天祝夏玛林区蝶类区系研究

2008-2010年每年7-9月,在天祝夏玛林区按照不同海拔高度及不同植被类型的自然环境,对蝶类进行了系统的采集,共获得蝶类标本2000号,经整理、鉴定出71种蝶类,隶属于8科50属。其中粉蝶科9属20种,占总种数的28.2%,为优势类群;蛱蝶科15属15种,眼蝶科13属14种,分别占总种数的21.1%和19.7%,为次优势类群;绢蝶科(1属9种)和灰蝶科(8属8种)为常见类群;弄蝶科(2属2种)、凤蝶科(1属2种)和蚬蝶科(1属1种)为罕见类群。区系成分分析结果是,属于古北界的种类有51种,占总种数的71.8%;属于东洋界与古北界兼有种类有14种,占总种数的19.7%;广布种6种,占总种数的8.5%;完全属于东洋界的种类无分布。结果表明,该地区分布的蝶类区系成分以古北界的种类为主。     

淀山湖浮游动物的群落结构及动态

为帮助利用生物操纵技术进行淀山湖水体富营养化治理,2004年1月至2005年12月对淀山湖浮游动物群落结构,包括种类组成、种群动态、现存量进行了2周年的系统调查.淀山湖浮游动物有128种,其中浮游原生动物23属29种、轮虫23属51种、枝角类15属33种、桡足类15种.年均密度6 965ind/L,原生动物和轮虫分别占62.19%和36.77%,密度高峰出现在春季;生物量年均为6.00mg/L,以轮虫和枝角类占优势,分别占51.65%和38.38%,生物量高峰出现在夏季.4个类群浮游动物多样性指数H'与其均匀度指数J呈显著正相关,原生动物群落多样性指数H'与其密度呈显著负相关.根据浮游动物密度及优势种组成特征判断,淀山湖水质为富营养型.原生动物多样性指数具有较好的水质指示作用.     

秦岭太白山区蝶类多样性的研究

秦岭太白山北坡蝶类组成共有78种,隶属6个科,43属。其中凤蝶科Papilionidae 3属8种,粉蝶科Pieridne 7属19种,眼蝶科sartyridae 5属9种,蛱蝶科Nymphalidae 15属27种,友蝶科Lycaenidae 7属8种,弄蝶科Hesperiidae 6属7种。新记录3种。     

Are the genera of Nematomorpha monophyletic taxa?

Twenty-two genera of horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) have been described to date, one (Nectonema) from the marine environment and the remaining ones (taxon Gordiida) from freshwater. The aim of this investigation was to test whether the genera represent monophyletic taxa or are likely to be paraphyletic assemblages. The recognition and delimitation of monophyletic taxa are prerequisites for further systematic analyses. From the 15 nematomorph genera containing more than one species, autapomorphies can be found for five genera (Chordodes, Nectonema, Beatogordius, Acutogordius, Noteochordodes). In three further genera (Paragordius, Parachordodes, Gordionus), the evaluation of characters as autapomorphies is likely, but relies on further investigations. For seven genera ('Gordius', 'Paragordionus', 'Euchordodes', 'Neochordodes', 'Pseudochordodes', 'Spinochordodes', 'Digordius'), no autapomorphy could be found. Five genera ('Digordius', Lanochordodes, Progordius, Pantachordodes, Pseudogordius) are likely to be synonymous with other genera, and one genus ( Chordodiolus ) has been synonymized with Beatogordius recently. The importance of high quality documentation of characters in investigations of nematomorph species is stressed.     

The aquatic, non–stauroconidial hyphomycetes of Norway with notes on the Nordic species

A key is given to the 9 genera of non–stauroconidial aquatic hyphomycetes so far found in the Nordic countries. Notes on genera and 15 species are given, including distribution in Norway and previous Nordic records. The 11 Norwegian species are illustrated.     

湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区种子植物区系研究

于2013-2015年对湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区进行多次全面野外调查,采集植物标本3441号,并对其种子植物区系特点进行了研究。结果显示,该保护区共有野生种子植物138科678属1617种,其中裸子植物6科15属19种,被子植物132科663属1598种。区系分析表明,热带科(66.06%)多于温带科(33.94%),这与该区曾经历过古热带的历史背景相吻合;属级水平上则为温带属性(58.45%)强于热带(41.55%);中国特有种623个(占总种数的38.53%),均与四周区域所共有,反映出东西南北植物区系在此交汇渗透的态势;这些均表明该区种子植物区系成分不但复杂多样,而且还具有过渡区域的特点;保护区内植物区系还具有古老、残遗的特性,一些古老的残遗植物在该地有良好的原生群落分布;保护区内特有树种和珍稀濒危植物也很丰富,具有很大的保护价值。     

陕西留坝地区种子植物区系分析

陕西留坝地区有种子植物１３３科、６３５属、１４８０种。本文对该地区植物区系进行了统计分析。统计分析结果表明：（１）本地区种子植物种类丰富,共有裸子植物６科、１３属、１９种;单子叶植物１８科、１３５属、２９７种;双子叶植物有１０９科、４８７属、１１６４种。木本种类５６６种,占３８．２％,草本９１４种,占６１．８％。（２）属的地理分布类型种类多,１５个分布类型及１５个变型。其中温带成分占６７．０％,有     

浙江磐安七仙湖省级湿地公园维管植物多样性调查

通过样地调查与样带踏查相结合的方法,整理统计磐安七仙湖省级湿地公园维管植物共计664种(含种下等级),隶属于138科438属,其中包括蕨类植物15种,裸子植物13种,被子植物636种。生活型维管植物以草本最为丰富,主要优势科为菊科、禾本科、蔷薇科、蝶形花科等;省级及以上重点保护植物23科26属26种;外来入侵植物6科15属16种。本次调查讨论分析了七仙湖湿地公园生态保护面临的主要问题与相应的解决措施,并结合植物资源现状就湿地公园开发方向和植物配置提出了合理化建议。     

深圳兽类物种资源调查及其影响因素分析

2014年4月至2015年10月对深圳市不同区域的兽类进行实地调查,共调查到8目15科32属49种,其中翼手目4科12属24种占比达49.0%,啮齿目3科8属13种占比26.5%,食肉目3科5属5种占比10.2%,鼩形目1科3属3种占比6.1%,其他4个目各1种,分别占比2.0%;发现1种广东省兽类新纪录,8种深圳市兽类新纪录。按景观生态以及生境情况,将深圳市划分为11个区域,通过相关性分析发现,不同区域兽类物种丰富度与其人口密度呈负相关,与植被条件以及距市区距离呈显著正相关,但是与生境斑块面积没有显著相关性;多元回归分析表明,植被条件为最主要的影响因素,且植被条件、距市区距离、人口密度三者间具有相关性。与此同时,对所调查到兽类的栖息生活类型、区系特征、濒危现状等进行了分析。     

川西三大干流水电开发影响区种子植物区系研究

在对川西雅砻江、大渡河和岷江三大干流水电开发影响区种子植物进行调查的基础上,对其区系特征进行了统计分析和比较研究,结果表明:(1)岷江和大渡河影响区裸子植物科、属、种数量多于雅砻江,被子植物属、种数量远少于雅砻江.(2)在科水平上均具有明显热带区系性质;在属水平上显示出热带和暖温带性质,雅砻江影响区热带属的比例高于温带属,岷江和大渡河则相反.(3)中国种子植物属15大分布区类型在岷江影响区均有分布,在雅砻江、大渡河各有1项没有出现.(4)大渡河和岷江影响区优势科属较雅砻江明显.(5)大渡河影响区属的系数"相对最低,区系丰富度较大.(6)岷江影响区特有属最多,雅砻江最少.(7)雅砻江和岷江影响区珍稀濒危及保护物种较大渡河多.     

