短角瓢虫属Novius Mulsant的研究(鞘翅目:瓢虫科:短角瓢虫族)

短角瓢虫属Novius Mulsant,1846(=Rodolia Mulsant,1850)瓢虫在害虫生物防治中扮演着重要的角色,尤其在绵蚧科害虫的防控方面,具有重要的研究价值和经济意义.一些种类如澳洲短角瓢虫Novius cardinalis(Mulsant,1850)从澳大利亚引进到美国加利福尼亚防治柑橘吹棉蚧I...     

中国小毛瓢虫二新种记述(鞘翅目：瓢虫科)

中国小毛瓢虫二新种记述（鞘翅目：瓢虫科）任顺祥,庞雄飞（华南农业大学昆虫生态室广州５１０６４２）本文描述采自贵州和四川的小毛瓢虫属ＳｃｙｍｎｕｓＫｕｇｅｌａｎｎ小毛瓢虫亚属Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ）Ｋｕｇｅｌａｎｎ二新种。模式标本保存于华南农业...     

27种瓢虫mtDNA-COI基因序列分析及系统发育研究(鞘翅目:瓢虫科)

将自测的瓢虫科4亚科16种和从GenBank中检索到相关物种的mtDNA-COI基因编码区序列片断进行同源性比较,计算核苷酸使用频率,并构建分子系统树。在获得的471bp序列中,共有227个变异位点,195个简约信息位点,A T约占66.7%,转换发生比颠换更频繁。分子系统树表明:同种和同属的瓢虫均以较高置信值聚在一起,4个亚科都能恢复为单系;食植瓢虫亚科从系统树的基部最早分出,是瓢虫科最为原始的类群,小毛瓢虫亚科和盔唇瓢虫亚科首先聚为一支,显示二者具有较近的亲缘关系,然后再与瓢虫亚科相聚,食植瓢虫亚科的食植瓢虫属和裂臀瓢虫属均不是单系群。     

中国小基瓢虫属Diomus研究（鞘翅目：瓢虫科）

本文回顾了小基瓢虫属Ｄｉｏｍｕｓ分类研究的历史沿革以及中国该属的研究简况,描述了小基瓢虫的分布情况及鉴别特征。对保存于华南农业大学、中国农业大学、中国科学院动物研究所、德国慕尼黑动物博物馆的一些标本及作者近年来采集的标本进行了研究,共鉴定出我国小基瓢虫属昆虫３种,其中包括２新种,即产于河北的长叶基瓢虫Ｄ．ｌｏｎｇｉｌｏｂｕｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和产于广东的膨囊基瓢虫Ｄ．ｔｕｍｅｆａｃｔｕｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,给出了种类检索表,每种都附以详细的特征图。新种模式标本存北京市农林科学院植保环保研究所     

广西小毛瓢虫四新种记述(鞘翅目:瓢虫科)

本文描述采自广西壮族自治区小毛瓢虫属(Scymnus Kugelann)的四新种,均隶属于小瓢虫亚属Scymnus(Pullus)Mulsant。其中包括刺端小瓢虫Scymnus(Pullus)cnidatus sp. nov.,弯端小瓢虫Scymnus(Pullus)accamptus sp. nov.,紫背小瓢虫Scymnus(Pullus)notus sp. nov.,黄胸小瓢虫Scymnus(Pullus)xanthostethus sp.nox.。模式标本保存于华南农业大学昆虫标本室。     

湖南小毛瓢虫属三新记述：鞘翅目：瓢虫科

本文记述小毛瓢虫属ＳｃｙｍｎｕｓＫｕｇｅｌａｎｎ小瓢虫亚属Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ）Ｍｕｌｓａｎｔ三新种：枝角小瓢虫Ｓｓｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ）ｃｌａｄｏｃｅｒｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,鞭丝小瓢虫Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ）ｍａｓｔｉｇｏｉｄｅｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,肾斑小瓢虫Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ）ｎｅｐｈｒｏｓｐｉｕｌｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

