昆明地区香石竹病毒病流行状况调查及脱病毒苗的制备

对昆明地区3种不同生产模式下的香石竹（Dianthus caryophyllus L.)进行了调查,采集样本146号,利用酶联免疫法和电镜检测法对样本感染香石竹病毒的情况进行检测,结果表明昆明地区主要流行的香石竹为香石竹斑驳病毒和香石竹坏死斑点病毒,以带香石竹斑驳病毒的香石竹品种“俏新朗”为实验材料,研究了直接剥茎尖法,高温处理结合剥茎尖法和病毒痤处理结合剥茎尖法3种方法在脱病毒效率和茎尖成苗率的差异,实验结果表明以加热处理结合剥茎尖法脱病毒效果最好,0.2mm茎尖脱病毒率可达77．78％,加5％病毒座处理对脱病毒有一定的影响,直接剥茎尖法脱病毒效果最差。     

杭白菊茎尖组织培养及试管苗繁殖技术研究

采用茎尖组织培养技术,建立了杭白菊中大洋菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)的无菌试管苗体系.通过基本培养基和激素配比实验,筛选出杭白菊试管苗快速繁殖的最佳培养基组成.结果表明:最适宜的外植体为直径0.3 mm的茎尖;诱导丛生芽的最适培养基为:MS 6-BA 0.1 mg*L-1 IAA 0.02 mg*L-1;诱导试管苗生根的最适培养基为:1/2MS IAA 0.7 mg*L-1.用电子显微镜进行病毒检测后,筛选出2个脱病毒株系,脱病毒试管苗可作为今后提供优质种苗的种源.     

草莓脱病毒苗的诱导及其光合特性的研究

利用茎尖分生组织(0.2~0.3mm)培养和花药培养, 产生草莓脱病毒苗.茎尖培养脱病毒率在72.7~95.5%间, 花药培养脱病毒率在66.7~79.2%间。进行38℃恒温处理茎尖分生组织组培苗, 可提高脱病毒效果。产量比较试验表明, 不同品种的草毒脱病毒苗比对照增产11.7~26.2%, 花药脱病毒苗和茎尖脱病毒苗的增产效果一致.叶绿素含量和光合作用强度测定表明, 脱病毒苗与对照相比, 叶绿素含量增加2.3~26.9%, 光合作用强度增加6.9~12.1%.     

携病毒马铃薯茎尖分化成苗与脱毒率检测

以携带病毒的‘夏波蒂’马铃薯无菌苗为材料,38℃/4h热处理4周,剥离带1个叶原基的茎尖,接种至不同浓度激素组合的24种MS固体培养基上,22℃/16h培养30d后统计茎尖的愈伤组织诱导率和分化成苗率;RT-PCR检测茎尖再生苗3种病毒(PVX、PVY、PLRV)和纺锤块茎类病毒(PSTVd)的脱毒率。结果表明:茎尖分化成苗最适培养基为MS+1.0mg/L ZT+0.2mg/L NAA+2.0mg/L GA3,愈伤组织诱导率为76.25%,分化成苗率为26.25%;再生苗3种病毒PVX、PVY和PLRV的脱毒率分别为69.4%、91.7%和100%,纺锤块茎类病毒PSTVd脱毒率仅为8.3%,二次茎尖剥离后脱毒率增加到20.8%。     

人参果茎尖脱毒培养与快速繁殖

对人参果(Solanum muricatum Ait)茎尖进行离体培养及快速繁殖.结果表明:适于外植体生长分化的培养基是不加任何激素或只加0.2 mg*L-1 NAA的MS培养基;用MS 0.5 mg*L-1 NAA培养基能促进组培苗茎尖快速伸长,有利于茎尖的剥离和脱毒培养;适于茎尖愈伤组织形成和分化的培养基为MS 0.2 mg*L-1 NAA 2.0 mg*L-1 6-BA;适于壮苗快繁的培养基为MS 0.5 mg*L-1 NAA 0.1 mg*L-1 PP333.生物学和电镜检测结果表明,利用0.2～0.3 mm茎尖培养的人参果试管苗已脱除病毒.     

