Purification and characterization of a novel type of catalase from the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae

A novel type of catalase, designated KpA, was purified from the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. The enzyme is unique in that it is a dimer with subunit molecular weight of 80,000, it bears a chlorine-type heme as prosthetic group, and is active over a very wide range of H+ concentrations, with a plateau from pH 2.8 to 11.8. Yet, some properties of KpA are characteristic of typical catalases: it is stable when treated with with ethanol/chloroform, cannot be reduced by dithionite and it is inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and by the conjugate acid forms of azide and cyanide. The protein of KpA is outstandingly resistant to denaturing conditions: it retains full activity when incubated with 8 M urea, at 30 degrees C for 4 days, it is stable for 1 h at 70 degrees C and at pH values 3.1 and 11.5 and, when dialyzed against 50 mM H2O2, it still retains 42% of its activity after 80 min.     

Purification and characterization of a bacteriocin from Klebsiella pneumoniae 158

Klebocin, a bacteriocin produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae 158, was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate fractionation and sequential DEAE-Sephacel and Sephadex G-150 column chromatography. The purified preparation had an Mr of approximately 40 000 on SDS-PAGE. Chemical analysis of the purified preparation showed it to be a protein, and it was sensitive to digestion by various proteolytic enzymes.     

耐盐氨基甲酸乙酯水解酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

氨基甲酸乙酯是发酵食品中存在的一种致癌物质,酶法去除发酵食品中的氨基甲酸乙酯是消除氨基甲酸乙酯危害的一种重要方法。从小鼠的胃部获得了一株产氨基甲酸乙酯水解酶的肺炎克雷伯氏菌,为了解该氨基甲酸乙酯水解酶的酶学性质,从肺炎克雷伯氏菌中提取获得氨基甲酸乙酯水解酶粗酶液,经硫酸铵沉淀、离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析分离得到氨基甲酸乙酯水解酶纯酶。通过十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析,估计该酶的分子量约为55 kDa。其水解氨基甲酸乙酯的Km值为74 mmol/L。酶反应的最适温度为55℃,最适pH为7.0。乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和二硫苏糖醇(DTT)对该酶有较强的激活作用,而Cu2+和Zn2+则有较强的抑制作用。该酶可耐受高浓度NaCl,对低浓度乙醇也有一定的耐受性,对于酱油中氨基甲酸乙酯的消除有一定的参考意义。     

Purification and characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae cytotoxins.

Isolation, purification and characterization of 3 new cytotoxins of a K. pneumoniae strain isolated from ready to eat pork sausage are reported. Purification process involved extraction of cytotoxins with polymyxin B sulphate, salt precipitation, gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. Klebsiella cytotoxin (KCT) I, a glycoprotein of about 65 kDa was verocytotoxic, enterotoxic and dermonerotic. KCT II was erythemogenic, verocytotoxic and enterotoxic protein of co 55 kDa, while KCT III was about double in MW (110 kDa) hadverocytotoxicity but neither enterotoxicity nor dermatotoxicity. KCT I and II caused granulation, conglomeration, shrinkage, detachment and lysis of MDBK and Vero cells, while KCT III induced enlargement, vacuolation, granulation, multinucleolation and syncytia formation in exposed cells. All the three cytotoxins induced specific neutralizing antibodies and cytotoxins were detectable in nanogram quantities with enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay using homologous antibodies. None of the anticytotoxin cross-reacted with either heterologous Klebsiella cytotoxins or with verocytotoxic preparations of Shigella dysenteriae.     

Purification and biochemical characterization of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae M5a1

Abstract Type strains and 62 clinical isolates of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens were typed with the use of genomic DNA fingerprints and rRNA gene probes. The strains were further serotyped with monoclonal antibodies and characterized with SDS-PAGE, enzymatic activities, hemolysis and hemagglutination and coaggregation with Streptococcus and Actinomyces spp. P. intermedia and P. nigrescens were found to have distinct ribotype patterns which correspond to previously defined serotypes I and II/III, respectively. No clear phenotypic difference related to hemolysis, hemagglutination and coaggregation with Streptococcus and Actinomyces species, or expression of aminopeptides and lipase was found between P. intermedia and P. nigrescens .     

