江西玉山上奥陶统凯迪阶三衢山组的丛花海绵(Corymbospongia)*

串管海绵在中–晚奥陶世经历了的首次辐射演化事件, 在北美、新南威尔士、哈萨克斯坦、西伯利亚和中国西北等地的上奥陶统地层中皆有报道, 但研究程度较低。本文系华南奥陶系串管海绵首次系统古生物学的报道, 详细描述江西玉山上奥陶统凯迪阶三衢山组的Corymbospongia (丛花海绵属)化石, 并基于C. amplia Rigby, Karl, Blodgett & Baichtal, 2005和C. mica Rigby & Potter, 1986的标本展示该属化石外壁的微孔等特征性结构, 这2个种具有跨板块的生物地理分布。综合串管海绵产出层的碳酸盐岩微相以及伴生钙藻和珊瑚化石等群落分子的指相参照, 识别C. amplia和C. mica均具有明显的生态专属性: C. amplia为造礁生物, 在小型微生物岩中出现; C. mica则代表适应于更浅水生境的平地群落代表。本研究将为从底栖生物群落角度开展扬子区生物地层学及古地理重建提供进一步的依据。     

塔里木中央隆起区上奥陶统的牙形刺

塔里木板块中央隆起区的上奥陶统,即巴楚露头剖面吐木休克组和良里塔格组以及塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中油田井下良里塔格组皆为灰岩相.作者对前人报道的牙形刺带作了修改,首次系统描述牙形刺动物群全貌,共计14属21种.在曾归入Pygodus serra带和P.anserinus带的吐木休克组底部和下部发现Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis,故应改为Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis带;吐木休克组中部因发现Baltoniodus alobatus和B.variabilis共生,应属B.alobatus带.在Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis带和Baltoniodus alobatus带之间尚未发现可靠的B.variabilis,因此是否存在B.variabilis带尚存疑问.巴楚露头区上奥陶统的牙形刺序列由下而上应为Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis带,Baltoniodus variabilis带?,B.alobatus带和Belodina confluens带.塔中的良里塔格组则可识别出B.confluens带和Yaoxianognathus yaoxianensis带.将中央隆起区牙形刺动物群组合与其相邻的柯坪地块进行对比,说明晚奥陶世因两个地理区水深的差异导致牙形刺带完整性的差异.     

新疆柯坪和甘肃平凉上奥陶统底部附近的牙形刺

新疆柯坪大湾沟和甘肃平凉官司庄剖面是Nemagraptusb gracilis带及上奥陶统底界的重要剖面,研究这两剖面的牙形刺具有十分重要的意义。本文描述了采自新疆柯坪大湾沟和甘肃平凉官司庄剖面上奥陶统底界附近的牙形刺共13属18种。     

Early Cretaceous Palynofloras from Tarim Basin,Xinjiang

One hundred and eight species of fossil spores and pollen referred to 55 genera found from the Lower Cretaceous Kapushaliang (Kizilsu) Group in the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang have been studied in this paper. The Kapushaliang Group may be divided into the Yageliemu Formation, the Shushanhe Formation and Baxigai Formation in ascending order. The Yageliemu palynoflora is characterized by the predominance of gymnospermous pollen, the relative abundance of pteridophytic spores and the absence of angiospermous pollen. Coniferae is dominant, while Lygodiaceae and Schizaeaceae are important in the flora. The most common species of palynomorphs are Todisporites minor, Cicatricosisporites dorogensis, C. australiensis, Lygodiumsporites subsimplex, Schizaeoisporites cretacius, S. zizyphinus, S. certus. Cibotiumspora paradoxa, Cyathidites australis, C. minor, Biretisporites potoniael, Cycadopites minimus, Pseudowalchia hiangulina, Parvisaccites radiatus, Podocarpidites multesimus, P. canadensis, Alisporites bilateralis, Cedripites cretaceus, C. canadenris, Abietineaepollenites microalatus, Clarsopollis classoides, C annulatus, C. xinjiangensis (sp. nov.), Ephedripites multicostatus, E. tarimensis (sp. nov.), etc . The palynoflora is comparable with those of the lower part of the Lower Xinminbu Formation in northwestern China and the lower part of the Lower Mannville Formation in western Canada, which is considered corresponding from Berriasian to Valanginian in age. The Shushanhe palynoflora is also characterized by dominance of gymnosperms and subdominance of pteridophyta. Some primitive angiospermons pollen grains are found in the upper part of the formation. In addition to the most common species of the above mentioned palynoflora, the important species in the present palynoflora comprise Cicatricosisporites potomacensis, C. orbiculatus, C. subrotundus, Concavissimisporites punctatus, C. verrucosus, C. globosus, lmpardecispora apiverrucata, Trilobosporites crassus, T. trioreticulosus, Pilosisporites verus, P. trichopapillosus, Klukisporites pseudoreticulatus, Verrucosisporites obscurilaesuratur, Converrucosisporites saskatchewanensis, Foraminisporis wonthaggiensis, Cingulatisporites valdensis, C. ruginosus, Jiaohepollis verus, Pityosporites constrictus, etc. More than 40 in dicative species of Early Cretaceous occur in the assemblage. The palynoflora compares clcsely with those of the middle part of the Lower Xinminbu Formation and the Quartz Sand Member of the Lower Mannville Formatton. It is suggested that the Shushanhe Formation should belong to Hauterivian of Barremian in age. The Baxigai palynoflora is basically similar to the Shushanhe palynoflora. But the palynoflora shows an obvious increase in abundance of lygodiaceous spores and angiospermous pollen accompanied by a great reduction of Classopollis and Ephedripltes. Most of the Early Cretaceous species occurring in the above mentioned palynofloras are present. In addition, some Cretaceous species recorded from Aptian and Albian Stages in Europe, North America and Australia, such as Trilobosporites tribotrys, T. trioreticulosus, Coptospora paradoxa, Camarozonosporites insignis, Crybelosporites punctatus, etc., appear in the assemblage. In comparison with the microfloras of the upper part of the Lower Xinminbu Formation, the Upper Mannville Formation and the lower part of the Lower Colorado Group, the Baxigai Forma- tion should be referred to Aptian to Albian in age. Judging from the palynofloras, the early Cretaceous palaeoclimate in the basin should belong to the arid or semi-arid type of the subtropic zone. However, from Barremtan through Albian the climatic conditions might appear relatively wet.     