口岸植物检疫脱毒处理技术研究进展

植物病毒影响植物的生长和发育,尤其是植物病毒的传染性及增殖性对一种或者一类植物的危害巨大。为了防范植物病毒随寄主贸易跨境传播危害,本文阐述了茎尖培养脱毒、热处理脱毒、热处理结合茎尖脱毒、离体微型嫁接、化学处理结合茎尖脱毒和低温疗法等脱毒技术,对应用于口岸检疫性病毒的不同脱毒方法进行了综述和分析,同时对今后植物检疫脱毒研究方向进行了展望。     

太子参超低温脱毒及规模化组培育苗技术

以太子参茎尖为外植体,采用超低温去除病毒方法,通过组织培养研究了芽增殖诱导、丛生芽诱导、生根壮苗诱导的适合条件,以期形成太子参规模化育苗技术。结果表明：超低温处理1 h后,太子参脱毒率可达90%以上;规模化组培育苗最适宜配方为初代培养基为改良MS＋2.5 mg/L 6-BA＋0.5 mg/L IAA继代增殖培养基为改良MS＋1.2 mg/L KT＋0.5 mg/L NAA,壮苗生根培养基为改良MS＋0.2 mg/L KT＋1.5 mg/L DA-6＋10%蛋白粉。     

影响芋茎尖培养中脱毒和快速繁殖的几个生理因素

以3个芋品种（‘石川早生’、‘虾籽芋’、‘叶用芋）球茎茎尖为外植体,进行脱病毒和快繁的结果表明,外植体表面灭菌的最佳方法是剥鳞片→乙醇→新洁尔灭→剥幼叶→氯化汞;适宜茎尖分化的培养基为MS＋1．0-2．0mg·L^-16-BA＋0．2mg·L^-1 NAA。生物学方法和电镜观察显示：连续3代0．5-0．7mm茎尖剥离培养对芋花叶病毒（DMV）的脱毒率达100％。在培养基MS＋0．2mg·L^-1 NAA中,适量添加6-BA和TDZ,三品种芋的试管苗增殖效果好;附加KT,试管苗生长健壮且利于生根：添加20-100mg·L^-1的精胺（spm）,可促进不定芽的发生,与KT配合使用可促使继代增殖和成苗一步完成。完整植株在草炭土：蛭石=1：1的基质中,移栽成活率超过97％,且苗生长健壮。     

葡萄去病毒和无毒苗试管快繁技术研究

1.葡萄病毒的脱除:(1)热处理脱毒:在38℃条件下,保持相对湿度60—70%,处理29个盆栽葡萄品种2-3个月,使100%的植株脱除了四种主要病毒病。(2)试管内热处理及茎尖剥离培养脱毒:将葡萄试管苗进行热处理并配合茎尖剥离培养或单用茎尖剥离培养,前者成活率30.5%,脱毒率100%;后者成活率73%,脱毒率94.7%。     

太子参快繁技术的优化及同源四倍体的诱导与鉴定

以太子参〔Pseudostellaria heterophylla(M iq.)Pax〕二倍体组培苗为实验材料,运用正交实验设计和组织培养方法,对太子参试管苗快速繁殖技术进行优化,并进行了同源四倍体的诱导与鉴定。结果表明,太子参最佳的繁殖培养基为含1.0 mg.L-16-BA和0.2 mg.L-1NAA的MS培养基;最佳生根培养基为含0.1 mg.L-1IAA、0.2mg.L-1NAA和1.0 mg.L-1ABT或0.2 mg.L-1IAA、0.2 mg.L-1NAA和1.0 mg.L-1ABT的1/2MS培养基。诱导同源四倍体的最佳处理方法为:用0.2%秋水仙素处理22 h或用0.3%秋水仙素处理12 h,所诱导的同源泉四倍体染色体数目为2n=4x=64条。     

Elimination of ornithogalum mosaic virus in the Ornithogalum cv. Rogel through meristem tip culture and chemotherapy

