幽门螺杆菌hpaA基因RFLP研究*

用限制性片段长度多态性 (RFLP)的方法评价幽门螺杆菌不同菌株鞭毛粘附素基因(hpaA)的变异性。PCR扩增 9株幽门螺杆菌 710bp的hpaA基因 ,用HhaⅠ、HaeⅢ限制性内切酶对该基因片段进行酶切分析。hpaA基因HaeIII单酶切可见 4种带型 ,HhaI单酶切出现 5种带型。从临床分离的H. pylori菌株hpaARFLP互有差异 ,且不同于国际标准菌株 ;临床分     

近交系小鼠线粒体DNA多态性的研究

目的　分析BALB/c等八个近交系小鼠线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的多态性 ,探讨近交系小鼠的遗传监测方法。方法　PCR -RFLP技术 ,即PCR技术结合限制性内切酶片段长度多态分析 (restrictionfragmentlengthPolymorphism ,RFLP)。结果　mtDNAD -Loop、tR NAIle GIN Met、ND3基因片段经HaeⅢ、HinfⅠ、EcoRV、HindⅢ、HpaⅠ、BamHⅠ、ApaⅠ、NdeⅡ、XhoⅠ、XbaⅠ、AluⅠ、RsaⅠ、StuⅠ、DraⅠ、AvaⅠ、HaeⅡ 16种内切酶分别消化后 ,BALB/c、C3H、C57BL/ 6J、T739、DBA/ 2、TA2、6 15、BALB/c -nu/nu等小鼠均表现出相同的酶切格局 ,未发现多态性。结论　BALB/c、C3H、C57BL/ 6J、T739、DBA/ 2、TA2、6 15、BALB/c -nu/nu等近交系小鼠遗传背景较为狭窄 ,不同品系小鼠间遗传背景的差异远远低于动物种属间的差异     

三大不同品种马mtDNA Cytb基因的PCR-RFLP分析

用BamHⅠ、TaqⅠ、HaeⅢ、RsaⅠ和HincⅡ5种限制性内切酶通过PCR-RFLP技术检测了包括引入品种、培育品种和地方品种的6个类型共256匹马的mtDNA Cytb基因部分序列多态性。用8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳将酶切产物分离,并用银染法显色。结果BamHⅠ和TaqⅠ表现出多态,5种酶共检测到7种态型,归纳为3种单倍型,以单倍型Ⅰ和Ⅲ为主体单倍型,但通过一个特殊的酶型BamHⅠ-B分析推测所研究的马起源于一个母系祖先。     

油藏水样细菌群落16S rRNA基因的RFLP分析

通过16S rRNA基因的限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析(RFLP)方法,考察了油藏水样中细菌群落及多样性。从水样中分离纯化微生物总DNA,选择性扩增细菌16S rRNA基因,并构建16S rDNA克隆文库。337个16S rDNA克隆片段分别用限制性内切酶HinfⅠ和HaeⅢ酶切分析,得到74个操作分类单元(OTUs),其中数量最多的4个OTUs共占克隆子总数的73.6%,另外70个OTUs的丰度均处于较低水平,有57个OTUs仅含有1个克隆子。结果表明,运用RFLP方法分析16S rDNA克隆片段能够有效评估油藏水样中的细菌群落和多样性。     

幽门螺杆菌全长基因cagA扩增及限制性酶切片段多态性研究

目的 建立扩增幽门螺杆菌全长cagA基因的方法并对扩增的原因进行限制性酶切片段长度多态性（RFLP）进行初步研究。方法 采用巢式PCR与TD－PCR结合的方法扩增cagA,运用EcoRI T HindⅢ酶切PCR产物。结果 20例标本中有13例的目的基因片段得到了扩增并得到了相应的EFLP指纹图谱。结论 （1）我们所建立的方法能较好地扩增cagA全长基因。（2)cagA基因含有重复序列,并显示RFLP的多样性。     

基于PCR-RFLP技术鉴定常见食源性致病菌

根据细菌核糖体基因16S rRNA保守端400 bp大小区段特征设计引物,应用聚合酶链式反应连接的限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法建立一种新型灵敏的食源性致病菌鉴定技术。首先用特异性引物对9属19种细菌基因进行PCR扩增,扩增产物应用7种限制性内切酶Eco52Ⅰ、HindⅢ、MboⅠ、MluⅠ、PstⅠ、SalⅠ和XbaⅠ进行消化酶切,再利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳分辨酶切DNA片段大小数目,分析不同种属细菌酶切产物态型,从而进行基因型鉴别,针对16S rRNA基因片段利用RFLP进行分析,结果表明:19种致病菌表现出10种特异性的RFLP图谱,可准确鉴定区分9属细菌,最低检测限可以达到1 pg/μL。这证明PCR-RFLP技术可用于常见食源性致病菌的快速鉴定。     

