浙江和河北发生的一种水稻、小麦、玉米矮缩病是水稻黑条矮缩病毒引起的

以浙江省的水稻黑条矮缩病和河北省的玉米粗缩病的病毒分离物为材料,对我国南北方两种病毒分离物进行了比较研究.两种病毒分离物的粒子大小形态相似,且在血清学上密切相关;二者的介体、寄主相同,并引起相同的症状.提纯两种病毒分离物的基因组片段凝胶电泳显示它们相应的基因组片段之间大小极其相似.根据水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Rice black streaked dwarf     

浙江和河北发生的一种水稻、小麦、玉米矮缩病是水稻黑条矮缩病毒引起的

以浙江省的水稻黑条矮缩病和河北省的玉米粗缩病的病毒分离物为材料,对我国南北方两种病毒分离物进行了比较研究。两种病毒分离物的粒子大小形态相似,且在血清学上密切相关;二者的介体、寄主相同,并引起相同的症状,提纯两种病毒分离物的基因组片段凝胶电泳显示它们相应的基因组片段之间大小极相似。根据水稻黑条矮缩病毒（Rice black strecaked dwarf virus),RBSDV的S7和S8设计引物,利用PR－PCR技术,在两种病毒分离物中均可特异扩增到预期大小的片段,序列测定比较分析表明：它们的同源性达97．0％－98．9％,与日本RBSDV的同源性（92．2％－95．5％）高于与意大利MRDV的同源性（76．6％－88．4％）。从而认为我国南方的水稻黑条矮缩病和北方和玉米粗缩病都是同一种病毒－RBSDV引起的,也就是说我国北方的玉米粗缩病病原实际上是水稻黑条矮缩病毒,而不玉米粗缩病毒。     

水稻齿叶矮缩病毒S8基因编码的结构蛋白质及其自聚集性质

水稻齿叶矮缩病毒是一种以水稻为侵害寄主的植物呼肠孤病毒 ,其基因组 1 0条dsRNA编码的蛋白质产物的功能除S9外的大部分还未阐明。报道了该病毒菲律宾分离株S8的开放阅读框序列 ,在大肠杆菌中表达和纯化出了其 6 7kD的蛋白质产物 ,并进一步研究了该产物的功能。实验结果表明 ,S8的蛋白质产物是病毒的一种主要结构蛋白质 ,在体外具有自剪切活性和自聚集性质 ,并推测可能是病毒的内层衣壳蛋白     

水稻瘤矮病毒P8蛋白的结构分析及其表达

为揭示水稻瘤矮病毒(RGDV)外层衣壳蛋白P8的结构特点及其在大肠杆菌中的表达特性。利用生物学软件和在线分析工具,对RGDV P8蛋白结构特征进行了生物信息学分析;同时将通过RT-PCR扩增的P8基因克隆到pGEX-4T-1上,构建pGP8转化大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下表达。利用表达的融合蛋白免疫家兔,制备了抗血清,并以RGDV、水稻矮缩病毒(RDV)、水稻条纹病毒（RSV）、水稻锯齿叶矮缩病毒(RRSV)4种病毒作为供试材料进行特异性检测。分析显示P8蛋白在C端位置有一个典型的跨膜螺旋区,整个蛋白也具有Phytoreo P8家族共有的典型结构域Phytoreo P8 domain。SDSPAGE和蛋白印记分析表明,RGDV P8融合蛋白分子量约为73kDa,以包涵体的形式获得了高效表达。获得的效价高、特异性强的抗血清,为水稻瘤矮病毒的快速检测及P8蛋白的功能研究奠定了基础。     

水稻矮缩病毒昆明分离物抗血清制备及免疫捕捉PCR检测

由水稻矮缩病毒(Rice dwarf virus,RDV)引起的水稻矮缩病害,最早由日本报道,随后在东南亚等国以及我国的福建、云南等南方稻区普遍发生,云南主要发生于中部及南部地区[1]。水稻在苗期至分蘖期感病后,植株矮缩,分蘖增多,叶片浓绿,僵直,出现白斑,生长后期病稻不能抽穗结实,在暴发流行年份可以引起水稻的严重减产。RDV在分类上属于呼肠孤病毒科(Reoviridae)植物呼肠孤病毒属(Phytoreovirus)成员,病毒粒子为正十二面体球形结构,直径约为69.3nm,无刺突,无脂蛋白外膜包被,具有双层的蛋白衣壳[2]。病毒基因组由12条双链RNA片段组成,其中S8编…     

南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒快速检测

南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒(southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus,SRBSDV)引起的新水稻矮缩病近年在越南北部和我国南方各省爆发,准确快速地检测病毒是病害预测的关键。本文针对该病毒的S10序列设计了一对新的引物S10F/S10R,利用一步法RT-PCR,对2010年5~8月间湖南省下属各县送来的疑似感染该病毒引起的水稻矮缩病样本进行了检测,结果显示,新引物能有效地区分阳性样品和非阳性样品。同时对PCR产物进行了序列测定,结果表明序列均与已发表的南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒序列(登录号:EU523360和EU784840)达约99%的同源性。还在此基础上构建了系统发育树,发现SRBSDV湖南、广东和海南分离物病毒位于一个相对独立的分支。研究发现相对以往的巢式RT-PCR,本文采用的新引物及一步法RT-PCR能快速检测南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒,简化了操作步骤,缩短了检测时间,适合在SRBSDV检测和病害预测中应用。     

