Serotyping of Avian Mycoplasma Species in India

Two-hundred and two strains of avian mycoplasma species belonging to 10 biotypes were typed serologically by employing disk growth inhibition (DGI) and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests. These could be placed into seven serotypes, namely A (80), B (50), C (3), E (34), L (13), P (4), and 1 and R (18). The figures in parentheses show the number of strains within each type. A close relationship was observed between DGI and IHA tests. The IHA test, however, was more sensitive and specific. It was also noticed that biochemically identical biotypes, namely E and G, and B and M were also found identical in serotyping, thus confirming the biochemical identity. In view of these facts, the strains of biotypes M and G were grouped under serotypes B and E, respectively. The antigenic relationships between the serotypes are also discussed.     

Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Molecular Biology of Photosynthesis. Ed. By G ovindjee , H. J. B ohnert , W. B ottomley , D. A. B ryant , J. E. M ullet , W. L. O gren , H. P akrasi and C. R. S omerville .
Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Ethylene Production in Lower and Higher Plants. Ed. by H. C lijsters , M. de P roft , R. M arcelle and M. V an P oucke .
Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur Utilisation by Fungi. By L. B oddy , R. M archant and D. J. R ead .
Fungi and Ecological Disturbance. Ed. by L. B oddy , R. W atling and A. J. E. L yon .
Phytoplankton , 2nd Edn. By A. D. B oney .
The Holocene: An Environmental History. By N eil R oberts .
Chambers Biology Dictionary. Ed. by P. M. B. W alker , C.B.E., F.R.S.E.     

BOOKS REVIEWS

M aintenance OF M icroorganisms . A M anual OF L aboratory M ethods (1984). Edited by B. E. Kirsop & J. J. S. Snell.
P rogress IN C linical AND B iological R esearch , V olume 181, G ermfree R esearch : M icroflora C ontrol AND ITS A pplication TO THE B iomedical S ciences (1985). Edited by B. S. Wostmann, J. R. Pleasants, M. Pollard
S pecial P ublications OF THE S ociety FOR G eneral M icrobiology , N umber 15, C omputer -A ssisted B acterial S ystematics (1985). Edited by M. Goodfellow, D. Jones & F. G. Priest.
R epairable L esions IN M icroorganisms (1984). Edited by A. Hurst & A. Nasim.
T he V irulence OF E scherichia C oli . R eviews AND M ethods (1985). Edited by M. Sussman.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
HACCP: A P ractical A pproach (1994). By S. Mortimore and C. Wallace.
M olecular B iology of A rchaea (1994). Edited by F. Pfeiffer, P. Palm and K.-H. Schleifer.
R otaviruses (1994). Edited by R.F. Ramig.
P ower U nseen : H ow M icrobes R ule the W orld (1994). By B. Dixon.
V iruses and C ancer (1994). Edited by A. Minson, J. Niel and M. McCrae.
W ater M icrobiology (1994). By G. Bitton.
H andbook for R hizobia : M ethods in L egume - Rhizobium T echnology (1994). By P. Somasegaran and H.J. Hoben.
S tatistics and E xperimental D esign : A n I ntroduction for B iologists and B iochemists (1994). 3rd Edition. By G.M. Clarke
P rinciples of G ene M anipulation : A n I ntroduction to G enetic E ngineering (1994). 5th Edition. By R.W. Old and S.B. Primrose.
R espiratory I nfections : D iagnosis and M anagement (1994). Third edition. Edited by J.E. Pennington.
O bstetric and G ynecologic I nfectious D isease (1994). Edited by J.G. Pastorek II.
M olecular G enetics of B acteria (1994). 2nd Edition. By J.W. Dale.
B acterial P athogenesis : P art A: I dentification and R egulation of V irulence F actors (1994). Methods in Enzymology, Volume 235. Edited by V.L. Clark and P.M. Bavoil
B acterial P athogenesis : P art B: I nteraction of P athogenic B acteria with H ost C ells (1994). Methods in Enzymology, Volume 236. Edited by V.L. Clark and P.M. Bavoil.
M ononuclear P hagocytes : B iology of M onocytes and M acrophages (1992). Edited by R. van Furth.     

REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article:
Thonner's Analytical Key to the Families of Flowering Plants. By R. G eesink , A. J. M. L eeuwenberg , C. E. R idsdale and J. F. V eldkamp
The Plant Cuticle. Ed. by D. F. C utler , K. L. A lvin and C. E. P rice
Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry . By J. B. H arborne
Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen. By H einz E llenberg
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria. By M. T ribe and P. W hittaker
The Physiology and Biochemistry of Drought Resistance in Plants. Ed. by L. G. P aleg and D. A spinall     

REVIEWS

O n the N orthwest : C ommercial W haling in the P acific N orthwest 1790–1967. Robert Lloyd Webb.
T he S ei W hale : P opulation B iology , E cology and M anagement . Joseph Horwood
W ildlife R adio T agging , E quipment , F ield T echniques and D ata A nalysis . Robert Hayward.
B iology of the G enus C ephalorhynchus . R. L. Brownell, Jr. and G. P. Donovan, eds.
H andbook of M arine M ammals . V olume 4: R iver D olphins and the L arger T oothed W hales . S. H. Ridgway and R. Harrison, eds.
P olar B ears . Ian Stirling.
T he W hales of H awaii . Kenneth C. Balcomb, III.
W hales , D olphins and P orpoises . Richard Harrison and M. M. Bryden, eds.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
A nti -T uberculous D rugs . H andbook of E xperimental P harmacology , Volume 84 (1988). Edited by K. Bartmann.
B acterial E ndotoxins : P athophysiological E ffects , C linical S ignificance and P harmacological C ontrol (1988). Edited by J. Levin, H.R. Buller, J.W. ten Cate, S.J.H. van Deventer & A. Sturk.
A L aboratory M anual for L egionella (1988). Edited by T.G. Harrison & A.G. Taylor.
M arine M icrobiology (1988). By B. Austin.
B acterial E nergy T ransduction (1988). Edited by C. Anthony.
S ingle C ell O il (1988). Edited by R.S. Moreton.
D iagnostic T echniques in M edical P arasitology (1988). By S.L. Fleck & A.H. Moody.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
L egionella : C urrent S tatus and E merging P erspectives (1993). Edited by J.M. Barbaree, R.F. Breiman and A.P. Dufour.
Pseudomonas: M olecular B iology and B iotechnology (1992). Edited by E. Galli, S. Silver and B. Witholt.
A dvances in B iochemical E ngineering / B iotechnology 45 (1992). Edited by A. Fiechter.
A dvances in M icrobial E cology (1993). Edited by K.C. Marshall.
T he B iology of H alophilic B acteria (1993). Edited by R.H. Vreeland and L.I. Hochstein.
B akterienviren (1992). By S. Klaus, D. Krüger and J. Meyer.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
East African Monographs in Biology Vol. 2: 'The Ruminant Stomach'. By R. R. Hoffmann.
East African Vegetation. By E. M. Lind and M. E. S. Morrison.
Mammals of East and Central Africa. By R. M. B ere
Wild Cats of the World. By C. A. W. G uggisberg
Elephants and Their Habitats; The Ecology of Elephants in North Bunyoro, Uganda. By R. M. L aws , I. S. C. P arker & R. C. B. J ohnstone
Hyaena. By H ans K ruuk
The Biology of Hystricomorph Rodents. Edited by I. W. Rowlands & Barbara J. Weir
Handy Matrices. By C. J. P ennycuick     

REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article:
The Biology of Mycorrhiza. By J. L. H arley .
Techniques for Plant Electron Microscopy by B. E. J uniper , A. J. G ilchrist and P. R. W illiams .
Dormancy and Survival. Ed. by H. W. W oolhouse .
Organization and Control in Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells. Ed. by H. P. C harles and B. C. J. G. K night .
The Induction of Flowering. Ed. by L. T. E vans .
Anatomy of the Monocotyledons. Ed. by C. R. M etcalfe
Population Dynamics. By M aurice S olomon .
Chemical and Botanical Guide to Lichen Products. BY C hicita F. C ulberson .
Drawings of British Plants; Part XXVI: Polygonaceae-Buxaceae. By S tella R oss -C raig .
The Native Cacti of California. By L yman B enson .
Lehrbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie . By H. M ohr .
Experimente zur Pfianzenphysiologie . By P eter S chopfer .
Biologie de la vigne . By F. B ugnon and R. B essis
La Phyllotaxie . By J.-E. L oiseau .
Leven en werk van Hugo de Vries . By P. H. W. A. M. de V eer .
Chemical Analysis of Leaves and other Organs of Theobroma cacao L. as a Means of Diagnosing Fertiliser Requirements . By T. E ernstman .
Cactus-Feeding Insects and Mites . By J ohn M ann .
Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biological Survey of Dominica. Myxotnycetes from Dominica . By M arie L. F arr .
A Revision of the Genus Camissonia (Onagraceae) . By P eter H. R aven .
Protoplasmatologia . Band VIII/7/b. Aktiver Transport (Kurzstreckentransport bet Pflan-zen) . By U. L uttge .
Protoplasmatologia . Band VIII/8. Sekretion und Exkretion bei Pflanzen. By E. S ciinepf .
Protoplasmatologia . Band II/C/6. Die Hydration und Hydratur des Protoplasmas der Pflanzen und Hire öko-physiologische Bedeutung. By H. W alter und K. K reeb .     

