治疗儿童急性腹泻轻中度脱水的临床疗效。方法:选取我院儿科收治的63例急性腹泻伴轻中度脱水症状患儿,采取随机数表法分为两组,其中对照组32例患儿予标准口服补液盐,而治疗组31例患儿予补液盐溶液。对比治疗前后两组患儿血浆内Na+、K+、Cl-离子水平,临床症状恢复时间及改善情况。结果:治疗后,两组患儿的电解质水平均有所改善,治疗组患儿Na+、K+及Cl-水平均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组患儿口渴、头晕、乏力及腹痛症状的恢复时间均较对照组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组临床总有效率明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:口服补液盐能明显改善儿童急性腹泻而致的轻中度脱水症状,减少静脉输液对患儿造成的负面影响,值得在临床上进行推广。     

2010年夏季急性细菌感染性腹泻患儿沙门菌感染分析

本文旨在了解急性细菌感染性腹泻患儿中沙门菌的感染现状及其耐药性.采集2010年7月1日~2010年9月30日复旦大学附属儿科医院门诊及住院急性细菌感染性腹泻患儿的粪便标本,进行沙门菌分离、培养及鉴定,采用Kirby-Bauer法进行药敏试验.共收集急性细菌感染性腹泻患儿粪便标本 1 045份,检出沙门菌 160株,阳性...     

酪酸梭菌活菌散联合抗菌药治疗小儿急性细菌感染性腹泻临床疗效观察

目的观察和评价酪酸梭菌活菌散（商品名：宝乐安）联合抗菌药治疗小儿急性细菌感染性腹泻临床疗效。方法将60例急性细菌感染性腹泻患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组30例,对照组30例,2组均给予口服抗菌药及对症支持治疗。其中观察组在服用抗菌药2h后服用酪酸梭菌活菌散,0.5g/次,3次/d;对照组只给予抗菌药及对症支持治疗,不用酪酸梭菌活菌散。对2组总有效率及体温、大便恢复正常时间进行统计分析。结果观察组总有效率为96.7%,对照组总有效率为83.3%,2组相比差异具有非常显著性（P〈0.01）;观察组体温、大便恢复正常时间均显著短于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论酪酸梭菌活菌散联合抗菌药治疗小儿急性细菌感染性腹泻的疗效,优于单用抗菌药,值得临床推广应用。     

微生态制剂防治儿童感染性腹泻的有效性评价CSCD

目的对微生态制剂防治儿童感染性腹泻的有效性和安全性进行分析研究。方法选取2017年3月到2018年3月间我院收治的132例感染性腹泻患儿为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=66)与观察组(n=66)。对照组患儿施以常规药物防治,观察组患儿应用益生菌进行防治。对两组患儿的治疗效果、腹泻持续时间、治疗后病情、血常规与肝功能情况进行比较分析。结果观察组患儿治疗总有效率(96.97%)明显高于对照组(86.36%)。观察组患儿腹泻持续时间为(2.41±1.08)d,明显少于对照组的(3.67±1.89)d。观察组患儿治疗3 d后腹泻频率≤2次/d的发生率为24.24%,低于对照组的60.61%。观察组患儿治疗后脱水发生率为3.03%,低于对照组的22.73%。观察组患儿血常规与肝功能水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在儿童感染性腹泻中应用微生态制剂有助于提高治疗效果,缩短腹泻持续时间,促进大便恢复正常,且具有较高的安全性,可有效促进患儿康复。     

微生态制剂防治儿童感染性腹泻的有效性评价

目的对微生态制剂防治儿童感染性腹泻的有效性和安全性进行分析研究。方法选取2017年3月到2018年3月间我院收治的132例感染性腹泻患儿为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=66)与观察组(n=66)。对照组患儿施以常规药物防治,观察组患儿应用益生菌进行防治。对两组患儿的治疗效果、腹泻持续时间、治疗后病情、血常规与肝功能情况进行比较分析。结果观察组患儿治疗总有效率(96.97%)明显高于对照组(86.36%)。观察组患儿腹泻持续时间为(2.41±1.08)d,明显少于对照组的(3.67±1.89)d。观察组患儿治疗3 d后腹泻频率≤2次/d的发生率为24.24%,低于对照组的60.61%。观察组患儿治疗后脱水发生率为3.03%,低于对照组的22.73%。观察组患儿血常规与肝功能水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在儿童感染性腹泻中应用微生态制剂有助于提高治疗效果,缩短腹泻持续时间,促进大便恢复正常,且具有较高的安全性,可有效促进患儿康复。     