Dihydroxylation of dehydroepiandrosterone in positions 7α and 15α by mycelial fungi

The ability of 485 fungal strains is studied for catalysis of the process of 7α, 15α-dihydroxylation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA, 3β-hydroxy-5-androstene-17-one), a key intermediate of the synthesis of physiologically active compounds. The ability for the formation of 3β, 7α, 15α-trihydroxy-5-androstene-17-one (7α, 15α-diOH-DHEA) was found for the first time for representatives of 12 genera, eight families, and six orders of ascomycetes, eight genera, four families, and one order of zygomycetes, one genus, one family, and one order of basidiomycetes, and four genera of mitosporic fungi. The most active strains are found among genera Acremonium, Gibberella, Fusarium, and Nigrospora. In the process of transformation of DHEA (2 g/l) by strains of Fusarium oxysporum VKM F-1600 and Gibberella zeae BKM F-2600, the molar yield was 63 and 68%, respectively. Application of the revealed active strains of microorganisms opens prospects for the efficient production of key intermediates of synthesis of modern medical preparations.     

Ultrastructure and taxonomy of Paraphysomonas (Chrysophyceae) and related genera 3

New observations are presented on the internal ultrastructure of the scale–bearing chrysophycean genera Chromophysomonas, Chrysosphaerella , the new genus Polylepidomonas and 15 species of Paraphysomonas. These data show that the pigmented genera Chromophysomonas, Chrysosphaerella and Polylepidomonas have a generally similar internal structure and that their taxonomic separation is based only on differences in scale structure. The structure of Paraphysomonas resembles that of these genera but the cells always possess a leucoplast rather than a chloroplast. In cell structure, the pigmented genera resemble the naked genus Ochromonas while Paraphysomonas resembles Spumella , the colourless counterpart of Ochromonas. Evaluation of the differences between these genera and the scale–bearing genera Mallomonas and Synura has led to the conclusion that Chromophysomonas, Chrysosphaerella, Polylepidomonas and Paraphysomonas should no longer be classified within the family Mallomonadaceae. The new family Paraphysomonadaceae is established to include Chrysophyceae with an Ochromonas type of cell structure but which also produce silica scales.     

Predominant Bacteria in an Activated Sludge Reactor for the Degradation of Cutting Fluids

For the first time, an activated sludge reactor, established for the degradation of cutting fluids, was examined for predominant bacteria. In addition, both total and viable numbers of bacteria in the reactor were determined so that the percentage of each predominant type in the total reactor population could be determined. Three samples were studied, and a total of 15 genera were detected. In each sample, the genus Pseudomonas and the genus Microcyclus were present in high numbers. Three other genera, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, and Corynebacterium, were also found in every sample but in lower numbers. In one sample, numerous appendaged bacteria were present, and one of these, the genus Seliberia, was the most predominant organism in that sample. However, in the other two samples no appendaged bacteria were detected. Six genera were found in this reactor which have not been previously reported in either cutting fluids in use or in other activated sludge systems. These genera were Aeromonas, Hyphomonas, Listeria, Microcyclus, Moraxella, and Spirosoma. None of the predominant bacteria belonged to groups of strict pathogens.     

A phylogenetic reappraisal of the Peltophorum group (Caesalpinieae: Leguminosae) based on the chloroplast trnL-F, rbcL and rps16 sequence data

The monophyly of the Peltophorum group, one of nine informal groups recognized by Polhill in the Caesalpinieae, was tested using sequence data from the trnL-F, rbcL, and rps16 regions of the chloroplast genome. Exemplars were included from all 16 genera of the Peltophorum group, and from 15 genera representing seven of the other eight informal groups in the tribe. The data were analyzed separately and in combined analyses using parsimony and Bayesian methods. The analysis method had little effect on the topology of well-supported relationships. The molecular data recovered a generally well-supported phylogeny with many intergeneric relationships resolved. Results show that the Peltophorum group as currently delimited is polyphyletic, but that eight genera plus one undescribed genus form a core Peltophorum group, which is referred to here as the Peltophorum group sensu stricto. These genera are Bussea, Conzattia, Colvillea, Delonix, Heteroflorum (inedit.), Lemuropisum, Parkinsonia, Peltophorum, and Schizolobium. The remaining eight genera of the Peltophorum group s.l. are distributed across the Caesalpinieae. Morphological support for the redelimited Peltophorum group and the other recovered clades was assessed, and no unique synapomorphy was found for the Peltophorum group s.s. A proposal for the reclassification of the Peltophorum group s.l. is presented.     