水稻齿叶矮缩病毒双链RNA的体外翻译

水稻齿叶矮缩病毒(Rice Ragged Stunt Virus,以下简称RRSV)的基因组双链RNA经羟甲基汞变性处理后,能在兔网状红细胞体外翻译体系中有效地指导蛋白质生物合成。利用该病毒的抗血清免疫沉淀体外翻译产物,结合SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,证明RRSV基因组RNA体外翻译的主要产物有十种左右,其中八种能被该病毒抗血清专一沉淀。用纯化的水稻齿叶矮缩病毒直接作蛋白质电泳分析,证明上述八种体外翻译产物与该病毒结构蛋白的分子量相当。Schiff试剂染色实验未能检测出糖蛋白。     

抗黑条矮缩病水稻品种资源的筛选与鉴定

近年来,水稻黑条矮缩病严重影响我国水稻生产,培育高抗黑条矮缩病的水稻新品种迫在眉睫。获得抗性好的水稻资源是育种的基础。本研究通过对保存的2000份水稻地方品种连续2年设置2个试验点的黑条矮缩病抗性鉴定,初步筛选出连续2年没有发病的资源38份。对这38份中农艺性状较好的6份粳稻资源进行人工室内接虫鉴定,获得高抗水稻黑条矮缩病的水稻资源1份。与感病对照相比,水稻黑条矮缩病毒（Rice black-streaked dwarf virus, RBSDV）在抗病品种体内的表达量下降71.5倍,表明抗病品种对RBSDV在体内的复制有明显的抑制作用。本研究为水稻黑条矮缩病抗病育种和抗性基因的定位、克隆奠定了材料基础。     

江苏水稻黑条矮缩病毒S10的cDNA克隆序列分析

从来自江苏连云港并在本实验室保存的水稻黑条矮缩病毒接种的病株玉米中提取dsRNA,采用改进的单引物扩增技术获得了病毒基因组片段S10的cDNA克隆并测定了其全序列.结果表明S10全长1 801bp,含有一个ORF,组织结构与日本报道的RBSDV基本一致,核苷酸和推导的氨基酸序列与MRDV的相似性分别为87.5%和92.6%,与RBSDV的相似性分别为93.3%和96.4%.该研究也为病毒dsRNA克隆和序列分析奠定了基础.     

水稻病毒的吸收光谱和荧光光谱

本文报导水稻簇矮病毒(RBSV),水稻矮缩病毒(RDV),水稻东格鲁病毒(RTV),水稻齿矮病毒(RRSV)和水稻草矮病毒(RGSV)等的吸收光谱和荧光光谱.结果表明:不同病毒有不同的吸收光谱带和荧光光谱带.它包括主峰,各次峰及其轮廓.通过不同相对强度的光谱,可以判断其浓度.这些光谱可以反映病毒的某些结构信息.同时通过光谱也可以鉴别水稻病毒的类型.     

How Can We Use Genomics to Improve Cereals with Rice as a Reference Genome?

Rice serves as a model crop for cereal genomics. The availability of complete genome sequences, together with various genomic resources available for both rice and Arabidopsis, have revolutionized our understanding of the genetic make-up of crop plants. Both macrocolinearity revealed by comparative mapping and microcolinearity revealed by sequence comparisons among the grasses indicate that sequencing and functional analysis of the rice genome will have a significant impact on other cereals in terms of both genomic studies and crop improvement. The availability of mutants, introgression libraries, and advanced transformation techniques make functional genomics in rice and other cereals more manageable than ever before. A wide array of genetic markers, including anchor markers for comparative mapping, SSRs and SNPs are widely used in genetic mapping, germplasm evaluation and marker assisted selection. An integrated database that combines genome information for rice and other cereals is key to the effective utilization of all genomics resources for cereal improvement. To maximize the potential of genomics for plant breeding, experiments must be further miniaturized and costs must be reduced. Many techniques, including targeted gene disruption or allele substitution, insertional mutagenesis, RNA interference and homologous recombination, need to be refined before they can be widely used in functional genomic analysis and plant breeding.     

MOsDB: an integrated information resource for rice genomics

The MIPS Rice (Oryza sativa) database (MOsDB; http://mips.gsf.de/proj/rice) provides a comprehensive data collection dedicated to the genome information of rice. Rice (O. sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops for over half the world's population and serves as a major model system in cereal genome research. MOsDB integrates data from two publicly available rice genomic sequences, O. sativa L. ssp. indica and O. sativa L. ssp. japonica. Besides regularly updated rice genome sequence information, MOsDB provides an integrated resource for associated analysis data, e.g. internal and external annotation information as well as a complex characterization of all annotated rice genes. The MOsDB web interface supports various search options and allows browsing the database content. MOsDB is continuously expanding to include an increasing range of data type and the growing amount of information on the rice genome.     