儿童急性胰腺炎病因、临床特征及诊治的回顾性研究

目的：探讨儿童急性胰腺炎的病因、临床特征及诊治的临床特点,为其临床诊断和治疗提供参考依据。方法：回顾性分析2009年1月～2012年6月我院诊治的107例儿童急性胰腺炎患者的临床资料（病因、临床特点、症状体征、实验室检查、影像学特征、诊断证据、治疗及预后等）,综合比较儿童急性胰腺炎与成人急性胰腺炎的不同。结果：107例儿童急性胰腺炎,主要以腹痛为首发症状（81.3%）,10例出现腹胀（9.3%）,7例出现恶心或呕吐（6.5%）,其他或主诉不明确者3例（2.8%）。季节性不明显,四季可发病。PAP的原因中特发性占近40%,其次是外伤和先天性畸形,胆道结石致使的胰腺炎多发于年龄偏大儿童,药物、系统性疾病也均可导致PAP。单纯靠症状诊断PAP有困难,需结合血尿淀粉酶的变化及胰腺影像学检查的结果共同诊断。PAP的治疗强调个体化,科学,合理,及时的补液,及时的生长抑素、抗生素的使用至关重要（不同于成人急性胰腺炎）,手术也是必需的备选手段,但需注意手术适应症和时机的选择。结论：儿童急性胰腺炎的发病率呈上升趋势,其诊断和治疗均有其自身的特点,与成人急性胰腺炎并不完全相同,在临床诊断和治疗中应引起足够的重视。     

布拉酵母防治病原微生物感染的机制及效果

肠杆菌科细菌、霍乱弧菌、难辨梭菌、幽门螺杆菌和原虫等病原体感染是引起腹泻的主要原因.布拉酵母作为一种益生菌,通过抗微生物、免疫调节、肠道屏障、增加肠道营养等方面维持肠道微生态平衡.该酵母用于治疗肠杆菌科细菌、霍乱弧菌等病原菌感染引起的急性腹泻,能显著降低腹泻频率,缩短腹泻时间;而作为辅助药物联合抗生素治疗难辨梭菌、幽门螺杆菌和原虫等顽固性病原微生物感染,具有提高根除率、减少副作用、降低复发率的作用.本研究综述了布拉酵母对若干腹泻病原体的防治机制和临床应用研究进展.     

1988年大连市夏季成人感染性腹泻的病原学研究

本文对1988年7～10月大连市210例成人感染性腹泻病人进行了病原学的分离与鉴定。结果有138例患者的病原鉴定为阳性,病原检出率为65.7％(138/210)。在病原阳性的病例中有117例患者分离出病原菌,因此,我们认为夏季成人腹泻的主要病原是细菌(84.8％、117/138)。在致病菌中,副溶血弧菌最为多见,检出率最高(38.5％、45/117)。本研究表明,病毒感染虽不是夏季成人腹泻的主要致病因子,但在混合感染中,“病毒——细菌”混合感染占多数(66.7％、18/27)。     

杨梅果实提取物抗小鼠腹泻作用的研究

目的研究杨梅果实提取物的抗小鼠腹泻作用,包括预防和治疗作用。方法给小鼠腹腔注射甲型副伤寒沙门菌造成急性腹泻模型,经口灌胃杨梅果实提取物溶液,通过腹泻次数研究提取物对小鼠腹泻的预防作用;先灌胃杨梅果实提取物溶液再给小鼠注射菌液致泻,记录腹泻次数以研究提取物对小鼠腹泻的治疗作用。结果灌胃杨梅果实提取物的小鼠的腹泻次数均有明显的下降,且醇提物的作用效果要好于水提物。结论杨梅果实提取物对甲型副伤寒沙门菌引起的小鼠腹泻具有一定的预防和治疗作用。     

2009年全国其他感染性腹泻报告病例分析

目的了解我国2009年其他感染性腹泻的流行特点和病原学信息,提出改善建议,为更好的控制其他感染性腹泻病的流行提供数据支持。方法收集中国疾病控制信息系统"疾病监测信息报告管理系统"中2009年其他感染性腹泻的病例报告,对其流行病学及病原学信息进行描述性统计分析。结果 2009年全国共报告655 965例其他感染性腹泻病例,其中≤5岁儿童分别占报告总病例的50.38%和死亡病例的70.0%。实验室确诊病例占报告病例数的5.04%,其中病毒性感染占92.79%,细菌性感染占6.92%。结论≤5岁的散居儿童应为其他感染性腹泻的重点监测人群。其他感染性腹泻报告病例中约有95%为临床诊断病例。我国其他感染性腹泻的病原学诊断率及病原学诊断结果的报告率亟待提高。     