Late Cretaceous gastropod dominated communities of the Western Tarim Basin, Southern Xinjiang, China

Late Cretaceous strata of the Western Tarim Basin, Southern Xinjiang, China are divided into the Kukebai, Wuyitake. Yigeziya and Tuyilouk Formations. The gastropod faunas can be arranged into six communities corresponding to broad depositional environments. Two communities commonly occur in the nearshore shoal environments: the Vernedia pusillina Community from the Lower Member of the Kukebai Formation and the Trochactaeon (Neocylindrites)-Actaeonella Community from the Lower Member of the Yigeziya Formation. Three communities occur in the shelf environments: these are the Helicaulax and Ascensovoluta-Gyrodes Communities of the lower and upper parts of the Upper Member of the Kukebai Formation respectively and the Ampullina-Cantharus Community of the Middle-Upper Member of the Yigeziya Formation. A hypersaline environment is indicated by the Haustator-Corbula Community from the Middle Member of the Kukebai Formation.     

Ordovician Calcified Algae and Cyanobacteria, Northern Tarim Basin Subsurface, China

Boreholes between Kuqa and Korla, in the northern Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, penetrated Ordovician marine limestones at depths of 5–6.2km. From three boreholes 54 out of a total of 170 limestone samples contain calcified algae, cyanobacteria and associated Microproblematica. Calcified cyanobacteria (GirvanellaBotomaella, ?Subtifloria) account for 37 per cent of occurrences; green algae (Dasyporelleae and Vermiporella) 28 per cent; Microproblematica (NuiaBevocastriaRothpletzellaHalysis) 20 per cent; and ‘solenoporaceans’ 15 per cent GirvanellaNuia are common in the Early Ordovician deposits, and ‘solenoporaceans’ are abundant in the Mid‐Ordovician. Dasyporelleae and Vermiporella are most abundant in Mid–Late Ordovician samples. Calcified cyanobacteria are common throughout the limestone succession, but particularly in the Mid Ordovician part. MoniliporellaContextaPlexaTexturata, and Villosoporella, hitherto placed in the supposed red algal family Moniliporellaceae Gnilovskaya, are here regarded as dasycladalean green algae. Despite some omissions, this Tarim flora broadly resembles others from Kazakhstan, Baltica and North America, indicating the generally cosmopolitan nature of Ordovician calcified algae and cyanobacteria.     