C<Subscript>3</Subscript> and C<Subscript>4</Subscript> photosynthetic pathways and life form types for native species from agro-forestry region,Northeastern China

Of the total 570 species, 194 species in 116 genera and 52 families were found with C₃ photosynthesis, 24 species in 17 genera and 6 families with C₄ photosynthesis, and 2 species in 1 genera and 1 family with CAM photosynthesis. 90 % of the total species can be found in Changbai Mountain flora, more a half (69 %) in North China flora, and about 1/3 in Mongolian flora and Xinan flora, respectively. The occurrence of C₄ species was not as common as that in adjacent grasslands and deserts, but relatively more than in the adjacent forests. Of the total 24 C₄ species, 63 % C₄ species (15 of 24) was found in Gramineae. Nine life form types can be found, reflecting the moist climate in the region, especially the occurrence of epiphyte and liana forms. Relatively more geophyte life form plants suggested the winter in the region was much colder than in grasslands. These indicated that both ecological studies and land management decisions must take into account plant photosynthetic pathway and life form patterns, for both of them are closely related to climatic changes and land use.     

Hypericin and pseudohypericin in some Hypericum species

Hypericin and pseudohypericin were found in 27 of the 36 evaluated species from Hypericum L., belonging to 17 sections of the genus. Pseudohypericin is reported by us in 15 taxa for the first time. Most of the species contained both components and the amount of pseudohypericin usually exceeded that of hypericin. In H. hirsutum and H. empetrifolium only hypericin was found, whereas H. formosissimum yielded pseudohypericin only. The total content of hypericins varied widely from 0.009% in H. empetrifolium to 0.512% in H. boissieri and the largest amounts were established in taxa of sections Drosocarpium, Hypericum and Thasia. The distribution of hypericin and pseudohypericin in Hypericum species has an important taxonomic value for infrageneric classification of the genus. These components were not found in the primitive sections Ascyreia, Androsaemum, Inodora, Roscyna, Bupleuroides and Spachium but occur widely in Hypericum, Adenosepalum and the sections from Olympia group. Although the genera of subfamily Hypericoideae are characterized by the presence of anthrone derivatives, condensed anthrones such as hypericin and pseudohypericin have not been found in these genera and the remaining subfamilies of the Guttiferae.     

四川新龙晚三叠世植物

本文报道四川省新龙地区晚三叠世植物(包括英珠娘阿组及喇嘛垭组)29属48种。在这植物群中,真蕨植物占优势(8属15种),其中又以扇蕨科,合囊蕨科和紫萁科植物占显要地位,苏铁类植物次之,银杏类和松柏类植物比较丰富,种子蕨类植物出现了叉羽叶和鳞羊齿等。其组合特征与云南一平浪组、四川须家河组植物群,湘赣地区,箐河以及藏东地区晚三叠世中晚期植物群极为相似。与日本成羽,越南东京和东格陵兰等地晚三叠世植物群也比较接近,所属地质时代大致相当,应属于三叠世考依卜中——晚期。指示的气候属热带——亚热带。     

乌江河岸带维管植物区系的初步研究

对乌江河岸带维管植物区系的研究结果表明,河岸带共有维管植物69科187属302种,其中蕨类植物9科10属16种,裸子植物1科1属1种,被子植物59科176属285种。生活型以草本为主,其次是灌木。科、属、种的分布区类型多样,在科级水平上有7个类型和4个变型,在属级水平上有13个类型和10个变型,在种级水平上有15个类型和13个变型。地理联系较为广泛,与北温带植物区系联系最为紧密,其次是泛热带植物区系和东亚植物区系。科、属的优势现象较为明显。该河岸带植物区系呈亚热带性质,与热带植物区系有较高的亲缘关系。