Antidiarrheal Efficacy and Cellular Mechanisms of a Thai Herbal Remedy

Screening of herbal remedies for Cl⁻ channel inhibition identified Krisanaklan, a herbal extract used in Thailand for treatment of diarrhea, as an effective antidiarrheal in mouse models of secretory diarrheas with inhibition activity against three Cl⁻ channel targets. Krisanaklan fully inhibited cholera toxin-induced intestinal fluid secretion in a closed-loop mouse model with ∼50% inhibition at a 1∶50 dilution of the extract. Orally administered Krisanaklan (5 µL/g) prevented rotavirus-induced diarrhea in neonatal mice. Short-circuit current measurements showed full inhibition of cAMP and Ca²⁺ agonist-induced Cl⁻ conductance in human colonic epithelial T84 cells, with ∼50% inhibition at a 1∶5,000 dilution of the extract. Krisanaklan also strongly inhibited intestinal smooth muscle contraction in an ex vivo preparation. Together with measurements using specific inhibitors, we conclude that the antidiarrheal actions of Krisanaklan include inhibition of luminal CFTR and Ca²⁺-activated Cl⁻ channels in enterocytes. HPLC fractionation indicated that the three Cl⁻ inhibition actions of Krisanaklan are produced by different components in the herbal extract. Testing of individual herbs comprising Krisanaklan indicated that agarwood and clove extracts as primarily responsible for Cl⁻ channel inhibition. The low cost, broad antidiarrheal efficacy, and defined cellular mechanisms of Krisanaklan suggests its potential application for antisecretory therapy of cholera and other enterotoxin-mediated secretory diarrheas in developing countries.     

Lower abundance of Bacteroides and metabolic dysfunction are highly associated with the post-weaning diarrhea in piglets

Science China Life Sciences - Growing evidences show a direct link between diarrhea and disorders of gut microbiota in pigs. However, whether there are microbial markers associated with...     

141例小儿感染性腹泻临床特征及流行病学分析

目的:探讨儿童感染性腹泻(Infectious diarrhea,ID)的临床特征及病原菌学流行病特点,为临床防治提供理论依据。方法:回顾性分析我院2010年2月至2014年2月收治并确诊的141例感染性腹泻患儿的粪便培养结果,观察并总结患者体内大肠埃希菌、痢疾杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌病毒等常见致病细菌的分布情况。结果:儿童感染性腹泻四季均可发病,夏季发病率最高,春季最低;年龄为1月~3岁的患儿感染性腹泻细菌及病毒感染比例显著高于其他两组(P0.05);141例患儿中,细菌阳性23例(16.3%),病毒培养阳性94例(66.7%)。各种病毒感染与患儿性别无关(P0.05)。结论:小儿感染性腹泻四季均较常见,病毒感染比例高于细菌感染比例,应根据病原菌分布情况积极采取预防与控制措施。     

A seroepidemiologic survey of three pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) populations in southeastern Idaho, 1975-1977

Sera from 104 adult and 42 fawn pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) from southeastern Idaho were tested against selected livestock pathogens. The numbers positive/numbers tested (% positive) were as follows: bovine virus diarrhea - adults 2/102 (2), fawns 0/41 (0);; infectious bovine rhinotracheitis - adults 27/101 (27), fawns 9/42 (22); parainfluenza 3 - adults 79/104 (76), fawns 22/42 (52); bovine adenovirus 7 - adults 42/103 (41), fawns 20/48 (48); bovine adenovirus 3 - adults 11/32 (34), fawns 4/14 (23); Anaplasma marginale - adults 1/104 (1), fawns 1/42 (2). There were no reactors to brucellosis, bluetongue, or epizootic hemorrhagic disease; The prevalence of reactors varied considerably for different locations and for different years.     

益生菌在消化系统感染性疾病中的应用

益生菌具有维护肠道微生态平衡、提高定植抗力及调节免疫等功能,被应用于诸多感染性疾病的临床治疗.本文着重概述益生菌在消化系统感染性疾病中的临床应用效果,包括外科大手术、感染性腹泻、抗生素相关性腹泻、坏死性肠炎、幽门螺旋杆菌感染、腹膜炎.     

