圈养大熊猫乳汁营养成分分析

本文收集了一只14岁大熊猫产后17d内的乳汁样品10个,包括产后第2,3,5,6,7,8,9,11,12和17天,并测定了这些样品的营养成分的含量。即粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、乳糖(Lac)、17种氨基酸(AA)含量的总和、5种常量元素(Ca,P,K,Na,Mg)和6种微量元素(Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn,Co,Se)。结果如下：(1)每个样品的粗蛋白和17种氨基酸含量的总和十分接近,分别在5．20％～7．50％和5．17％～7．62％的范围内波动;乳糖含量的变化范围为0．87％～1．51％;粗脂肪为0．6％～3．2％;(2)粗蛋白和总氨基酸含量第3天明显低于第2天,从第3天到第6天逐步升高,第7天有些下降,从第7到17天逐渐上升;乳糖含量变化不大,在1％左右,第2,3和5天接近,第6天明显升高。之后逐渐降低直至第17天;粗脂肪含量波动较大,没有明显变化趋势;绝大多数矿物元素含量随产后时间的延长都有不同程度的升高趋势;(3)产后6～7天的乳汁样品营养物质含量与一周后有明显差别。作者建议在幼大熊猫人工乳的配制方面,应依据大熊猫乳汁的营养物质含量,充分保证蛋白质水平。降低乳糖含量,同时供给充足的矿物质元素;必须根据幼大熊猫的日龄及其生长发育情况,调整人工乳的营养水平。     

四川地区孕妇产后子宫内膜炎主要致病菌的检测及其耐药性分析

大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、化脓隐秘杆菌(Trueperella pyogenes,Arcanobacterium pyogenes)和坏死梭杆菌(Fusobacterium necrophorum)是与子宫内膜病变相关的主要病原体。本研究使用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)直接鉴定四川地区139例孕妇宫颈分泌物中的病原体,而不进行细菌培养。此外,对上述3种病原体的耐药性进行了考察。结果显示,第1次生产后检查发现子宫内膜炎的发生率(35.25%)高于第2次生产后检查(15.53%)。在6个样品中检测到大肠杆菌,在11个样品中检测到化脓隐秘杆菌,并在10个样品中检测到坏死梭杆菌。在第1次检查中,化脓隐秘杆菌和坏死梭杆菌的子宫污染感染高于第2次检查。药敏实验结果显示,大肠杆菌、化脓隐秘杆菌和坏死梭杆菌分别对9种、6种和7种药物产生耐药性。总之,本研究建立了用于诊断孕妇产后子宫内膜炎的3种主要病原体的标准PCR,该方法更简单、成本低和快捷,且对主要细菌检测具有较高的灵敏度。此外,大肠杆菌的耐药性高于另外2个菌种。     

养殖泥螺体内细菌菌群组成及分析

养殖泥螺样品体内需氧平板菌落数为 7 3× 1 0 5～ 2 8× 1 0 6 个 /g。从泥螺体内共分离获得 2 1 7株细菌 ,88 5 %是革兰氏阴性杆菌。优势菌属是肠杆菌科 (Enterobacteriaceae) 61株、气单胞菌属 (Aeromonas) 58株、弧菌属 (Vibrio) 2 7株和假单胞菌属 (Pseudomonas) 2 1株。结果表明 ,每批泥螺样品的细菌总数均超出卫生标准 1～ 2个数量级 ,7月和 9月样品的大肠菌群数超出了规定的指标 ,应重视泥螺收捕后的消毒处理环节。泥螺体内细菌菌群由 1 0个菌属组成 ,涂泥中占优势的芽孢杆菌属细菌在泥螺体内却是少量的 ,反映泥螺对体内微生物组成与数量有一定调节控制作用。     

住院8天过敏性紫癜患儿肠道菌群的变化研究

目的研究住院1～8d过敏性紫癜患儿肠道菌群的变化。方法（1）提取43例过敏性紫癜患儿（观察组）住院1～8d和43例健康儿童（对照组）粪便标本的细菌DNA,测量并比较对照组和观察组标本细菌的DNA-A240值;（2）采用16SrRNA／DNA荧光定量PCR技术进行对照组和观察组粪便标本中双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌和大肠埃希菌的定量分析和比较。结果（1）粪便标本中细菌的DNA-A240值分别为：对照组d0（3605．9±1096．9）ng／μl,观察组治疗前1天d1（2225．9±616．1）ng／μl,治疗第3～4天d2（1780．3±547．4）ng／μl,治疗第7～8天d3（2055．6±570．2）ng／μl;对照组和观察组治疗前以及观察组治疗不同时期相比,d0与d1差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,d1与d2差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,d1与d3差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,d2与d3差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;（2）粪便标本中3种细菌量的对数值比较差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。观察组双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量在治疗第3—4天较低,第7—8天有所回升;大肠埃希菌的对数值亦有减少,治疗第3—4天较低,但第7～8天没有明显回升。结论（1）过敏性紫癜患儿肠道菌群总DNA-A260量和健康儿童相比有减少;（2）过敏性紫癜患儿肠道双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌和大肠埃希菌量与正常儿童相比有下降,治疗的第7天有回升的趋势。过敏性紫癜患儿肠道益生菌数量减少可能影响其发病和转归。     

