Microbacterium marinum sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea water

Two Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterial strains, H101(T) and H207, were isolated from deep sea water collected from South-West Indian Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two strains were closely related to one another (100% similarity), and had the closest relationship with Microbacterium hominis NBRC 15708(T) and Microbacterium insulae KCTC 19247(T) (98.2-98.3% similarities). DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains H101(T) and H207 was 87.2 ± 3.7%, and the values between the two strains and the closely related type strains were well below 70%. The two strains also shared a number of physiological and biochemical characteristics that were distinct from the closely related species, and grew at 2-37 ° C, pH 5-11 and 0-8% (w/v) NaCl. Both strains contained MK-12, MK-13 and MK-11 as the detected menaquinones. The peptidoglycan was of type B1γ with an interpeptide bridge D-Glu(Hyg)→ Gly(2)→ l-Lys. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0), and iso-C(16:0). Based on the genetic and phenotypic properties, it is proposed that strains H101(T) and H207 be classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, with the name Microbacterium marinum sp. nov. The type strain is H101(T) (= CGMCC 4.6941(T) = DSM 24947(T)).     

Paracoccus pacificus sp. nov., isolated from the Western Pacific Ocean

A Gram-stain negative, short rod-shaped, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated F14^T, was isolated from the Western Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism supported that it belongs to the genus Paracoccus. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity between strain F14^T and other type strains of recognized members of the genus Paracoccus were 93.6–96.5 %. Growth of strain F14^T was observed at 4–40 °C (optimum, 28–30 °C), pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0) and in the presence of 0–7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1–2 %). The major cellular fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω6c and/or C_18:1 ω7c). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipid pattern indicated the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and three unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content was 61.4 mol%. On the basis of polyphasic characterization, strain F14^T represents a novel species, for which the name Paracoccus pacificus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F14^T (=CGMCC 1.12755^T=LMG 28106^T=MCCC 1A09947^T).     

Marinomonas profundimaris sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment sample of the Arctic Ocean

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain D104^T, which was isolated from deep-sea subsurface sediment sample from the Arctic Ocean. The bacterium was found to be Gram-negative, oxidase negative and catalase weakly positive, rod shaped, motile by means of polar flagellum. The organism grows between 4 and 37 °C (optimum 25–28 °C) and 0.5–6 % NaCl (optimum 3 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain D104^T belongs to the genus Marinomonas, with highest sequence similarities of 97.7 % to Marinomonas ushuaiensis DSM 15871^T, followed by M. dokdonensis DSW10-10^T (96.9 %), M. arenicola KMM 3893^T (96.7 %), M. arctica 328^T (96.6 %) and other 18 species of the genus Marinomonas (94.4–96.5 %). The average nucleotide identity and estimated DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain D104^T and M. ushuaiensis DSM 15871^T were 84.24 % and 20.80 ± 2.33 % respectively. The principal fatty acids were C_16:0, sum in feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c), sum in feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c/C_18:1 ω6c) and C_12:1 3OH. The G + C content of the chromosomal DNA was determined to be 44.8 mol%. The respiratory quinone was found to be Q8 (100 %). Polar lipids include phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major phospholipids and aminolipid and phospholipid as minor components. The results of the genotypic and phenotypic analyses indicate that strain D104^T represents a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas profundimaris sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain D104^T (=MCCC 1A07573^T = LMG 27696^T).     

Salinicola peritrichatus sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment

A Gram stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain DY22^T, was isolated from a deep-sea sediment collected from the east Pacific Ocean. The isolate was found to grow in the presence of 0–20.0 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 4.5–8.5; optimum growth was observed with 0.5–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 5.0–7.0. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed the presence of ubiquinone-9 as predominant respiratory quinone and C_16:0, C_19:0 ω8c cyclo and C_12:0 3-OH as major cellular fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 59.6 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the novel isolate belongs to the genus Salinicola. Strain DY22^T exhibited the closest phylogenetic affinity to the type strain of Salinicola salarius with 97.2 % sequence similarity and less than 97 % sequence similarity with respect to other Salinicola species with validly published names. The DNA–DNA reassociation values between strain DY22^T and S. salarius DSM 18044^T was 52 ± 4 %. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain DY22^T represents a novel species of the genus Salinicola, for which the name Salinicola peritrichatus sp. nov. (type strain DY22^T = CGMCC 1.12381^T = JCM 18795^T) is proposed.     

Pelagibaca abyssi sp. nov., of the family Rhodobacteraceae,isolated from deep-sea water

A Gram-stain negative, oval-shaped, aerobic, catalase and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated JLT2014^T, was isolated from a deep-seawater sample (obtained at a 2,000 m depth) of the Southeastern Pacific Ocean. The dominant fatty acids were identified as C_18:1ω7c/C_18:1ω6c, C_16:0 and C_10:0 3-OH, which altogether represented 60.1 % of the total. The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as Q-10. The G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 66.4 mol %. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate can be affiliated with the Roseobacter clade within the family Rhodobacteraceae. Strain JLT2014^T exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value to Pelagibaca bermudensis HTCC2601^T (sequence similarity value: 97.6 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain JLT2014^T and P. bermudensis HTCC2601^T was 46.9 ± 2 %. Based on phenotypic properties and phylogenetic analysis, the name Pelagibaca abyssi sp. nov. is proposed, with JLT2014^T(=LMG 27363^T=CGMCC 1.12376^T) as the type strain.     