Rice molecular genetic map using RFLPs and its applications

In the past decade, notable progress has been made in rice molecular genetic mapping using genomic or cDNA clones. A total of over 3000 DNA markers, mainly with RFLPs, have been mapped on the rice genome. In addition, many studies related to tagging of genes of interest, gene isolation by map-based cloning and comparative mapping between cereal genomes have advanced along with the development of a high-density molecular genetic map. Thus rice is considered a pivotal plant among cereal crops and, in addition to Arabidopsis, is a model plant in genome analysis. In this article, the current status of the construction of rice molecular genetic maps and their applications are reviewed.     

基于比较基因组学的玉米ESTs定位方法

描述了以水稻基因组数据和玉米与水稻的比较遗传图谱为桥梁,基于水稻和玉米间存在的标记和序列水平上的广泛的共线性,对大量的玉米ESTs初步定位于玉米连锁群上新方法,为对ESTs开展进一步的基因组学研究和基因克隆提供参考信息。对139条玉米ESTs的定位发现,96条玉米ESTs（69%）可在水稻基因组中找到同源序列,77条ESTs（55%）可使用该策略进行定位,证实了该方法的可行性和有效性。      

水稻基因组测序的研究进展

水稻是最重要的粮食作物之一,世界上大约有一半的人口以水稻为主要粮食。作为基因组研究的模式植物,水稻基因组的测序工作已在世界范围内展开。此项研究工作不仅能破译水稻全基因组序列,还将有助于了解其他禾本科植物的基因组信息。本对水稻基因组测序工作进展作一综述。     

Development, characterization, and transferability to other Solanaceae of microsatellite markers in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.).

A novel set of informative microsatellite markers for pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is provided. Screening of approximately 168 000 genomic clones and 23 174 public database entries resulted in a total of 411 microsatellite-containing sequences that could be used for primer design and functional testing. A set of 154 microsatellite markers originated from short-insert genomic libraries and 257 markers originated from database sequences. Of those markers, 147 (61 from genomic libraries and 86 from database sequences) showed specific and scoreable amplification products and detected polymorphisms between at least 2 of the 33 lines of a test panel consisting of cultivated and wild Capsicum genotypes. These informative markers were subsequently surveyed for allelic variation and information content. The usefulness of the new markers for diversity and taxonomic studies was demonstrated by the construction of consistent phylogenetic trees based on the microsatellite polymorphisms. Conservation of a subset of microsatellite loci in pepper, tomato, and potato was proven by cross-species amplification and sequence comparisons. For several informative pepper microsatellite markers, homologous expressed sequence tag (EST) counterparts could be identified in these related species that also carry microsatellite motifs. Such orthologs can potentially be used as reference markers and common anchoring points on the genetic maps of different solanaceous species.     

水稻全基因组编码抗病基因同源序列分析

利用模糊搜索的方法,在TIGR水稻日本晴基因组数据库(TIGR Rice Genome Annotation-Release5)中识别出565个编码抗病蛋白质的同源序列;利用识别出565个编码抗病蛋白质序列分别与籼稻基因组数据库进行BLASTP联配,共确定320个对应的等位基因。通过在线生物信息学软件,识别了这565个抗病基因的保守结构域、保守模体和DNA序列内转座子元件,其中有14个抗病基因同源序列注释错误。同时绘出了这些基因的基因组分布,并基于这些基因的同源树分析和基因组物理分布,认为基因的原位和远程复制事件产生了抗病基因的现存分布和多样性,其中转座子在复制过程中扮演了重要角色。这些对抗病机制研究和抗病基因进化研究以及抗病基因的转育具有重要意义。     

INE: a rice genome database with an integrated map view

The Rice Genome Research Program (RGP) launched a large-scale rice genome sequencing in 1998 aimed at decoding all genetic information in rice. A new genome database called INE (INtegrated rice genome Explorer) has been developed in order to integrate all the genomic information that has been accumulated so far and to correlate these data with the genome sequence. A web interface based on Java applet provides a rapid viewing capability in the database. The first operational version of the database has been completed which includes a genetic map, a physical map using YAC (Yeast Artificial Chromosome) clones and PAC (P1-derived Artificial Chromosome) contigs. These maps are displayed graphically so that the positional relationships among the mapped markers on each chromosome can be easily resolved. INE incorporates the sequences and annotations of the PAC contig. A site on low quality information ensures that all submitted sequence data comply with the standard for accuracy. As a repository of rice genome sequence, INE will also serve as a common database of all sequence data obtained by collaborating members of the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project (IRGSP). The database can be accessed at http://www. dna.affrc.go.jp:82/giot/INE.html or its mirror site at http://www.staff.or.jp/giot/INE.html