茶黑刺粉虱蛹和卵的发育分级及与其防治适期的相关性

20 0 0年 4～ 6月 ,每 5日在皖南黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthusspiniferus(Quaintance)常发茶园中以平行跳跃法选 5 0个样方。每样方为 1m茶行 ,查其上、中、下层各 2片成叶上各虫态粉虱的数量 ;采回 2 0 0头蛹于立体显微镜下解剖。越冬代蛹期 32～ 38d。据蛹体形态和颜色的显著变化而分为 4级 :体液乳白色( 1 2～ 1 4d)、体液淡黄色 ( 6～ 8d)、体液橙红色 ( 1 1～ 1 2d)和体液淡紫色阶段 ( 3～ 4d)。引入该粉虱于盆载茶苗上 ,观察其生物学习性。第 1代卵期 2 2～ 2 8d ,据卵颜色的显著变化分为 4级 :乳白色 ( 2～ 4d)、淡黄色 ( 2～ 3d)、橙红色 ( 1 5～ 1 7d)和紫黑色阶段 ( 3～ 4d)。第 1代幼虫期 2 5～ 2 8d ,其中 1龄 9～ 1 2d ,2龄 9d ,3龄 7d ,蛹期 7～ 8d。越冬代成虫盛期和第 1代 1龄盛期为防治适期 ,可较好地用蛹或卵的分龄分级法预测。越冬代蛹全部羽化之时 ,又恰是 1龄幼虫盛期 ,易于掌握     

环氧合酶-2在子宫内膜癌中上调表达的临床意义

目的　探讨环氧合酶 2与子宫内膜癌发生、发展中的关系。方法　研究对象分为 5组 ,增生期组 2 5例 ,分泌期组 2 5例 ,内膜炎组 2 5例 ,非典型性增生组 2 3例 ,子宫内膜癌组 34例 ,应用免疫组化和定量RT PCR方法 ,检测其中Cox 2蛋白和mRNA水平表达。结果　 6 7%的子宫内膜癌表达Cox 2 ,在转录和蛋白水平子宫内膜癌组的Cox 2表达强度明显高于其它四组 (免疫组化评分分别为 :增生期组 5 4 6± 0 12 3,分泌期组 3 2 0± 0 176 ,内膜炎组 4 78± 0 12 ,非典型性增生组 6 10±0 2 5 ,子宫内膜癌组 8 70± 0 93,相应mRNA含量依次为 92 8± 8 2 2fpg/ μg ,6 4 9± 11 0 8fpg/ μg ,79 4± 5 83fpg/ μg ,2 99 3± 10 6 8fpg/ μg ,4 93 0± 2 9 5 8fpg/ μg) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,内膜癌中 ,高分化细胞Cox 2表达高于低分化细胞 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。非典型性增生组Cox 2表达显著高于正常内膜和内膜炎组 ,增殖期组Cox 2表达高于分泌期组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　Cox 2可能在子宫内膜癌发生发展中起重要作用 ,可为子宫内膜癌的化学预防和化疗的辅助治疗提供新靶点     

大鼠子宫内膜炎模型复制及其中西药复方乳剂治疗

目的人工复制大鼠子宫内膜炎模型;应用自制中西药复方乳剂对子宫内膜炎模型大鼠进行治疗。方法对实验大鼠子宫眼观病变、子宫内容物及单侧子宫指数进行检查,对实验大鼠子宫进行病理组织学检查。结果应用3％冰乙酸对大鼠子宫进行刺激,第4天对大鼠子宫接种混合病原菌,能够稳定复制大鼠子宫内膜炎模型;中西药复方乳剂能明显降低大鼠子宫内细菌浓度、种类及单侧子宫系数,能明显减轻子宫的病理变化。结论中西药复方乳剂对子宫内膜炎模型大鼠有良好的治疗作用。     