Nonlabens marina sp. nov., a novel member of the Flavobacteriaceae isolated from the Pacific Ocean

Two aerobic, Gram-negative, orange pigmented and irregular rod-shaped bacteria, designated S1-05 and S1-08^T, were isolated from seawater from the Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolates could be affiliated with the genus Nonlabens of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The strains S1-05 and S1-08^T shared 100 % pairwise sequences similarity with each other and showed less than 96.8 % similarity with the cultivated members of the genus Nonlabens. The novel isolates are phenotypically and physiologically different from strains described previously. The strains were found to be non-motile, oxidase positive, catalase positive and hydrolyzed gelatin and aesculin. The G+C contents of the DNA were determined to 41.4 and 41.7 mol% and MK-6 the predominant menaquinone. Anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 were found to be the major two cellular fatty acids. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic studies, it was concluded that strains S1-05 and S1-08^T represent a novel species within the genus Nonlabens, for which the name Nonlabens marina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of N. marina is S1-08^T (=KCTC 23432^T = NBRC 107738^T).     

Altererythrobacter oceanensis sp. nov., isolated from the Western Pacific

A Gram-stain negative, ovoid-rod shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain Y2^T, was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the Western Pacific. Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism indicated that it belongs to the genus Altererythrobacter. Strain Y2^T shares highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.6 % with Erythrobacter jejuensis CNU001^T, followed by the type strains of recognized members of the genus Altererythrobacter (94.8–96.5 %). Strain Y2^T forms a clade with E. jejuensis CNU001^T in the cluster of species of the genus Altererythrobacter. Growth of strain Y2^T was observed at 4–40 °C (optimum, 35–37 °C), at pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0) and in the presence of 0–5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2–3 %). The major cellular fatty acids were found to be C_17:1 ω6c (41.5 %), summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c and/or C_18:1 ω6c; 17.2 %), C_17:1 ω8c (11.0 %) and C_15:0 2OH (8.1 %). The major respiratory quinone was determine to be ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). The polar lipid analysis indicated the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one sphingoglycolipid, three unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids, two unidentified aminolipids and three unknown lipids. The DNA G + C content of the type strain is 60.0 mol %. On the basis of the data from the polyphasic characterization, strain Y2^T represents a novel species, for which the name Altererythrobacter oceanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y2^T (=CGMCC 1.12752^T =LMG 28109^T).     

Pacificamonas flava gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Member of the Family Sphingomonadaceae Isolated from the Southeastern Pacific

Strain JLT2015^T was isolated from surface seawater of the Southeastern Pacific. The strain was Gram-negative, aerobic, motile by gliding, and rod shaped. The dominant fatty acids were C_18:1ω7c, C_16:0, and C_16:1ω7c. The major respiratory ubiquinone was Q-10, and the predominant polyamine pattern was spermidine. The components of the polar lipid profile were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and sphingoglycolipid. The DNA G+C content was 64.2 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed strain JLT2015^T belonged to belong to the family Sphingomonadaceae, exhibiting 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Novosphingobium pentaromativorans. On the basis of the taxonomic data presented, together with phylogenetic and genetic characteristics, strain JLT2015^T is considered to represent a novel genus, for which the name Pacificamonas flava gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Pacificamonas flava is JLT2015^T (=LMG27364^T = CGMCC1.12401^T).     

Roseomonas sediminicola sp. nov., isolated from fresh water

A Gram-stain negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and rod-shaped bacterial strain designated FW-3^T was isolated from fresh water and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain FW-3^T was found to grow at 10–37 °C and at pH 7.0 in the absence of NaCl on nutrient agar. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain FW-3^T was shown to belong to the family Acetobacteraceae and to be related to Roseomonas lacus TH-G33^T (97.2 % sequence similarity) and Roseomonas terrae DS-48^T (96.4 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 68.0 %. The major menaquinone was determined to be Q-10 and the major fatty acids were identified as summed feature 7 (comprising C_18:1 ω9c/ω12t/ω7c as defined by the MIDI system; 55.4 %), and C_18:1 2OH (29.8 %). DNA and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain FW-3^T to the genus Roseomonas. Strain FW-3^T could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from the recognized species of the genus Roseomonas. The novel isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Roseomonas sediminicola sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain FW-3^T (=KACC 16616^T = JCM 18210^T).     