新疆吐鲁番盆地桃树园晚二叠世非海相腹足类

提要新疆吐鲁番盆地桃树园地区晚二叠世地层称作下仓房沟群,自下而上分为泉子街组、梧桐沟组和锅底坑组,为河–湖相碎屑沉积,剖面连续,层序清楚,动、植物化石丰富。文中研究的腹足类标本产于桃东沟剖面梧桐沟组下部和中部的介壳灰岩层和灰岩透镜体中,见有2层,计有2科4属6种:Xinjiangospira rotundata Yu et Zhu,Xinjiangospira habita sp.nov.、Hydrobia turpanensis Wei、Hydrobia orientalis sp.nov.、Pseudamnicola taodonggouensis sp.nov.和Valvata complanusa sp.nov.;与腹足类共生的有双壳类、叶肢介、介形类,以及植物和脊椎动物化石等,其中双壳类主要是Palaeanodonta,Palaeomutela和Anthraconauta等属。该腹足动物群由Hydrobiidae和Valvatidae的属种组成,标本数量多,壳体小,保存完好,是迄今已知属种最丰富的古生代淡水腹足类动物群。当前梧桐沟组腹足动物群面貌与准噶尔盆地大龙口剖面小龙口组...     

Discovery of a Late Ordovician Foliomena fauna in the Tarim desert,Northwest China

A Foliomena fauna is reported for the first time from the Tarim paleoplate, and stratigraphically from the Yinpingshan Formation (upper Katian, Upper Ordovician) of Querqueke, Kuruktag region, northeastern Tarim, southern Xinjiang, Northwest China. The fauna includes seven species of brachiopods, amongst which three are new and four indeterminate: Anomaloglossa? sp., Orbiculoidea? sp., Foliomena xinjiangensis n. sp., Sericoidea minuta n. sp., Kassinella tarimensis n. sp., Rostricellula? sp., and Anazyga? sp. These species formed a Sericoidea-Kassinella Association, characterized by very small and well-preserved brachiopods, and well-developed laminations in its hosted mudstone, indicating a deep water environment (corresponding to lower BA5 to BA6). The faunal and sedimentological features suggest its affinity to the typical Foliomena faunal group of deep water origin. Numerical analyses show that the Foliomena fauna in late Katian time differentiated into two major paleogeographically related groups, and the Tarim association has a close faunal affinity to the representatives of this fauna in South China, indicating an active faunal exchange between Tarim and South China before the end-Ordovician mass extinction.     

塔里木盆地塔中台地上奥陶统海百合茎化石及其古生态*

聂拉木是西藏南部志留纪含笔石地层(石器坡组)的主要产地。近期在该地亚来村新发现一批笔石标本, 包括Normalograptus sp.、Glyptograptus sp.、Campograptus lobiferus、C. cf. lobiferus、C. cf. obtusus、C.? circularis、Lituigraptus cf. convolutus、Rastrites cf. perfectus、Stimulograptus sedgwickii、Streptograptus sp.和Torquigraptus decipiens。该组合面貌确定其属于志留系兰多维列统埃隆阶上部Lituigraptus convolutus带至Stimulograptus sedgwickii带。这一新材料的发现, 使西藏南部的志留纪地层得以作全球对比。     

皖北地区寒武系芙蓉统炒米店组中上部的索克虫类三叶虫*

塔里木盆地塔中台地奥陶系海百合茎化石丰富。本文通过研究塔中35井上奥陶统良里塔格组和桑塔木组岩芯中的海百合与其共生生物的关系, 讨论了海百合化石的古生态。在塔中35井上奥陶统取芯中识别出7种海百合茎类型: 圆圆茎、星星茎、星圆茎、椭圆圆茎、星椭圆茎、圆角星星茎和不规则星茎, 根据茎板形态划分为五射茎板组(Pentameri)、椭圆茎板组(Elliptici)、圆茎板组(Cyclici)、特殊茎板组(Varii)四种组合类型; 统计了海百合茎化石各种切面的大小和百分含量; 结合岩性分析了每段地层的沉积环境。研究发现, 在局限泻湖环境下, 蓝细菌–四分珊瑚为主的生物组合中不见海百合化石碎片; 仅见腹足类和介壳类化石的细砂屑滩中, 偶见细小的海百合茎化石; 在开阔海环境中, 海百合广泛与苔藓虫、管孔藻、粗枝藻等共生。在海百合–苔藓虫组合中, 海百合茎板的类型最丰富多样, 五射茎板组、椭圆茎板组、圆茎板组、特殊茎板组等四种茎板组合类型都存在; 在管孔藻–海百合组合中, 海百合茎板主要为圆茎板类型, 粗大、密集, 海百合茎碎片含量最高; 在海百合–粗枝藻组合中, 海百合茎板的数量减少、大小变小, 但茎板的类型比较丰富, 四种茎板组合类型都有。由此认为, 塔中台地上奥陶统沉积期, 海百合生长的首选环境为开阔台地, 并受水动力能量和水体清洁度控制: 水动力能量高, 水体清洁, 海百合繁盛; 水动力能量低, 水体动荡浑浊, 海百合可以生存; 水动力能量低、较为动荡、微生物席发育的环境, 不利于海百合生存。