双黄连粉与鱼腹草注射液联合治疗急性子宫内膜炎15例

采用双黄连粉针剂与鱼腥草注射液联合治疗急性子宫内膜炎 1 5例 ,现将疗效报告如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料　选择 30例急性子宫内膜炎患者。( 1 )年龄 2 0～ 45岁 ,病程 3天至 3个月 ;( 2 )已婚 2 7例 ,3例未婚有人流史 ;( 3) 30例均有不同程度的恶寒、发热、下腹部疼痛 ;( 4 ) 2 0例合并急性盆腔炎 ,B超检查子宫炎性改变 ,子宫直肠凹有积液 ;( 5 ) 30例妇科检查白带增多 ,呈脓性 ,子宫稍增大或正常 ,明显压痛 ;( 6) 30例阴道分泌物实验室检查脓球 (阳性 )。患者随机分为治疗组和对照组 ,每组 1 5例。1 .2　治疗方法　治疗组采用双黄…     

大鼠面部慢性炎症痛导致三叉神经节表达P2X3神经元表型的转变

目的研究大鼠面部慢性炎症痛与三叉神经节内表达P2X3受体亚型神经元细胞大小和表型变化之间的关系。方法参照Neumann(1996)报道的研究方法,采用大鼠面部皮下注射松节油建立慢性炎症痛模型,用热测痛的方法测定面部皮肤的痛阈值,每天一次,连续测15d。用免疫组织化学技术观察大鼠面部慢性炎症后第5d三叉神经节内感觉神经元P2X3受体的表达。采用体视学的方法测量表达P2X3神经节细胞大小及表型的变化。结果炎症侧大鼠面部痛阈值与对照组相比明显降低,在第5d达到最低值,以后逐渐恢复,第13d开始痛阈恢复正常水平。炎症侧三叉神经节内表达P2X3神经元的平均细胞表面积(721±12μm2)与对照组(616±8μm2)相比明显增大(P<0·01)。进一步观察发现表达P2X3小细胞群(<950μm2)的表面积由炎症前的537±13μm2增加到炎症后的582±15μm2(P<0·05)而且小细胞占总细胞的数量比例由炎症前的42·2±3·2%增加到炎症后的51·8±3·5%(P<0·05);而表达P2X3受体的大细胞(>950μm2)的数量比例由炎症前的6·5±1·9%增加到炎症后的12·8±2·2%(P<0·05)。结论面部慢性炎症痛时,其三叉神经节内表达P2X3受体神经元的表型可发生改变,这可能与面部痛觉过敏和触诱发痛的形成有密切关系。     

冰核细菌在我国北方玉米上的消长动态规律

研究证明,菠萝欧文氏菌(Erwinia ananas)为我国北方玉米上优势冰核细菌种类,占总体INA细菌95 %以上。采用定量定性和定期取样分离方法,首次研究INA细菌在玉米上的消长动态规律。结果表明:玉米不同生长发育阶段是影响INA细菌在玉米上数量分布和消长动态变化的重要因素,以抽雄至成熟期间分布INA细菌数量最多,高达10 7～10 8CFU/ g,比拔节至抽雄期高出2～3个数量级,比苗期至拔节期高出4～5个数量级;同时还指出,玉米不同播期,对INA细菌数量分布影响显著,差异很大,其中INA细菌分布数量消长变化,以正常播种(1.9×10 7CFU / g) >中期播种(7.9×10 5CFU/ g) >晚期播种(5 .0×10 4 CFU/ g) ;研究指出,处于抽雄至成熟期间的玉米上分布的INA细菌数量最多,因此期间(8月上旬至9月下旬) ,气温逐渐降低,昼夜温差大,田间结露多,加上玉米处于成熟阶段,抗INA细菌能力弱,这些因素有利于低温(5～2 0℃范围内生长)型INA细菌生长繁殖,故使INA细菌分布数量最多     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤伴月经过多的临床研究

目的：回顾分析24例子宫肌瘤伴月经过多患者入介治疗疗效和子宫动脉栓塞安全性。方法：选择24例子宫肌瘤伴月经过多患者进行子宫肌瘤供血动脉的栓塞。结果：插管栓塞动脉率100％,随访20年。治疗后1月,24例患者经月经明显减少,B超随访,3个月子宫肌瘤体积平均缩小30％,随访2年,其中2例行腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤经阴道摘除术,6例子宫肌瘤消失,16例子宫肌瘤体积平均缩小80％,结论：子宫肌瘤行介入治疗疗效肯定,对粘膜下子宫肌瘤及子宫肌瘤伴月经过多患者尤为适宜。     