方突毛瓢虫属一新种记述(鞘翅目：瓢虫科)

方突毛瓢虫属Pseudoscymnus Chapin隶属于小毛瓢虫族Scymnini,本属的主要特征为触角9节,第1,2节宽大,其余7节紧密连接成纺锤形的短棒;前胸腹板纵隆线明显,围成近于方形的纵隆区,前胸腹板侧叶于基节窝前甚狭窄;跗节3节。 本属国内分布记录有陕西,福建,台湾,广东,广西,云南。国外分布于日本、密克罗尼     

广东小毛瓢虫三新种记述：鞘翅目：瓢虫科

广东车八岭国家级自然保护区位于粤北,是南亚热带向中亚热带过渡地带,瓢虫资源相当丰富,目前已知82种。本文描述的是其中的3个新种,模式标本保存于华南农业大学昆虫标本室。     

云南长崎齿瓢虫一新种：鞘翅目：瓢虫科

长崎齿瓢虫属Afissula Kapur自1955年建属以来,经各国学者不断发现及重新组合,迄今已报导13种。云南省以往没有这个属的记载,曹诚一等(1984)在整理云南省森林病虫普查标本时,发现沧源县有环管崎齿瓢虫Afissula kambaitana(Bielawski)的新分布,在瑞丽县发现了匙管畸齿瓢虫A.spatulata Cao et Xiao。1988年作者之一王红在云南永德县采到长崎齿瓢虫属昆虫6头,经鉴定为1新种,现记述如下。模式标本保存于西南林学院森保研究室。     

Intra versus interspecific interactions of ladybeetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) attacking aphids

Summary The nature and relative strengths of intra versus interspecific interactions among foraging ladybeetle larvae were studied experimentally by measuring short-term growth rates of predators and reductions in population sizes of prey in laboratory microcosms. In these microcosms, ladybeetle larvae foraged singly or as conspecific or heterospecific pairs, for pea aphids on bean plants over a two-day period. Similarly sized third instar larvae ofHippodamia convergens andH. tredecimpunctata, H. convergens andH. sinuata, andH. convergens andCoccinella septempunctata, were tested in experiments designed to ensure that paired larvae experienced moderate competition. Interspecific competition in these experiments did not differ significantly from intraspecific competition, in that an individual's weight gain did not depend on whether its competitor was heterospecific or conspecific. Furthermore, aphid populations were reduced equally by heterospecific and conspecific pairs. These results suggest that there is little or no difference between intra and interspecific interactions among larvae of these ladybeetles when two similarly sized individuals co-occur on a host plant. Thus, the species diversityper se of assemblages of ladybeetle larvae may have little influence over the short term on the reduction of aphid populations by ladybeetle predation.     

纺足目昆虫研究进展

纺足目昆虫又被称为足丝蚁,因为其具有独特的纺丝习性而被人所熟知;纺足目是昆虫纲中一个较小的类群,目前只有400余种被描述。本文简述了足丝蚁的形态特征和生物学特性;回顾了足丝蚁现生类群与化石研究历史及进展,概述了近年来足丝蚁的系统发育学研究进展,并提出研究该类群有待解决的问题,展望了纺足目未来的研究方向。     

Mandible Form Relative to the Main Food Type in Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

The Coccinellidae is an economically important family within the Coleoptera. Some members are phytophagous pests, but many are beneficial predators and valuable biocontrol agents. This study investigates the morphology of the mandibles of adult Coccinellidae in relation to diet. Using scanning electron microscopy on 86 species of Coccinellidae, it was found that the morphology of the mandibles was dictated by the general feeding method, and could only be used to indicate a phytophagous, mycophagous or carnivorous diet. Phytophagous Coccinellidae of the subfamily Epilachninae had mandibles with denticulate apical teeth and setae for feeding on leaf material. The mandibles of the mycophagous Psylloborini had secondary teeth on the ventral apical tooth for collecting fungal spores. The mandibles of carnivorous Coccinellidae and Scymninae had either a bifid or unidentate apex. The unidentate mandible seemed to be restricted to coccidophagous species. Many species also had a mandibular groove along which prey body juices were conducted. Although mandible morphology could be related to the overall feeding method, there was no relationship between specific diet or food taxon and mandible shape. Mandible shape does not appear to be especially restricting for changes in diet either in the ecological sense or over evolutionary time. Mandible morphology is of limited use in determining diet and host specificity in Coccinellidae that are being selected as potential biocontrol agents.     