BUCHBESPRECHUNGEN

Book reviewed in this article:
E rben , H. K.: Die Entwicklung der Lebewesen. Spielregeln der Evolution. R einboth , R. (Ed.): Intersexuality in the Animal Kingdom.
The Sea Urchin Embryo. Biochemistry and Morphogenesis. Hrsg. von G. C zihak unter Mitwirkung von R. P eter . Vorwort von J. B rachet .
The Blood of Sheep. Composition and Function. Ed. by M. H. B lunt . With contributions by M. H. B lunt , R. I. C ox , C. C. C urtain , J. D. D argie , K. A. F erguson , P. H. H olmes , T. H. J. H uisman , W. M. F. L eat , D. B. L indsay , W. V. M acfarlane , E. W. M oodie and E. M. T ucker .
S tephan , H.: Allocortex. Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen. Begründet von W. v. M öllendorf , fortgeführt von W. B argmann . Bd. 4, Teil 9.     

Book Reviews

BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION . By M. H. M artin & P. J. C oughtrey
PLANT CELL STRUCTURE AND METABOLISM . 2nd edn. By J. L. H all , T. J. F lowers & R. M. R oberts
PLANT CELL AND TISSUE CULTURE—A LABORATORY MANUAL . By J. R einert & M. M. Y eoman
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, NEW SERIES, VOLUME 12A. PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY I. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTM . Edited by O. L. L ange , P. S. N obel , C. B. O smond & H. Z eigler
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, NEW SERIES, VOLLIME 12B. PHYSIOLOGICAL PLANT ECOLOGY II. WATER RELATIONS AND CARBON ASSIMILATION . Edited by O. L. L ange , P. S. N obel , C. B. O smond & H. Z iegler
THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANT DEVELOPMENT . Edited by H. S mith & D. G rieson
SIMULATION OF PLANT GROWTH AND CROP PRODUCTION . Edited by F. W. T. P enning D e V ries & H. H. V an L aar
TRENDS IN PHOTOB1OLOGY . Edited by C. H elene , M. C harlier , TH. M ontenay -G arestier & G. L austriant
VICIA FAB A : PHYSIOLOGY AND BREEDING . Edited by R. T hompson
ENVIRONMENT AND PLANT ECOLOGY 2nd edn. By J. R. E therington     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Excursion Flora of the British Isles , 2nd edn. By A. R. C lapham , T. G. T utin and E. F. W arburg .
Critical Supplement to the Atlas of the British Flora . Ed. by F. H. P erring assisted by P. D. S ell .
Drawings of British Plants . Part XXIV. Labiatae . By S tella R oss -C raig .
Britain's Green Mantle , 2nd edn. By the late A. G. T ansley . Revised by M. C. F. P roctor .
The Flora of Berkshire . By H. J. M. B owen .
Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands . By P. H. D avis , assisted by J. C ullen and M. J. E. C oode .
Plants and Man on the Seychelles Coast . By J. D. S auer .
Key to the Families of Flowering Plants of the World . Revised and enlarged by J. H utchinson .
The Diversity of Green Flants . By P. R. B ell and C. L. F. W oodcock .
IBP Handbook No . 5: Handbook to the Conservation Section of the International Biological Programme . By E. M. N icholson .
Plants, Man and Life , 2nd edn. By E dgar A nderson .
Production and Mineral Cycling in Terrestrial Vegetation . By L. E. R odin and N. I. B azilevich . Translation by Scripta Technica Ltd (Ed. by G. E. F ogg ).
'Torrey Canyon' Pollution and Marine Life . A Report by the Plymouth Laboratory of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Ed. by J. E. S mith .
Geobotanische Untersuchungen auf der Feddersen Wier de . By U. K örber -G rohne .