米菲司酮不同剂量治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效观察

目的观察米菲司酮不同给药剂量治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法将子宫肌瘤患者分成两组,A组25例,每天服用米菲司酮25mg,B组21例,每天服用米菲司酮10mg,均从月经第一天开始服用,连续三个月。治疗期间每月复查肝、肾功能,治疗开始和结束分别测量子宫和子宫肌瘤的体积和内膜厚度。结果A组肌瘤体积缩小了42.58%(P<0.01),B组肌瘤缩小了41.55%(P<0.01),两者之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。而两组的药物副作用也无显著差别。结论每日口服米菲司酮10mg可以有效的缩小子宫肌瘤,副作用小。     

米非司酮治疗围绝经期功能失调性子宫出血的临床观察

目的：观察诊断性刮宫术后加用米非司酮治疗围绝经期功能失调性子宫出血（功血）的临床效果。方法：将32例确诊为围绝经期功血的患者。口服米非司酮10mg,1次／天,连服3个月。观察月经情况、子宫大小、内膜厚度,激素水平。结果：所有患者用药期间均出现闭经,其中10例直接进入绝经期．余22例停药32-72天恢复月经,其中8例月经稀发、量少;5例于停药3,15个月绝经,恢复月经者中有1例于停药15个月复发,改行宫腔镜子宫内膜切割术。结论：米非司酮治疗围绝经期功血有效,复发率低．副反应小。是目前比较理想的药物治疗方案。     

Mice-lacking LMP2, immuno-proteasome subunit,as an animal model of spontaneous uterine leiomyosarcoma

Uterine tumors are the most common type of gynecologic neoplasm. Uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is rare, accounting for 2% to 5% of tumors of the uterine body. Uterine LMS develops more often in the muscle tissue layer of the uterine body than in the uterine cervix. The development of gynecologic tumors is often correlated with female hormone secretion; however, the development of uterine LMS is not substantially correlated with hormonal conditions, and the risk factors are not yet known. Radiographic evaluation combined with PET/CT can be useless in the diagnosis and surveillance of uterine LMS. Importantly, a diagnostic biomarker, which distinguishes malignant LMS and benign tumor leiomyoma (LMA) is yet to be established. Accordingly, it is necessary to analyze risk factors associated with uterine LMS in order to establish a method of treatment. LMP2-deficient mice spontaneously develop uterine LMS, with a disease prevalence of ~40% by 14 months of age. It is therefore of interest whether human uterine LMS shows a loss of LMP2 expression. We found LMP2 expression is absent in human LMS, but present in human LMA. Therefore, defective LMP2 expression may be one of the risk factors for LMS. LMP2 is potentially a diagnostic biomarker for uterine LMS, and gene therapy with LMP2-encording DNA may be a new therapeutic approach.     

Effects of ovarian hormones on cell membranes in the rat uterus

Freeze-fracture techniques have been used to study tight junctions on the lateral plasma membrane of cells of the luminal epithelium of the rat uterus under various hormonal regimes. Tight junctions from ovariectomized control rats extended some 0.5 μm down the lateral membrane and the junctional strands often formed a network of closely packed, circular compartments. Following treatment of rats with estrogen for 3 days the tight junctional regional still extended 0.5 μm down the lateral membrane, but the strands ran more parallel to the apical surface. They did not enclose circular compartments. After treatment with progesterone, either alone or with estrogen in such a way as to condition the ovariectomized uterus for implantation, a third pattern of junctional organization emerged. In these animals the junctional region extended 1.1 μm down the lateral membrane and the strands frequently crosslinked, enclosing compartments of varying and irregular size and shape. Our observations suggest that ovarian hormones could regulate the contents of the uterine lumen by altering the structure extent of the tight junctions which connect the epithelial cells enclosing the lumen.     

