SLA—DQB和DRB的生物信息学分析

对Genbank中猪的白细胞抗原（SLA）Ⅱ类抗原基因DQB及DRB序列进行了SNP及氨基酸序列多态性分析,并对SLA—DQB及DRB分子进行了蛋白质序列模式分析（Prostie motif search）。结果表明：β1功能区存在较大的变异,特别是位于抗原肽结合槽的氨基酸位点中,其变异程度更大。SLA—DQB及DRB蛋白质序列中,主要存在8种类型的蛋白质序列模式位点,其中3种类型的磷酸化位点存在蛋白模序的改变,都位于β1功能区（前94个氨基酸）,且多数位点突变频率较高。     

FZ6基因及其蛋白的生物信息学分析

目的:对frizzled6(FZ6)基因和Frizzled6(Fz6)蛋白进行生物信息学分析,更多的了解该基因的相关信息,为进一步研究Wnt-Fz信号通路以及FZ基因与神经管发育缺陷相关性研究提供基础。方法:运用Internet上的数据库及程序,对FZ6基因结构、单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)位点、Fz6蛋白的二级结构、蛋白相互作用网络以及Fz蛋白家族的多重序列比对进行生物信息学分析。结果:FZ6基因染色体定位于8q22.3-q23.1,基因全长33995bp,编码706个氨基酸;编码区存在8个SNPs位点,其中错义SNPs4个;多序列比对结果显示10个Fz蛋白家族成员分为4个亚类,Fz3和Fz6为同一类;Fz6蛋白有2个保守的结构域,蛋白序列羧基端缺少其他Fz蛋白普遍存在的S/T-X-V序列模式;其二级结构以α螺旋和随机卷曲为主。结论:通过对FZ6基因及其蛋白的生物信息学分析获得了其相应的生物学特征,为进一步研究奠定基础。     

昆虫血清素受体蛋白的生物信息学分析

【目的】昆虫血清素(5-羟色胺)受体已知有5个亚型。本文旨在系统分析昆虫5-羟色胺受体亚型蛋白的结构和进化关系。【方法】首先对文献报道已明确亚型7种昆虫的5-羟色胺受体(23个亚型序列)进行生物信息学分析,然后采用多序列比对和进化树构建的方法对NCBI数据库中推测可能为昆虫5-羟色胺受体蛋白序列进行分析。【结果】发现47个推测是昆虫5-羟色胺受体的蛋白序列中,有40个蛋白序列属于昆虫5-羟色胺受体,其余7个未能确认的昆虫5-羟色胺受体的蛋白序列都具有7个跨膜区域,属于G蛋白偶联受体家族,但不一定为5-羟色胺受体。【结论】本文对昆虫5-羟色胺受体蛋白的系统进化树分析,间接地证明了本文确认的昆虫5-羟色胺受体亚型注释信息的准确性,发现分类上同属一个目的昆虫5-HT受体序列的亲缘性较近。本研究为昆虫5-羟色胺受体的结构和功能分析提供基础。     

黏细菌漆酶序列筛选及其重组酶酶学性质

漆酶是一种应用广泛的绿色环保的多酚氧化酶。漆酶过去被认为广泛存在于植物、昆虫和真菌中,而近年来,越来越多的细菌中也发现了漆酶的存在。黏细菌是一类重要的资源菌,但与一般细菌相比,较难分离和纯化。文中利用生物信息学的方法,综合应用Blast和隐马尔可夫模型方法对黏细菌蛋白质组数据库进行搜索,并根据多铜氧化酶的保守铜离子结合位点进行进一步筛选,获得30个候选黏细菌漆酶序列。挑选其中9个,在大肠杆菌中进行重组表达。利用2,6-甲氧基苯酚(DMP)等常用漆酶底物检测重组酶的催化氧化活性,其中7个重组蛋白具有漆酶催化活性。选择1个对2,6-甲氧基苯酚(DMP)具有较高氧化活性的重组酶(命名为rSC-2),通过Ni-NTA亲和层析柱纯化rSC-2,测试其酶学性质。纯化的rSC-2蛋白分子量约57 kDa,在最适反应条件下,rSC-2催化DMP反应的比酶活为0.27 U/mg。催化DMP反应的最适温度为60℃,最适pH为7.0。rSC-2在pH 7.0-8.0有较高酶活,在60℃孵育1 h保留50%以上剩余酶活。低浓度的Ca~(2+)对酶活有一定的促进作用,而较高浓度的Fe~(3+)、Co~(2+)、Ba~(2+)对酶活的抑制作用较明显。这是首次对黏细菌漆酶序列进行系统性的生物信息学分析,并实现纤维堆囊菌Sorangium cellulosum序列来源的漆酶活性蛋白在大肠杆菌细胞中重组表达。     