Loktanella soesokkakensis sp. nov., isolated from the junction between the North Pacific Ocean and a freshwater spring

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and rod-shaped or ovoid bacterial strain, designated DSSK1-5^T, was isolated from the junction between the North Pacific Ocean and a freshwater spring at Jeju island, South Korea. Strain DSSK1-5^T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DSSK1-5^T fell within the clade comprising Loktanella species, clustering consistently with the type strains of Loktanella hongkongensis and Loktanella cinnabarina, with which it exhibited 98.9 and 98.4 % sequence similarity values, respectively. Sequence similarities to the type strains of the other recognized Loktanella species were 94.0–96.2 %. Strain DSSK1-5^T was found to contain Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain DSSK1-5^T were identified as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain DSSK1-5^T was determined to be 67.6 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with L. hongkongensis JCM 12479^T and L. cinnabarina JCM 18161^T were 19 and 23 %, respectively. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain DSSK1-5^T is separated from other Loktanella species. On the basis of the data presented, strain DSSK1-5^T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Loktanella, for which the name Loktanella soesokkakensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DSSK1-5^T (= KCTC 32425^T = CECT 8367^T).     

Myroides profundi sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment of the southern Okinawa Trough

A Gram-negative, nonmotile, aerobic and oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterium, designated D25(T), was isolated from the deep-sea sediments of the southern Okinawa Trough area. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain D25(T) fell within the genus Myroides, with 99.2%, 96.0% and 93.4% sequence similarities to the only three recognized species of Myroides. However, the DNA-DNA similarity value between strain D25(T) and its nearest neighbour Myroides odoratimimus JCM 7460(T) was only 49.9% (<70%). Several phenotypic properties could be used to distinguish strain D25(T) from other Myroides species. The main cellular fatty acids of strain D25(T) were iso-C(15:0), iso-C(17:1)omega9c, iso-C(17:0)3-OH and Summed Feature 3 (comprising C(16:1)omega7c and/or iso-C(15:0)2-OH). The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content was 33.0 mol%. The results of the polyphasic taxonomy analysis suggested that strain D25(T) represents a novel species of the genus Myroides, for which the name Myroides profundi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D25(T) (=CCTCC M 208030(T)=DSM 19823(T)).     

Pacificispira spongiicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a nitrate-reducing bacterium isolated from tropical western Pacific

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - The Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, curved-to-spiral rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KN72T, was isolated from the Caroline Seamounts in the Pacific Ocean....     

Actibacterium atlanticum sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater of the Atlantic Ocean

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain 22II-S11-z10^T, which was isolated from the surface seawater of the Atlantic Ocean. The bacterium was found to be Gram-stain negative, oxidase and catalase positive, oval- to rod-shaped and non-motile. Growth was observed at salinities of 0.5–9 % and at temperatures of 10–41 °C. The isolate can reduce nitrate to nitrite, degrade gelatin and aesculin, but can not degrade Tween 80. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 22II-S11-z10^T belongs to the genus Actibacterium, with the highest sequence similarity to the type strain Actibacterium mucosum CECT 7668^T (97.3 %). The DNA–DNA hybridization estimate value between strain 22II-S11-z10^T and A. mucosum CECT 7668^T was 19.30 ± 2.29 %. The principal fatty acids were identified as Summed Feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c/ω6c as defined by the MIDI system, 75.2 %) and Summed Feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/ω6c, 6.9 %). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was determined to be 59.0 mol%. The respiratory quinone was determined to be Q-10 (100 %). Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two phospholipids, two aminolipids and two lipids were identified in the polar lipids. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain 22II-S11-z10^T represents a novel species within the genus Actibacterium, for which the name Actibacterium atlanticum sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain 22II-S11-z10^T (=MCCC 1A09298^T = LMG 27158^T).     

Aquimarina atlantica sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater of the Atlantic Ocean

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain 22II-S11-z7^T, which was isolated from the surface seawater of the Atlantic Ocean. The bacterium was found to be Gram-negative, oxidase negative and catalase positive, long-rod shaped, and gliding. Growth was observed at salinities of 1–5 % and at temperatures of 10–41 °C. The isolate was capable of hydrolysing gelatin and Tween 80 and able to reduce nitrate to nitrite, but unable to degrade aesculin. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 22II-S11-z7^T belongs to the genus Aquimarina, with highest sequence similarity to Aquimarina megaterium XH134^T (98.31 %), followed by Aquimarina macrocephali JAMB N27^T (96.59 %); other species of the genus Aquimarina shared 93.63–96.08 % sequence similarity. The ANI value between strain 22II-S11-z7^T and A. megaterium XH134^T was found to be 91.86–91.81 %. The DNA–DNA hybridization estimated value between strain 22II-S11-z7^T and A. megaterium XH134^T was 47.7 ± 2.6 %. The principal fatty acids were identified as Summed Feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/ω6c, as defined by the MIDI system; 8.1 %), SummedFeature 9 (iso-C_17:1 ω7c/C_16:110-methyl; 6.8 %), iso-C_15:0 G (11.3 %), iso-C_15:0 (24.9 %), iso-C_16:0 (5.7 %), C_16:0 (5.2 %), iso-C_15:0 3OH (6.4 %) and iso-C_17:0 3OH (21.5 %). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was determined to be 32.99 mol %. The respiratory quinone was determined to be MK-6 (100 %). Phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, five unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified lipids were found to be present. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain 22II-S11-z7^T represents a novel species within the genus Aquimarina, for which the name Aquimarina atlantica sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain 22II-S11-z7^T (=MCCC 1A09239^T = KCTC 42003^T).