An in vivo mouse model of primary dysmenorrhea

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common gynecological disorder. Hitherto, animal models which recapitulate clinical features of PD have not been fully established. We aimed to examine whether a pain model in mice could mimic the clinic features of PD. After pretreated with estradiol benzoate (1 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 3 consecutive days, non-pregnant female Imprinting Control Region mice (6–8 weeks old) was injected with 0.4 U of oxytocin to induce the stretching or writhing response which was recorded for a time period of 30 min. During the writhing period, the uterine artery blood flow alterations were examined by Doppler ultrasound detection. After writhing test, the uterine morphological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining histopathology. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to measure the levels of prostaglandins F_2α/prostaglandins E₂ (PGF_2α/PGE₂) and TXB₂ (a metabolite of TXA₂)/6-keto-PGF_1α (a metabolite of PGI₂) in the uterine tissue homogenates and plasma, respectively. Western blot analyses were performed to determine the expressions of oxytocin receptor (OTR), beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in uterine, which are responsible for the uterine contraction. The writhing response only occurred in the estrogen pretreated female mice. The area of uterine myometrium significantly decreased along with the increased thickness in the oxytocin-induced estrogen pretreated mice model. The uterine artery blood flow velocity dropped, while the pulsatility index and resistance index slightly increased after the injection of oxytocin. The PGF_2α/PGE₂ level significantly increased and the plasma TXB₂/6-keto-PGF_1α level significantly enhanced. Compared with the control group, the uterine histopathology demonstrated moderate to severe edema of endometrium lamina propria. In consistent with the uterine morphological changes, a significant reduction of beta2-AR and a significant increase of OTR and COX-2 in the uterine tissue were observed. The writhing response was caused by the abnormal contraction of uterus. The uterine spasm and ischemia changes of oxytocin-induced estrogen pretreated female mice model were similar to the pathology of human PD. We reported an in vivo mice model, which can be used to study PD and for clinical therapeutic evaluations.     

Cytomegalovirus Infection of the Cervix Detected By Cytology and Histology: A Report of Five Cases

We present four cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection detected by cervical cytology of asymptomatic young women. One patient who had undergone bone marrow transplantation was immunosuppressed, but no factors predisposing to CMV infection were identified in the other three patients. A cervical biopsy specimen from a fifth patient, who was also asymptomatic, demonstrated the locus of CMV infection to be in endocervical gland cells. Immunocytochemical and polymerase chain reaction studies on this biopsy specimen confirmed that the histological changes were caused by CMV. the finding of CMV-infected cells in cervical cytological or biopsy specimens is a rarity. Our observations in asymptomatic, non-immunocompromised women suggest their presence is an incidental finding, unlikely to have any clinical significance.     

Soluble Fas receptor and soluble Fas ligand in the serum of women with uterine tumors

It is commonly accepted that apoptosis plays an important role in the death of normal and neoplastic cells. Related proteins and their receptors on cell surfaces regulate apoptosis. One of the best-characterized systems is the Fas-Fas ligand system. The aim of the study was to examine the concentrations of soluble Fas receptor (sFas) and the soluble ligand for the Fas receptor (sFasL) in serum of women with uterine tumors.The study included 42 women with uterine tumors. As a normal control, sera were obtained from 20 healthy female volunteers. The concentrations of sFas and sFasL in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA.Significant increases of the mean value of sFas and sFasL were found in the serum of women with uterine tumor compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). The mean levels of these parameters increased in consecutive stages of the clinical extent of the uterine cancer (I-III). The lowest concentration was observed in women with stage I and the highest in women with stage III of clinical extent according to FIGO.Apoptosis that appears to occur in the cancerous cells of malignant uterine tumors is associated with high levels of sFas and sFasL in serum.     

宫腔镜联合B超诊断异常子宫出血124例临床分析

目的：探讨宫腔镜联合B超在诊治异常子宫出血的临床价值。方法：对124例异常子宫出血的病例进行回顾性分析,所有患者作B超及宫腔镜检查,宫腔内切除物或刮出物均送病理检查。结果：124例患者经病理检查确诊为子宫内膜息肉84例（67．7％）,合并宫颈息肉10例;子宫内膜增生症16例（12．9％）,其中单纯性增生12例,复杂性增生4例;子宫内膜不典型增生1例（0．8％）;子宫粘膜下肌瘤12例（9．7％）;子宫内膜样腺癌6例（4．8％）;子宫内膜炎3例（2．4％）;胚物残留2例（1．6％）。结论：宫腔镜联合B超检查是诊断异常子宫出血最好的方法.     

Identification of up-regulated genes in human uterine leiomyoma by sup-pression subtractive hybridization

In searching for differentially expressed genes in human uterine leiomyomas (ULs), suppression sub-tractive hybridization was used to construct an UL up-regulated library, which turned out to represent 88 genes. After two rounds of screening by reverse Northern analysis, twenty genes were proved to be up-regulated, including seventeen known genes and three genes with unknown function. All these genes were firstly associated with UL. Three genes with notable difference were selected for Northern confirmation. Our results proved the authenticity of the twenty genes. One gene named Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) showed up-regulation in 4/6 of the patients and investigation of tissue distribution indicated that it had obvious expression in prostate, testis, liver, heart and skeletal muscle.