Bioinformatic analysis of gene encoding odorant binding protein (OBP) 1, OBP2, and chemosensory proteins in Grapholita molesta

In this study, odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory protein (CSP), which are associated with the sensitivity of Grapholita molesta, were comprehensively analysed using bioinformatics. The full-length cDNAs of GmolOBP1, GmolOBP2, and GmolCSP were downloaded and their open reading frames (ORFs) were analysed. Their physicochemical properties were determined and their structures and functions were predicted. Additionally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to investigate the evolutionary relationships among GmolOBP1, GmolOBP2, GmolCSP, and 14 other insect proteins. GmolOBP1, GmolOBP2 and GmolCSP were composed of 164, 161, and 127 amino acids. GmolOBP1 and GmolOBP2 contained 7 and 6 cysteine residues forming 3 disulphide bonds. The transmembrane, hydrophobic, and signal peptide regions overlapped in GmolOBP1 and GmolCSP and were located in the extracellular environment. GmolCSP showed more coiled coils and a smaller cavity in the three-dimensional structure than GmolOBP1 and GmolOBP2. In the phylogenetic tree, GmolOBP1, GmolOBP2, and GmolCSP were in different clusters or sub-clusters. In conclusion, GmolOBP1 and GmolOBP2 shared some common properties with other OBPs. Additionally, GmolOBP1, GmolOBP2, and GmolCSP may have evolved independently.     

宫颈癌相关blcap基因的生物信息学分析

BLCAP is a potential gene for suppression of cervical carcinoma, which was found by analysing the cervical carcinoma specimen with the oncogene and anti-oncogene cDNA microarray. Basing on the bioinformatical analyses, we try to predict the function of blcap gene. The results show that there are several genes that highly resemble with blcap. The comparability between the sequences of blcap and Homo sapiens mRNA (DKFZp564M053) or BC10 is 99% and 87%, respectively. The protein encoded by BLCAP is composed of Leu(19.5%), pro(9.19%), ser(8.04%)、 cys(8.04%) and other amino acids. The secondary structure of the N-terminal of BLCAP encoded protein is an alpha helix. In the C-terminal, it is beta sheet and in the middle, it is coil. The of the terminals is more hydrophobile than the middle region. Between 45-55aa, there is a transmembrane region. Therefore, we forecast the BLCAP is a member of transmembrane protein I. By analyzing the signal peptide and the procedure of blcap gene with the program of SignalP (V1.1), we found a cleavage site in 59-66aa. By using the program of Netpho, we predicted there might be three phospholate sites at 68aa, 73aa and 78aa. At 78-81aa, we found a typical [ST]-X [2] -[DE] structure—the phospholate site of tyrosine protein kinase, which might be related to its function. Bioinformatic studies of blcap provided the foundation for the function researches of BLCAP in laboratory.     

Oxygen-evolving extrinsic proteins (PsbO,P,Q,R): Bioinformatic and functional analysis

The water-splitting and oxygen-evolving (OE) reaction is carried out by a large multisubunit protein complex, Photosystem II (PSII), that has two distinct regions: a membrane intrinsic-region that includes most of the PSII subunits and a lumenal extrinsic-region that is in close association to the manganese catalytic center. The recently determined PSII 3D structures from cyanobacteria provide a considerable amount of new knowledge about the OE architecture (K.N. Ferreira, T.M. Iverson, K. Maghlaoui, J. Barber, S. Iwata, Architecture of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving center, Science 303 (2004) 1831-1838; B. Loll, J. Kern, W. Saenger, A. Zouni, J. Biesiadka, Towards complete cofactor arrangement in the 3.0 A resolution structure of photosystem II, Nature 438 (2005) 1040-1044). Most of the intrinsic core PSII polypeptides have been well conserved through evolution from ancient cyanobacteria to modern plants, keeping the essence of PSII light driven reactions from prokaryotes to eukaryotes; but what is striking is the large number of changes that have occurred in the oxygen-evolving extrinsic proteins (OEEp) associated to PSII lumenal side. For unknown reasons plant PSII has required the “invention” of three OEEps: PsbP (23 kDa), PsbQ (16 kDa) and PsbR (10 kDa); associated to the ubiquitous OEEp PsbO (33 kDa). This set of proteins seems to be required in plants for the full activity and stability of the OE center in vivo, but their specific function is not clear. In this paper, bioinformatics and functional data show that the OEEps present in plants and green algae are very distinct from their prokaryotic counterparts. Moreover, clear differences are found for PsbQ from higher plants and green algae; and a relationship has been found between PsbR and the Mn cluster.     