Virus-indexed Ornithogalum ev. Rojel plants were produced by eliminating Ornithogalum mosaic virus (OMV) through meristem-tip culture. The best plantlet regeneration was obtained from meristems derived from adventitious buds which developed on leaf explants taken from mother plants at the flowering stage. Acyclovir had no effect as an anti-viral compound on plantlet regeneration or virus elimination. Adenine arabinoside retarded plantlet development at concentrations of 10 mg l^-1 and higher, while 5.0 mg l^-1 suppressed the virus concentration beneath a detectable level in young plants. All the mature plants, however, tested positively for the presence of OMV.Abbreviations BA 6-benzyladenine - NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid - OMV Ornithogalum mosaic virus     

Virus elimination during the purification of monoclonal antibodies by column chromatography and additional steps

The theoretical potential for virus transmission by monoclonal antibody based therapeutic products has led to the inclusion of appropriate virus reduction steps. In this study, virus elimination by the chromatographic steps used during the purification process for two (IgG‐1 & ?3) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been investigated. Both the Protein G (>7log) and ion‐exchange (5 log) chromatography steps were very effective for eliminating both enveloped and non‐enveloped viruses over the life‐time of the chromatographic gel. However, the contribution made by the final gel filtration step was more limited, i.e., 3 log. Because these chromatographic columns were recycled between uses, the effectiveness of the column sanitization procedures (guanidinium chloride for protein G or NaOH for ion‐exchange) were tested. By evaluating standard column runs immediately after each virus spiked run, it was possible to directly confirm that there was no cross contamination with virus between column runs (guanidinium chloride or NaOH). To further ensure the virus safety of the product, two specific virus elimination steps have also been included in the process. A solvent/detergent step based on 1% triton X‐100 rapidly inactivating a range of enveloped viruses by >6 log inactivation within 1 min of a 60 min treatment time. Virus removal by virus filtration step was also confirmed to be effective for those viruses of about 50 nm or greater. In conclusion, the combination of these multiple steps ensures a high margin of virus safety for this purification process. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:1341–1347, 2014     

植物种质超低温保存遗传稳定性的研究进展

超低温保存被认为是种质长期保存最有效的方法,其中生物材料低温保存的遗传稳定性是植物种质资源保存中最受关注的问题之一。本文对近年来超低温保存后植物材料的遗传稳定性及变异的研究情况进行了介绍,涉及表型性状分析、基因组遗传稳定性、表观遗传变化及超低温保存的筛选效应等,为进一步研究超低温保存的应用提供参考。     

Pitx2c modulates Pax3+/Pax7+ cell populations and regulates Pax3 expression by repressing miR27 expression during myogenesis

Pitx2 is a paired-related homeobox gene that is expressed in muscle progenitors during myogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that overexpression of Pitx2c isoform in myoblasts maintained these cells with a high proliferative capacity and completely blocked terminal differentiation by inducing high Pax3 expression levels (Martinez et al., 2006). We now report that Pitx2c-mediated proliferation vs. differentiation effect is maintained during in vivo myogenesis. In vivo Pitx2c loss of function leads to a decrease in Pax3+/Pax7− cell population in the embryo accompanied by an increase of Pax3+/Pax7+ cells. Pitx2c transient-transfection experiments further supported the notion that Pitx2c can modulate Pax3/Pax7 expression. Pitx2c but not Pitx3 controls Pax3/Pax7 expression, although redundant roles are elicited at the terminal myoblast differentiation. Contrary to Pitx2c, Pitx3 does not regulate cell proliferation or Pax3 expression, demonstrating the specificity of Pitx2c mediating these actions in myoblasts. Furthermore we demonstrated that Pitx2c modulates Pax3 by repressing miR27 expression and that Pax3-miR-27 modulation mediated by Pitx2c is independent of Pitx2c effects on cell proliferation. Therefore, this study sheds light on previously unknown function of Pitx2c balancing the different myogenic progenitor populations during myogenesis.     

花卉脱毒培养与优质种苗生产

综述了自20世纪60年代以来花卉园艺植物离体快繁及脱毒培养技术的发展概况,着重讨论了外植体培养过程中以MS培养基补充植物激素的适宜范围及植物脱毒的主要方法。     

我国柑桔主要病毒类病害及其无毒化技术研究进展(综述)

本文简述柑桔黄龙病、衰退病、裂皮病及碎叶病病原性质及对生产的危害,概述柑桔无毒化技术的研究进展。