Ovipositional Rhythmicity in Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): A Laboratory Study

Complete and diel ovipositional rhythms have been observed in three aphidophagous ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, Coccinella transversalis Fabricius and Propylea dissecta (Mulsant) for the first time. The complete ovipositional rhythm could be described in terms of a polynomial curve and daily fluctuations in all three species. In the diel cycle, all three ladybird species oviposited significantly in the scotophase. C. septempunctata females preferred to oviposit at the end of scotophase in the early morning hours (0300-0700), P. dissecta laid most eggs in the middle of scotophase during the night (2100-2300), and C. transversalis laid most at the beginning of the scotophase at dusk (1700-1900). While the diel ovipositional rhythm of C. septempunctata and P. dissecta did not differ between days, that of C. transversalis changed dramatically; there was a single peak on the first and second day of observation, and four oviposition peaks on the fifth day with the peaks being situated in the two hours preceding and succeeding the onset and end of the scotophase. Diel rhythms of C. septempunctata and P. dissecta appear to be endogenous in nature while that of C. transversalis is partly modified by exogenous factors.     

Review Phoresy by Hemisarcoptes (Acari: Hemisarcoptidae) on Chilocorus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): influence of subelytral ultrastructure

The non-phoretic stages of mites of the genus Hemisarcoptes are predators of the family Diaspididae. The heteromorphic deutonymph (hypopus) maintains a stenoxenic relationship with beetles of the genus Chilocorus. The mites attach to the subelytral surface of the beetle elytron during transport. There is variation in mite density among species of Chilocorus. Both Hemisarcoptes and Chilocorus have been applied to biological control programmes around the world. The objective of this study was to determine whether subelytral ultrastructure (spine density) plays a role in the evolution of symbiosis between the mite and the beetle. The subelytral surfaces of 19 species of Chilocorus and 16 species of Exochomus were examined. Spine density was determined for five subelytral zones: the anterior pronotal margin, medial central region, caudoventral tip, lateral distal margin and epipleural region. Spine density on the subelytral surface of Chilocorus and Exochomus was inversely correlated with the size of the elytron for all zones except the caudoventral tip. This suggests that an increase in body size resulted in a redistribution of spines and not an addition of spines. The pattern of spine density in Exochomus and Chilocorus follows a single size–density trajectory. The pattern of subelytral ultrastructure is not strictly consistent with either beetle phylogeny or beetle allometry. The absence of spines is not correlated with either beetle genus or size and species of either Chilocorus or Exochomus may be devoid of spines in any zone, irrespective of body size. A general difference between species of Chilocorus and Exochomus is the fact that while spine density in Chilocorus is clinal relative to the size gradient, Exochomus is dichotomous and likely to have either many spines or no spines in a particular zone. No species of Chilocorus was completely devoid of spines. Five species of Exochomus had no spines at all, thus making it difficult to interpret the primary function of the subelytral spines in a general way. Within the genus Chilocorus, spine density may play a synergistic role in host association. Based on morphological evidence alone, these findings lead to the hypothesis that the species of Chilocorus that would be most conducive to biological control application in conjunction with Hemisarcoptes would be Chilocorus cacti, Chilocorus distigma, Chilocorus fraternus, Chilocorus orbus, Chilocorus tristis and, to a lesser extent, Chilocorus bipustulatus. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998     