Quantitative Analysis of Burden of Infectious Diarrhea Associated with Floods in Northwest of Anhui Province,China: A Mixed Method Evaluation

Background

Persistent and heavy rainfall in the upper and middle Huaihe River of China brought about severe floods during the end of June and July 2007. However, there has been no assessment on the association between the floods and infectious diarrhea. This study aimed to quantify the impact of the floods in 2007 on the burden of disease due to infectious diarrhea in northwest of Anhui Province.

Methods

A time-stratified case-crossover analysis was firstly conducted to examine the relationship between daily cases of infectious diarrhea and the 2007 floods in Fuyang and Bozhou of Anhui Province. Odds ratios (ORs) of the flood risk were quantified by conditional logistic regression. The years lived with disability (YLDs) of infectious diarrhea attributable to floods were then estimated based on the WHO framework of the calculating potential impact fraction in the Burden of Disease study.

Results

A total of 197 infectious diarrheas were notified during the exposure and control periods in the two study areas. The strongest effect was shown with a 2-day lag in Fuyang and a 5-day lag in Bozhou. Multivariable analysis showed that floods were significantly associated with an increased risk of the number cases of infectious diarrhea (OR = 3.175, 95%CI: 1.126–8.954 in Fuyang; OR = 6.754, 95%CI: 1.954–23.344 in Bozhou). Attributable YLD per 1000 of infectious diarrhea resulting from the floods was 0.0081 in Fuyang and 0.0209 in Bozhou.

Conclusions

Our findings confirm that floods have significantly increased the risks of infectious diarrhea in the study areas. In addition, prolonged moderate flood may cause more burdens of infectious diarrheas than severe flood with a shorter duration. More attention should be paid to particular vulnerable groups, including younger children and elderly, in developing public health preparation and intervention programs. Findings have significant implications for developing strategies to prevent and reduce health impact of floods.     

Biological and computational studies provide insights into Caesalphinia digyna Rottler stems

Caesalpinia digyna (Rottl.) (Family: Fabaceae) is an essential medicinal plant for it's conventional uses against a kind of human disorders. This research aims to investigate the antidiarrheal, antibacterial and antifungal properties of the methanol extract of the stems extracts of the C. digyna (MECD). The in vivo antidiarrheal activity of the stem extracts were evaluated by using castor oil-induced diarrhea, castor oil-induced enteropooling and charcoal induced intestinal transit in mice model. Besides, in vitro antimicrobial potentiality of MECD was investigated by the disc diffusion method. In silico activity of the isolated compounds were performed by Schrödinger-Maestro (Version 11.1) software. In addition, The ADME/T analysis and PASS prediction were implemented by using pass online tools. In the antidiarrheal investigation, the MECD exhibited a notable inhibition rate in all test approaches which were statistically significant (p < 0.05, p < 0.1, p < 0.01). MECD 400 mg/kg showed the maximum antidiarrheal potency in all the test methods. In vitro antimicrobial analysis unveiled that, MECD revealed higher potentiality against almost all pathogens and indicates dose-dependent activity against almost all the bacteria and fungi. In the case of in silico evaluation of anti-diarrheal, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity, all three isolated compounds met the pre-conditions of Lipinski's five rules for drug discovery. Pass predicted study also employed for all compounds. However, The chemical constituents of the C. digyna can be a potent source of anti-diarrheal, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal medicine and further modification and simulation studies are required to establish the effectiveness of bioactive compounds.     

布拉酵母菌在成人感染性腹泻治疗中的作用研究

目的评价布拉酵母菌在感染性腹泻治疗中的作用及影响因素。方法收集浙江省龙游县人民医院自2010年5月至2012年10月共36例感染性腹泻病例,其中18例患者治疗应用左氧氟沙星联合布拉酵母菌,对照组18例患者单用左氧氟沙星,观察患者症状的改善状况和治愈疗程的差异。结果左氧氟沙星联合布拉酵母菌治疗患者大便次数在疗程第2~4天较单用左氧氟沙星患者明显缩短,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P 〈 0. 05）;联合治疗组平均止泻时间为（3. 85±1. 74） d,单用左氧氟沙星治疗组的平均止泻时间为（4. 89 ± 1. 67）d,两组比较差异有统计学意义〈0. 05）。结论感染性腹泻患者联合应用布拉酵母菌,有助于平衡肠道菌群,及早康复。