屏边三七根茎中的两个新的齐墩果酸皂甙

从屏边三七(Panax stipuleanatus Tsai et Feng)根茎中分离到二个齐墩果烷型新皂甙,命名为屏边三七甙(stipuleanoside)R_1和R_2,其化学结构经光谱分析和化学降解反应,分别确定为齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸甙(1)和齐墩果酸[28-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基]-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸甙(3)。     

滇产植物皂素成分的研究——Ⅹ.五指莲的两个新甾体皂甙(1)

从重楼属植物五指莲Paris axialis H.Li.根茎中分离到三个甾体皂甙,经化学降解,质谱,核磁共振谱分析,证明其中两个甙为新的化合物,即偏诺皂甙元-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅰ)和24α-羟基偏诺皂甙元-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)][α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(Ⅲ);另一个鉴定为薯芋皂甙元-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅱ)。     

无柄新乌檀中的配糖体

从无柄新乌檀乙醇浸膏的正丁醇部位分离得到7个已知配糖体化合物,经波谱分析为：喹诺酸-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(28→1)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖酯(1),齐墩果酸-(28→1)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖酯(2),熊果酸-(28→1)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖酯(3),喹诺酸-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1→3)-6-去氧-β-葡萄吡喃糖苷(4),齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-28-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖酯(5),番木鳖甙(6),7-甲氧基-龙胆苦甙(7)。这些化合物均为首次从该属中分离得到。     

盾叶薯蓣地上部分的三个新甾体皂甙

从盾叶薯蓣Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright地上部分分离鉴定了四个甾体皂甙,经鉴定甙A为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙;甙B为24α-羟基约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙;甙C为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)][β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基;甙D为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)][β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙。前三者为新化合物,分别命名为盾叶皂甙A_1、A_2、A_3(zingiberoside A_1、A_2、A_3),其中盾叶皂甙A_2的甙元为一新甾体皂甙元,命名为盾叶皂甙元(zingiberogenin)。     

枸骨中3种化合物的心血管药理作用

从枸骨中分离了20个化合物,对其中的3个进行了心血管方面的药理作用研究。结果表明,3,4—二羟基桂皮酸和胡萝卜甙对小鼠缺氧、氯仿诱发的小鼠心室纤颤及脑垂体后叶素诱发的大鼠心肌缺血均无保护作用,也不能改变豚鼠离体心肌的心率、冠脉流量及心肌收缩力。3—β—O—（β—D—吡喃葡萄糖基)—α—L—吡喃阿拉伯糖基坡摸酸—β—28—O—D—吡喃葡萄糖酯(命名为枸骨甙4)对小鼠缺氧、氯仿诱发的小鼠心室纤颤无保护作用,对脑垂体后叶素诱发的心肌缺血有一定的保护作用,不改变豚鼠离体心肌的心率和冠脉流量,但可显著降低心肌收缩力。     

古蔺雪胆中的新三萜皂苷

从采自四川汉源县的古蔺雪胆(Hemsleya penxianensis var.gulinensiks)中分到9个三萜皂苷化合物,通过化学反应和光谱方法鉴定了它们的结构。其中7个为已知化合物,分别为齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-比喃葡萄糖苷(1),3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基齐墩果酸苷(3),3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(4),3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基—(1→3)—β—D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28—O—β—D—吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),3—O—(6′—丁酯)—β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷(7),3-O-(6′-丁酯)—β—D吡喃葡萄糖醛基—齐墩果酸—28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)。两个新化合物,即雪胆皂苷A(2)和雪胆皂苷B(9)。     

西南远志中一个新的三萜皂苷

从西南远志根中分离得到3个齐墩果酸型皂苷类化合物,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构分别为3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基presenegenin 28-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-(1→3)-β-D-木糖基-(1→4)-[β-D-芹糖基-(1→3)]-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-[4-O-(E/Z)-3″,4″,5″-三甲氧基肉桂酰基]-β-D-岩藻糖基酯(1)、3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基presenegenin 28-O-β-D-木糖基-(1→4)-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→3)]-[4-O-(E/Z)-对甲氧基肉桂酰基]-β-D-岩藻糖基酯(2)和3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基presenegenin 28-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-(1→4)-β-D-木糖基-(1→4)-[β-D-芹糖基-(1→3)]-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[4-O-(E/Z)-对甲氧基肉桂酰基]-[α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→3)]-β-D-岩藻糖基酯(3),其中化合物1为新化合物,化合物2和3首次从该植物中分离得到。     

西南远志中一个新的三萜皂苷北大核心CSCD

从西南远志根中分离得到3个齐墩果酸型皂苷类化合物,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构分别为3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基presenegenin 28-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-(1→3)-β-D-木糖基-(1→4)-[β-D-芹糖基-(1→3)]-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-[4-O-(E/Z)-3″,4″,5″-三甲氧基肉桂酰基]-β-D-岩藻糖基酯(1)、3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基presenegenin 28-O-β-D-木糖基-(1→4)-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→3)]-[4-O-(E/Z)-对甲氧基肉桂酰基]-β-D-岩藻糖基酯(2)和3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基presenegenin 28-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖基-(1→4)-β-D-木糖基-(1→4)-[β-D-芹糖基-(1→3)]-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[4-O-(E/Z)-对甲氧基肉桂酰基]-[α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→3)]-β-D-岩藻糖基酯(3),其中化合物1为新化合物,化合物2和3首次从该植物中分离得到。     

滇重楼地上部分的甾体皂甙

从滇重楼Paris polyphylla Sm. var. yunnanensis (Fr.) H-M.地上部分分离得到3个甾体皂甙,经光谱测定和化学降解证明其化学结构分别为:偏诺皂甙元3O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)〔α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4))-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(A);孕甾-5,16-二烯-3β-醇-20-酮,3β-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)〔α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)〕-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(B);孕甾-5,16-二烯-3β-醇-20-酮,3β-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)〔α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)〕-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(C)。甙A、B和C在滇重楼根中尚未发现,甙C系首次从重楼属植物中获得,而甙A具有止血的活性。     

金铁锁皂甙的研究

从金铁锁(Psammoslene tunicoides)根中分离到二个新的齐墩果烷型五环三萜皂甙Ⅰ、Ⅱ,经光谱测定和化学降解证明它们的化学结构为齐墩果烷-3α,16α-二羟基-12烯-23-酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1—3)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1—6)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅰ)和齐墩果烷-3α,16α-二羟基-12烯-23-酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基1—6[-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基1—3]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅱ)。上述两个化合物的母核配基均为同一的物质,差异是糖的连接位置不相同。     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

杆状病毒出芽病毒粒子膜融合蛋白的研究进展

杆状病毒是一类感染节肢动物的病原微生物,其基因组为双链环状DNA,大小为80～180kb.     

Inception of the Modern Public Health System in China and Perspectives for Effective Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases: In Commemoration of the 140th Anniversary of the Birth of the Plague Fighter Dr. Wu Lien-Teh

In this article, we systematically review Dr. Wu Lien-Teh's academic achievements and outstanding contributions in the prevention and control of the plague epidemic in northeast China and introduce the development of the earliest public health epidemic prevention system in China in order to commemorate the 140th anniversary of Dr. Wu Lien-Teh's birth. We hope that this article will provide insights into the effective prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases as well as the current worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, facilitating the improvement and development of public health systems in China and around the globe.