基于12S,16S和28S rRNA基因序列的中国小毛瓢虫属系统发育分析

【目的】小毛瓢虫属Scymnus Kugelann昆虫主要捕食蚜虫、蚧虫等害虫,是一类经济上重要的天敌昆虫。目前针对小毛瓢虫属的系统发育研究尚属空白,亚属之间的系统演化关系尚不明确,为了建立合理的分类系统,亟需对小毛瓢虫属的亲缘关系进行研究和探讨。【方法】以华南农业大学馆藏的小毛瓢虫属5亚属共44种为研究对象,采用PCR技术对12S, 16S和28S rRNA基因的部分序列进行扩增;运用MEGA 7.0分析了小毛瓢虫属内12S, 16S和28S rRNA基因的碱基组成,基于K2P模型计算了小毛瓢虫属44种的种间遗传距离;采用最大似然法(maximum-likelihood, ML)和贝叶斯推断法(Bayesian-inference, BI)构建该属的系统发育树。【结果】扩增获得小毛瓢虫属44种的12S rRNA基因序列平均长度为356 bp, 16S rRNA基因序列平均长度为351 bp, 28S rRNA基因序列平均长度为315 bp;序列分析表明,12S rRNA基因的A, T, G和C平均含量分别为38.8%, 43.5%, 11.9%和5.8%, 16S rRNA基因的A, T, G和C平均含量分别为37.6%, 40.3%, 14.4%和7.7%, 28S rRNA基因的A, T, G和C平均含量分别为26.7%, 18.3%, 31.4%和23.5%;基于联合序列分析的种间遗传距离为0.004～0.276,平均遗传距离为0.115。系统发育分析结果表明,小毛瓢虫属为单系起源,而小毛瓢虫亚属Scymnus(Scymnus) Kugelann、毛瓢虫亚属Scymnus(Neopullus) Sasaji、小瓢虫亚属Scymnus(Pullus) Mulsant和拟小瓢虫亚属Scymnus(Parapullus) Yang均为并系起源。【结论】基于12S, 16S和28S rRNA基因序列的小毛瓢虫属系统发育分析显示传统的形态学分类体系与基于分子数据分析的结果部分不一致,这表明应该对该属内各亚属的鉴别特征进行全面检视,筛选并确立各亚属的形态指标,同时也表明该属内的亚属分类单元需重新厘定。     

云南丽江地区华山松上瓢虫种类记述(鞘翅目:瓢虫科)

本文记述的１８种瓢虫采自云南丽江的华山松上,其上有球蚜（Ｐｉｎｅｕｓｓｐ．） 寄生。包括１个新种——华山松小瓢虫Ｓｃｙｍ ｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ） ｈｕａｓｈａｎｓｏｎｇ, ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ． 和１个中国新记录种——团聚丽瓢虫Ａｄａｌｉａ ｃｏｎｇｌｏｍｅｒａｔａ （Ｌ．）, ３种鉴定到属或亚属。其中的１４种瓢虫同时采自铁杉,其上有铁杉球蚜（Ａｄｅｌｇｅｓ ｔｓｕｇａｅ）寄生。新种华山松小瓢虫Ｓｃｙｍ ｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ） ｈｕａｓｈａｎｓｏｎｇ （图１）体长２．６５ｍ ｍ ,体宽１．８０ｍ ｍ 。头黑色,口器及触角红褐色;前胸背板黑色;小盾片黑色;鞘翅红褐色。从头、前胸背板和小盾片黑色而鞘翅红褐色,该种易与它种区分;而从外生殖器而言,它与弯端小瓢虫Ｓ． （Ｐ．） ａｃｃａｍｐｔｕｓ Ｐａｎｇ ｅｔＰｕ 相似,但新种阳基较纤细,第１腹板上的后基线弯曲度大拱形明显而区分。新种模式标本１９９７年９月２４日虞国跃采于云南丽江文笔山,存北京市农林科学院植保环保研究所。