宫颈癌相关blcap基因的生物信息学分析

宫颈癌是发展中国家最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一,其死亡率居女性肿瘤的第二位,已成为危害女性身体健康的最主要杀手[1].过去常认为高危型人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus, HPV)如HPV16,18等型的感染是导致宫颈癌的主要原因之一,但近年众多的研究表明,细胞内遗传因素的改变也起着非常重要的作用[2].因此,确定宫颈癌相关基因,从而对从分子水平上了解细胞癌变机制,为宫颈癌的临床诊断、预防、易感性预测及治疗提供分子标记具有十分重要的意义.     

Bioinformatic analysis of key pathways and genes involved in pediatric atopic dermatitis

The initiation of atopic dermatitis (AD) typically happens very early in life, but most of our understanding of AD is derived from studies on AD patients in adult. The aim of the present study was to identify gene signature speficic to pediatric AD comapred with adult AD. The gene expression profiles of four datasets ({"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE32924","term_id":"32924"}}GSE32924, {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE36842","term_id":"36842"}}GSE36842, {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE58558","term_id":"58558"}}GSE58558, and {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE107361","term_id":"107361"}}GSE107361) were downloaded from the GEO database. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by Cytoscape software. Total 654 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (394 up-regulated and 260 down-regulated) were identified in pediatric AD samples with adult AD samples as control. The up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the migration and chemotaxis of granulocyte and neutrophil, while down-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in biological adhesion. KEGG pathway analysis showed that up-regulated DEGs participated in chemokine signaling pathway while down-regulated DEGs participated in adherens junction, focal adhesion, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. The top 10 hub genes GAPDH, EGFR, ACTB, ESR1, CDK1, CXCL8, CD44, KRAS, PTGS2, and SMC3 were involved in chemokine signaling pathway, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. In conclusion, we identified DEGs and hub genes involved in pediatric AD, which might be used as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for pediatric AD.     

Bioinformatic analysis of structural proteins of paramyxovirus Tianjin strain

The amino acid sequences of the NP,P, M, F,HN and L proteins of the paramyxovirus Tianjin strain were analyzed by using the bioinformatics methods. Phylogenetic analysis based on 6 structural proteins among the Tianjin strain and 25 paramyxoviruses showed that the Tianjin strain belonged to the genus Respirovirus, in the subfamily Paramyxovirinae, and was most closely related to Sendal virus (SeV). Phylogenetic analysis with 14 known SeVs showed that Tianjin strain represented a new evolutionary lineage. Similarities comparisons indicated that Tianjin strain P protein was poorly conserved, sharing only 78.7%-91.9% amino acid identity with the known SeVs, while the L protein was the most conserved, having 96.0%-98.0% amino acid identity with the known SeVs. Alignments of amino acid sequences of 6 structural proteins clearly showed that Tianjin strain possessed many unique amino acid substitutions in their protein sequences, 15 in NP, 29 in P, 6 in M, 13 in F, 18 in HN, and 29 in L. These results revealed that Tianjin strain was most likely a new genotype of SeV. The presence of unique amino acid substitutions suggests that Tianjin strain maybe has a significant difference in biological, pathological, immunological, or epidemiological characteristics from the known SeVs.     

The interactome of LIM domain proteins: the contributions of LIM domain proteins to heart failure and heart development

LIM domain proteins all contain at least one double zinc-finger motif. They belong to a large family and here we review those expressed mainly in mammalian hearts, but particularly in cardiomyocytes. These proteins contain between one and five LIM domains and usually these proteins contain other domains that have specific functions such as actin-binding, kinases and nuclear translocation motifs. While several recent reviews have summarised the importance of individual LIM domain proteins, this is the first review of its kind to cover all LIMs associated with the heart. Here we examine 33 LIM proteins (including three that bind to, but do not themselves contain, LIM domains) that are implicated in either the development of the heart, heart disorders and failure, or both. Our analysis is consistent with the view that cardiac LIM domain proteins form multiple extensive networks of multi-protein complexes within the myocardium. This multiplicity of binding partners probably protects the heart as it is challenged to maintain cardiac output, until the imbalance reaches a turning point that results in failure. We believe that the complexity of LIM interactions is properly described by the term LIM interactome.     