Cell Walls and Membranes . By H. J. R ogers and H. R. P erkins .
Wachstums regulatoren bei Pflanzen . Ed. by E. L ibbert and B. S teyer .
The Ecology of Soil Bacteria ( An International Symposium ). Ed. by T. R. G. G ray and D. P arkinson .
Genetics of Fungi . By K arl E sser and R udolf K uenen . Translated by E rich S teiner .
Plant Pathologist's Pocketbook . Compiled by The Commonwealth Mycological Institute.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
A Course in Biology . By J. J. B aker and G. E. A llen .
Papers on Plant Systematics . By R. O rnduff .
Die Entstehung der Arten und hoheren Kategorien . By H. L amprecht .
Flora of Iraq , Vol. 9. Gramineae . By N. L. B or . (Ed. by C. C. T ownsend and E van G uest , with the collaboration of A li A l -R awi ).
Wild Elowers of North Carolina . By W illiam S. J ustice and C. R itchie B ell .
The Lichen Genera Cetrelia and Platismatia ( Parmeliaceae ). By W. L. C ulberson and C. F. C ulberson .
Essays on Form in Plants . By C. W. W ardlaw .
Crop Responses to Water at Different Stages of Growth . By P. J. S alter and J. E. G oode .
Protons, Electrons, Phosphorylation and Active Transport . By R. N. R obertson .
Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, XVIII, Sexuality: Reproduction; Alternation of Generations . General editor, W. R uhland ; sub-editor for this volume, H. F. L inskens .
Annual Review of Plant Physiology , Vol. 19. 1968. By L. M achlis (Ed.).
Biophysical Technique as Applied to Cell Biology . By J. C hayen and E. E. D enby .
The Measurement of Environmental Factors in Terrestrial Ecology . British Ecological Society Symposium No. 8. Ed. by R. M. W adsworth et al .
Guide to the Check Sheet for IBP Areas . IBP Handbook No. 4. By G. E. P eterken .     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
T he R umen E cosystem : T he M icrobial M etabolism and its R egulation (1990). Edited by S. Hoshino, R. Onodera, H. Minato & H. Itabashi.
M olecular B iological M ethods for B acillus : M odern M icrobiological M ethods (1990). Edited by C.R. Harwood & S.M. Cutting.
B acillus subtilis : M olecular B iology and I ndustrial A pplication (1989). Edited by B. Maruo & H. Yoshikawa.
M olecular P arasitology (1990). By J.E. Hyde.
F undamental V irology (1990). Second edition. Edited by B.N. Fields, D.M. Knipe, R.M. Chanock, M.S. Hirsch, J.L. Melnick & T.P. Monath.     

Book Reviews

M ycotoxins (1974). Edited by I. F. H. Purchase.
C owan and S teel's M anual for the I dentification of M edical B acteria (1974). S. T. Cowan.
A C olour A tlas of M icrobiology (1975). R. J. Olds.
M embranes and their C ellular F unctions (1974). J. B. Finean, R. Coleman & R. H. Michell.
S ingle C ell P rotein (1974). Edited by P. Davis.
W riting S cientific P apers in E nglish (1975). Maeve O'Connor & F. P. Woodford.
M icrobiology Vol. I (1975). Edited by V. A. Sherin & L. S. Smirnova.     

REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article:
Palaeoecology of Beringia . Ed. by D. M. H opkins , J. V. M atthews , C. E. S chweger and S. B. Y oung .
The Evolutionary Biology of Colonising Species . By P. A. P arsons .
Isolation of Membrances and Organelles from Plant Cells . Ed. By J. L. H all and A. L. M oore .
Collins Guide to Ferns, Mosses and Lichens of Britain and Northern and Central Europe . By H. M. J akas , assisted by A. K. M asselink .
The Diversity of Green Plants , By P. R. B ell and C. L. F. W oodcock .     

MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS

A dolph , E. F. 1967. Ontogeny of volume regulation in embryonic extracellular fluids.
A nderson , K. S., R andall , E. J., M ain , A. J. & T onn , R. J. 1966. Netting at High Pines.
D avis , F. W. 1965. Robins and D.D.T.
G ans , C. & B ock , W. J. 1965. The functional significance of muscle architecture—a theoretical analysis.
G rant , P. R. 1966. Retarded or arrested cranial development in a Mexican passerine, Myiopagis viridicata (Vieillot)
H udson , G. E., P arker , R. A., V an den B erge , J. & L anzillotti , P. J. 1966. A numerical analysis of the modifications of the appendicular muscles in various genera of gallinaceous birds.
KING, J. R. Adipose tissue composition in experimentally induced fat deposition in the 1967.
P eiponen , V. A. & B osley , A. 1964. Torpidity in a captive Nightjar ( Caprimulgus europaeus L.).
P owell , J. R. & B urke , J. D. 1966. Avian blood oxygen capacity.
R ijke , A. M. 1967. The water repellency and feather structure of cormorants, Phalacrocoracidae.
S iegfried , W. R. 1966. Growth, plumage development and moult in the Crowned Guineafowl Numida meleagris coronata Gurney.
S laden , W. J. L., B oyd , J. C. & P ederson , J. M. 1966. Biotelemetry studies on Penguin body temperatures.
S now , D. W. & S now , B. K. 1963. Meights and wing-lengths of some Trinidad birds.
Z wckel , F. C. 1966. Sex and age ratios and weights of Caprrcaillie from the 1965–66 shooting season in Scotland.     

A protein serologically and functionally related to the group C E3 14,700-kilodalton protein is found in multiple adenovirus serotypes.

A 14.7-kilodalton protein (14.7K protein) encoded by the E3 region of group C adenoviruses has been shown to protect virus-infected fibroblasts from lysis by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (L.R. Gooding, L.W. Elmore, A.E. Tollefson, H.A. Brady, and W.S.M. Wold, Cell 53:341-346, 1988). In this study we show that adenoviruses of other groups are also protected from TNF-induced cytolysis. Representative serotypes of groups A, B, D, and E produce a protein analogous to the 14.7K protein found in human group C adenoviruses. Deletion of this protein in group C viruses permits virus infection to induce cellular susceptibility to TNF killing. As with group C adenoviruses, cells infected with wild-type adenoviruses of other serotypes are not killed by TNF and are protected from lysis induced by TNF plus cycloheximide. However, cells are susceptible to TNF-induced lysis when infected with adenovirus type 4 mutants from which the 14.7K gene has been deleted. Although all known adenovirus serotypes infect epithelial cells, adenoviruses cause several diseases with various degrees of pathogenesis. Our findings suggest that the 14.7K protein provides a function required for the in vivo cytotoxicity of many adenoviruses independent of the site of infection or degree of pathogenesis.     

Books

A lstrom , P., C olston , P. & L ewington , I. 1991, A Field Guide to the Rare Birds of Britain and Europe
A mos , E.J.R. 1991. A Guide to The Birds of Bermuda
B enito -E spinal .E. 1990. OiseauxdesPetites Antilles. Birds of the West Indies
D owner , A. & S utton , R. 1990. Birds of Jamaica: Field guide
B irkhead , T.R. & M øller , A.P. 1992. Sperm Competition in Birds: Evolutionary causes and consequences
B rooke , M. & B irkhead , T. (eds) 1991. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Ornithology
F orshaw J. (ed.) 1991. Encyclopedia of Animals: Birds
D eeming , D.C. & F erguson , M.W.J, (eds) 1991. Egg Incubation: its effects on embryonic development in birds and reptiles
D owner , A. & S utton , R. 1990. Birds of Jamaica: Field guide
F ehr , H. 1991. Die Vögel in Norden des Kreises Aachen
F inlayson , M. & M oser . M. (EDS) 1991. Wetlands
F orshaw . J. (ED) 1991. Encyclopedia of Animals: Birds
H epper . P.G. (ed.) 1991. Kin Recognition
H eches R.N. (ed.) 1990. Behavioural Mechanisms of Food Selection
J obling , J.A. 1991. A Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
J ohnsgard , P. 1991 Crane Music. A natural history of American cranes
L ohmann , M. & R utschke , E. 1991. Vogelparadiese: 170 Biotope in Deutschland. Band 3: Ost- und Mitteldeutschland
L ongmore , W. 1991. Honeyeaters and their Allies of Australia
M aclean . G. L. 1990. Ornithology for Africa
Pinowski. J. K avanagh , B.P. & G orski . W. (eds) 1991. Nestling Mortality of Granivorous Birds due to Microorganisms and Toxic Substances
S ibley . C.G. & M onroe . B.L., Jr. 1990. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World
V oisin , C, 1991. The Herons of Europe