Purification and characterization of the 3-hydroxybenzoate-6-hydroxylase from Klebsiella pneumoniae

Abstract We isolated 3-hydroxybenzoate-6-hydroxylase (E.C. 1.14.13.), an inducible enzyme that catalyzed the para -hydroxylation of 3-hydroxybenzoate (3-HBA) to 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate, from Klebsiella pneumoniae . Although the enzyme was found to be mainly induced by its substrate, a coordinated induction of 3-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase and gentisate dioxygenase was also observed in the presence of the product of the reaction. The purified enzyme was a monomer with a molecular mass of 42 000. It contained FAD as a prosthetic group, utilized NADH or NADPH with similar efficiencies and its activity was inhibited by Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺ and Hg²⁺. Other properties, such as induction mechanism and kinetic parameters were also studied. Moreover, for the first time the amino acid composition of a 3-hydroxybenzoate-6-hydroxylase was determined.     

Purification and characterization of a catalase-peroxidase and a typical catalase from the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae

The bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae synthesizes three different types of catalase: a catalase-peroxidase, a typical catalase and an atypical catalase, designated KpCP, KpT and KpA, respectively (Goldberg, I. and Hochman, A. (1989) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 268, 124-128). KpCP, but not the other two enzymes, in addition to the catalatic activity, catalyzes peroxidatic activities with artificial electron donors, as well as with NADH and NADPH. Both KpCP and KpT are tetramers, with heme IX as a prosthetic group, and they show a typical high-spin absorption spectrum which is converted to low-spin when a cyanide complex is formed. The addition of dithionite to KpCP causes a shift in the absorption maxima typical of ferrous heme IX. KpCP has a pH optimum of 6.3 for the catalatic activity and 5.2-5.7 for the peroxidatic activity, and relatively low 'Km' values: 6.5 mM and 0.65 H2O2 for the catalatic and peroxidatic activities, respectively. The activity of the catalase-peroxidase is inhibited by azide and cyanide, but not by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. KpT has wide pH optimum: 5-10.5 and a 'Km' of 50 mM H2O2, it is inhibited by incubation with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and by the acidic forms of cyanide and azide. A significant distinction between the typical catalase and the catalase-peroxidase is the stability of their proteins: KpT is more stable than KpCP to H2O2, temperature, pH and urea.     

Purification and chemical characterization of an exopolysaccharide isolated from Capnocytophaga ochracea

Purification and chemical characterization of an immunosuppressive exopolysaccharide from Capnocytophaga ochracea strain 25 are described. This polysaccharide was extracted from spent culture medium by cold ethanol precipitation. Purification was accomplished by trichloroacetic acid and pronase treatments in combination with diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose and concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography. Purity of the exopolysaccharide was ascertained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using periodic acid--Schiff staining. The exopolysaccharide was free of protein, nucleic acid, and lipopolysaccharide, but contained large amounts of mannose with lesser quantities of glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid, and glucosamine.     

Purification and properties of dihydroxyacetone kinase from Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) kinase of Klebsiella pneumoniae, a gene product of the dha regulon responsible for fermentative dissimilation of glycerol and DHA, was purified 120-fold to a final specific activity of 10 mumol X min-1 X mg of protein-1 at 30 degrees C. The enzyme, a dimer of a 53,000 +/- 5,000-dalton polypeptide, is highly specific for DHA (Km, ca.4 microM). Glycerol is not a substrate at 1 mM and is not an inhibitor even at 100 mM. The enzyme is not inhibited by 5 mM fructose-1,6-diphosphate. Ca2+ gives a higher enzyme activity than Mg2+ as a cationic cofactor. Escherichia coli glycerol kinase acts on both glycerol and DHA and is allosterically inhibited by fructose-1,6-diphosphate. Antibodies raised against E. coli glycerol kinase cross-reacted with K. pneumoniae glycerol kinase but not with K. pneumoniae DHA kinase.     

克雷伯杆菌甘油脱氢酶基因的克隆表达与纯化

以克雷伯杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)基因组DNA为模板, 运用PCR扩增得到编码甘油脱氢酶(GDH)的基因(gldA), 并克隆到pMD-18T载体上, 构建克隆载体pMD-gldA。经测序正确后, 将gldA亚克隆至表达载体pET-32a(+)上构建表达质粒pET-32gldA。在乳糖诱导下, 携带pET-32gldA的E. coli BL21 (DE3)高效表达分子量约为54 kD的可溶性蛋白。表达产物带有His6-tag标记, 选用Ni柱对表达产物进行纯化, 纯化后酶液的比活为188 u/mg, 纯化倍数和回收率分别为3倍和67.5%。     