NRDRiso酶cDNA的序列测定及生物信息学分析

通过鉴定分析人肝组织中辅酶II依赖性视黄醇脱氢酶不同剪接体全长cDNA核苷酸序列与氨基酸序列的结构特征,为今后进一步研究体内维甲酸的代谢情况奠定基础。根据人、小鼠NRDR编码区的一致性序列,设计一对引物,应用RTPCR方法从人肝组织中得到一条377bp的新的cDNA片段。采用RACE法得到了NRDR新亚型cDNA,并以生物信息学软件分析其生物学特征。 测序得知该cDNA长为1003bp,以NADP-dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductase short isoform（NRDRiso）登录GenBank。其读码框为525bp,拟编码174个氨基酸的蛋白。     

家蝇小热休克蛋白(sHsp20.6)的生物信息学分析

研究家蝇小热休克蛋白sHsp20.6的生物学功能。方法应用生物信息学的方法和工具对家蝇sHsp20.6的理化性质、疏水性、跨膜区和信号肽、膜体分析、二级结构功能域、蛋白质的功能分类预测、多重序列比对与系统发育树构建、三级结构建模进行分析。结果表明:家蝇sHsp20.6是一个亲水蛋白,分子量为20.64kD,等电点为5.66,不具有跨膜区和信号肽,包含有一个HSP20的结构域,主要构成原件为α螺旋和无规则卷曲,三维结构预测显示该蛋白为棒状结构,C端结构域具有7个片层结构。聚类分析显示,家蝇sHsp20.6蛋白与昆虫中的直系同源小热休克蛋白(orthologoussmallheatshockprotein)聚为一类。     

BDCGrid:基于Globus的生物信息高性能计算网格系统

随着分子生物信息数据量高速增长,生物信息学面临着大规模、高通量、密集型计算的巨大挑战。为有效利用计算机资源,缩短高通量生物信息计算程序执行时间,我们基于Globus Toolkit网格中间件,实现了一个支持高通量生物数据计算的网格系统(Biological Data Computing Grid,简称BDCGrid)。BDCGrid计算网格系统模型可以有效整合中小型生物信息学实验室计算机资源,大大缩短高通量生物信息计算程序执行时间,为相关研究人员利用现有计算机资源处理大规模、高通量生物信息计算任务提供一种新的途径。     

Bioinformatic analysis of the origin, sequence and diversification of mu opioid receptors in vertebrates

Opioid receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that mediate the effects of the different families of endogenous opioid peptides and natural alkaloid drugs such as morphine and its synthetic derivatives. In particular, the μ opioid receptor (MOR) represents the principal molecular target for morphine and it plays key roles in opioid analgesia and addiction. In this work, new putative MORs from different vertebrate species were identified in silico and their gene organization and predicted protein products are compared with the previously characterized MORs. Also, for the first time a new genomic organization in euteleleostei teleosts has been identified. Moreover, we suggest that MORs may be specific to craniate lineage. The analysis of functional mapping of MORs we present is an important contribution to the identification of their evolutionarily conserved regions.     

平榛AGAMOUS基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

以野生平榛(Corylus heterophylla Fischer)为试材,采用RT-PCR方法从花芽中获得了一个平榛AGAMOUS基因cDNA,命名为ChAG,GenBank登录号为JN828811.序列分析结果表明,ChAG基因编码一个长度为726 bp,编码241个氨基酸的开放阅读框.氨基酸序列分析显示,该基因属于MADS家族AG亚家族.序列比对和系统进化分析表明,ChAG基因与欧榛的亲缘关系最近,相似性达99％.采用生物信息学手段对ChAG基因的保守结构域、疏水性和二级结构等进行分析.     

Bioinformatic Analysis of the Contribution of Primer Sequences to Aptamer Structures

Aptamers are nucleic acid molecules selected in vitro to bind a particular ligand. While numerous experimental studies have examined the sequences, structures, and functions of individual aptamers, considerably fewer studies have applied bioinformatics approaches to try to infer more general principles from these individual studies. We have used a large Aptamer Database to parse the contributions of both random and constant regions to the secondary structures of more than 2000 aptamers. We find that the constant, primer-binding regions do not, in general, contribute significantly to aptamer structures. These results suggest that (a) binding function is not contributed to nor constrained by constant regions; (b) in consequence, the landscape of functional binding sequences is sparse but robust, favoring scenarios for short, functional nucleic acid sequences near origins; and (c) many pool designs for the selection of aptamers are likely to prove robust.     

烟草蛋白酶抑制剂基因的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

蛋白酶抑制剂可以增强植物对病虫害的抵抗能力,为了深入研究蛋白酶抑制剂在烟草中的作用机制,利用生物信息学的方法,成功获得了烟草品种K326中的4种蛋白酶抑制剂cDNA序列(NtPI-1、NtPI-2、NtPI-3和NtPI-4)并对其进行了序列分析.它们编码的氨基酸序列都具有典型的马铃薯蛋白酶抑制剂Ⅰ家族功能结构域,属于马铃薯蛋白酶抑制剂Ⅰ家族成员.序列分析表明,4种蛋白酶抑制剂基因cDNA序列均具有完整的开放读码框,依次编码128、95、94和72个氨基酸残基,它们的氨基酸序列一致性在31％-38％之间.系统树分析表明,烟草品种K326中的4种蛋白酶抑制剂分散在进化树的不同位置,形成不同亚群.