属特异性T-RFLP技术用于乳酸杆菌的群落分析

【目的】设计乳酸杆菌属特异性T-RFLP技术(末端限制性片段长度多态性分析)对14株乳酸杆菌进行分型。【方法】采用源于16S-23S rRNA基因间隔区序列的乳酸杆菌属特异性引物LAB-rev,乳酸杆菌的属特异性引物,6-FAM荧光标记后结合16S上游通用引物7f用于乳酸杆菌的PCR扩增。【结果】选取HaeⅢ和HhaⅠ进行限制性酶切,最后对酶切后的产物末端测序得到T-RFLP峰谱图,该图谱能够快速准确地对不同种的乳酸杆菌进行定性、定量的分析。【结论】实验成功搭建T-RFLP技术用于微生态环境中乳酸杆菌检测的平台,对于在功能性食品、乳酸饮料和药物对肠道微生态的影响及菌种鉴定等领域有重大意义。     

逆转录—聚合酶链反应结合限制性片段长度多态性分析对我国肾综合征出血热病毒分型的研究

建立准确、快速、灵敏的汉坦病毒基因分型方法,可弥补传统血清学方法的不足,对防治该病毒所致的肾综合征出血热（HFRS）具有重要意义。本试验采用逆转录－聚合酶反应（RT－PCR）和限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）和限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）方法,对流行于我国的两型汉坦病毒代表株－汉滩型（HTNV）76－118 和汉城型（SEOV）R22株进行基因分析。根据病毒DNA序列的电脑软件分析。不同HFRSV囊膜糖蛋白编码基因M节段1199－1497间核苷酸序列上RsaI,TaqI和HindⅢ的酶切位点存在差异（Fig.I),可用于进行限制性内切酶基因多态性分析,以确定HFRV的型别。首先,以一对引物扩增该片段（Fig.2)。然后,分析用这三种内切酶（Fig.3,4,5)进行酶切分型,共分析了从我国不同地区,不同宿主分离的毒株18株,及国际标准毒株2株,酶切图谱显示,这些毒株可以被分为三组（Table.a)：9株可定为HTNV型,8株可定为SEOV型,3株无法确定其型别（X型）,该法分型结构与血清学经典的空斑减数中和试验分型结构基本一致,说明该酶切分型方法具有一定的可行性。     

大猿叶虫四地理种群的PCR-RFLP方法鉴别及遗传多样性分析

为了明确大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly的遗传多样性水平及探索其种群快速鉴定的方法, 利用 7种限制性内切酶对其4个地理种群（江西龙南、江西修水、山东泰安、黑龙江哈尔滨）的线粒体COⅠ基因进行PCR-RFLP分析。结果表明: 利用AseⅠ, MboⅠ, NlaⅢ和RsaⅠ在大猿叶虫4个地理种群中均没检测到多态性; 利用AluⅠ和DraⅠ只检测到种群间的多态性; 利用HaeⅢ既检测到了种群间的多态性, 又在山东种群中检测到种群内多态性。根据酶切图谱, 共发现4种单倍型, 单倍型的特异性可以作为种群鉴别的标志。根据限制性片段共享度, 利用POPGEN 3.2计算4个种群的遗传距离, 并利用MEGA3.1进行聚类分析, 结果显示,大猿叶虫4个地理种群间的遗传距离大小与其相对地理距离的远近不相符, 其遗传变异程度与其滞育的特征也不相符。据此认为线粒体COⅠ基因的PCR-RFLP分析可以用于大猿叶虫不同地理种群的识别。     

深港两地工程土壤细菌多样性的T-RFLP分析

目的:建立一种高效的末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)方法,检测工程土壤细菌。方法:以深圳和香港两地不同土层(0.5,10,20和30 m)的工程土壤为研究对象,提取并纯化总DNA,利用细菌16S r DNA基因通用引物8f-FAM/1492r进行PCR扩增,扩增产物分别用HhaⅠ、HaeⅢ和MspⅠ限制性内切酶酶切,酶切产物经毛细管电泳测序,序列上传至数据库进行分析。结果:经过比对分析,香港段土壤中大约存在细菌141属,235种;深圳段大约存在132属,206种;32个细菌种属只在香港土壤中有分布,3个细菌种属只在深圳土壤中有分布;植物病原细菌有14个种属。结论:建立的T-RFLP方法能够高效、快速地分析工程土壤细菌。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.