克雷伯杆菌甘油脱氢酶基因的克隆表达与纯化

以克雷伯杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)基因组DNA为模板, 运用PCR扩增得到编码甘油脱氢酶(GDH)的基因(gldA), 并克隆到pMD-18T载体上, 构建克隆载体pMD-gldA。经测序正确后, 将gldA亚克隆至表达载体pET-32a(+)上构建表达质粒pET-32gldA。在乳糖诱导下, 携带pET-32gldA的E. coli BL21 (DE3)高效表达分子量约为54 kD的可溶性蛋白。表达产物带有His6-tag标记, 选用Ni柱对表达产物进行纯化, 纯化后酶液的比活为188 u/mg, 纯化倍数和回收率分别为3倍和67.5%。     

Purification and properties of two succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenases from Klebsiella pneumoniae

Two forms of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase have been isolated in Klebsiella pneumoniae M5a1. The two enzymes could be separated by filtration on Sephacryl S-300 and their apparent molecular weights were approx. 275,000 and 300,000. The large enzyme is specific for NADP. The smaller enzyme, which is induced by growth on 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and gamma-aminobutyrate, has been purified to 96% homogeneity by affinity chromatography. The NAD-linked succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase was able to use NADP as cofactor. Its induction is coordinated with 3- and 4-hydroxylase, the enzymes which initiate degradation of 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. The NAD-linked form is also induced by exogenous succinic semialdehyde. The large enzyme is specific for NADP and has been isolated from a defective mutant which lacked the activity of the NAD-linked succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Activity and stability conditions and true K m values for substrates and cosubstrates of the two enzymes were determined. Some aspects of the induction of the NAD-linked enzyme participating in the metabolism of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic and gamma-aminobutyrate were studied.     

Identification and characterization of the genes encoding the type 3 and type 1 fimbrial adhesins of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae are known to express two morphologically and functionally distinct filaments, the type 3 and the type 1 fimbriae. The gene (mrkD) encoding the adhesion of K. pneumoniae type 3 fimbriae was identified by transcomplementation analysis with the pap fimbrial gene cluster of Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the mrkD gene was determined. In addition, the determinant coding for the K. pneumoniae type 1 fimbrial adhesion was identified, and its nucleotide sequence was deduced. The predicted amino acid sequences of the K. pneumoniae adhesion proteins are compared, and similarities with the major fimbrial structural proteins (MrkA and FimA) are discussed.     

Purification and characterization of the inactive MoFe protein (NifB-Kp1) of the nitrogenase from nifB mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The inactive MoFe protein of nitrogenase, NifB-Kp1, from two distinct nifB mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Kp5058 (a nifB point mutant) and UNF1718 (a nifB, nifJ double mutant) has been purified and characterized. NifB-Kp1 can be activated by reaction with the iron-molybdenum cofactor, FeMoco, extracted from active MoFe protein. NifB-Kp1 purified from either source had similar properties and was contaminated with an approximately equimolar amount of protein of mol.wt. 21 000. Like active wild-type Kp1, it was an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer, but it was far less stable than Kp1, deteriorating rapidly at temperatures above 8 degrees C or on mild oxidation. NifB-Kp1 preparations contained 0.4-0.9 Mo and 9.0 +/- 0.9 Fe atoms . mol-1 and, when activated by FeMoco, had a specific activity of approx. 500 units . mg-1. The Mo in our preparations was not associated with the e.p.r. signal normally observed from FeMoco. All preparations exhibited a weak gav. = 1.95 e.p.r. signal which was probably not associated with activatable protein.     

Starvation and nutrient resuscitation of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from oil well waters

Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from oil well waters reduced in size in response to nutrient starvation. The cells remained viable during starvation and later were able to grow rapidly when stimulated by nutrients. The heterotrophic potential, culture absorbance and extracellular polysaccharide production decreased during cell starvation whereas an initial increase in colony-forming units was observed on agar plates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after 24 d revealed that the cells had changed to small rods or cocci between 0.5 by 0.25 μm and 0.87 by 0.55 μm. When transferred to half-strength brain heart infusion medium, TEM showed cell division and rod-shaped cells after 45 min and full resuscitation within 4 h. Cell response was much slower in sodium citrate medium and resuscitation took 8 h.     

Starvation and nutrient resuscitation of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from oil well waters

Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from oil well waters reduced in size in response to nutrient starvation. The cells remained viable during starvation and later were able to grow rapidly when stimulated by nutrients. The heterotrophic potential, culture absorbance and extracellular polysaccharide production decreased during cell starvation whereas an initial increase in colony-forming units was observed on agar plates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after 24 d revealed that the cells had changed to small rods or cocci between 0.5 by 0.25 micron and 0.87 by 0.55 micron. When transferred to half-strength brain heart infusion medium, TEM showed cell division and rod-shaped cells after 45 min and full resuscitation within 4 h. Cell response was much slower in sodium citrate medium and resuscitation took 8 h.