Direct physical formation of anatomical structures by cell traction forces. An interview with Albert Harris by Lev Beloussov

Albert Harris was educated at The Norfolk Academy, Norfolk, Virginia, USA (1961). He then earned a Batchelor of Arts Degree in Biology from Swarthmore College, in Pennsylvania, USA (1965), followed by a Ph.D. in Biology (1971) from Yale University, where his Dissertation Advisor was the great John Phillip Trinkaus. He held a Damon-Runyon Postdoctoral Fellowship in Cancer Research in 1970-72, under Michael Abercrombie, FRS, at the Strangeways Research Laboratory of Cambridge University, England. Then he accepted a position as Assistant Professor in the Zoology Department of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, N.C. USA. In 1977, he was promoted to Associate Professor of Zoology, and in 1983 was promoted to Full Professor of Biology. In Oct.-Nov. 1991 he was honored to be Distinguished Visiting Professor of Zoology at the University of California at Davis.     

William Campbell Dickison: A biographical tribute and bibliography

William Campbell Dickison, professor of biology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and internationally noted plant anatomist and morphologist, died on 22 November 1999. This tribute chronicles his life journey and elucidates his accomplishments in and contributions to botany.     

Weaving New Worlds: Southeastern Cherokee Women and Their Basketry

Weaving New Worlds: Southeastern Cherokee Women and Their Basketry. Sarah H. Hill. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997. 414pp.     

Image and archetype: Male and female as metaphor in the thought of card G. Jung and Ogotemmêli of the dogon

Norris Brock Johnson is Associate Professor of Anthropology, at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.     

The Minds of the West: Ethnocultural Evolution in the Rural Middle West, 1830-1917

The Minds of the West: Ethnocultural Evolution in the Rural Middle West, 1830-1917. Jon Gjerde. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997. 426 pp.     

The American South in a Global World

The American South in a Global World. James L. Peacock, Harry L. Watson, and Carrie R. Matthews, eds. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005. 299 pp.     

Dancing the Nation

Paper Tangos. Julie Taylor. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998. 121pp.
The Mystery of Samba: Popular Music and National Identity in Brazil. Hermano Vianna. John Charles Chasteen, ed. and trans. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. 147 pp.     

STUDIES OF THE MOTILE CELLS OF CHYTRIDS. III. MAJOR TYPES

Koch , William J. (U. North Carolina, Chapel Hill.) Studies of the motile cells of chytrids, III. Major types. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(9): 786–788. Illus. 1961.—Six major types of chytrid motile cells are recognized on the basis of the internal parts present and their appearances and arrangements. Eighteen species are placed in these 6 types.     

Normal serum cytotoxicity for P32-labeled smooth Enterobacteriaceae. II. Fate of macromolecular and lipid phosphorus of damaged cells

Spitznagel, John K. (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill). Normal serum cytotoxicity for P(32)-labeled smooth Enterobacteriaceae. II. Fate of macromolecular and lipid phosphorus of damaged cells. J. Bacteriol. 91:148-152. 1966.-Fresh, normal adult guinea pig serum released micro- and macromolecular forms of metabolically incorporated P(32) from smooth Escherichia coli. A significant amount of P(32)-labeled phospholipid was also released. The overall acid solubility distribution of the P(32) label in bacterial suspensions was very little affected in fresh serum, although P(32)-labeled cytoplasmic contents and cell walls of E. coli lost some P(32) when they were suspended in fresh or heat-inactivated normal serum. These findings confirmed and extended earlier evidence that the peripheral wall and membrane structures of smooth E. coli are extensively damaged by factors in fresh normal serum.     

People Out of Place: Unquiet Immigrants

Legalizing Moves: Salvadoran Immigrants' Struggle for U.S. Residency . Susan Bibler Coutin. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003. 228 pp.
The Maya of Morganton: Work and Community in the Nuevo New South . Leon Fink. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. 254 pp.
The Children of NAFTA: Labor Wars on the U.S./Mexico Border . David Bacon. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. 348 pp.     

New Anthropological Perspectives on Southeastern Indians

Signs of Cherokee Culture: Sequoyah's Syllabary in Eastern Cherokee Life. Margaret Bender. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. 187 pp.
Southern Indians and Anthropologists: Culture, Politics, and Identity. Lisa J. Lefler and Frederic W. Gleach. eds. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2002. 151 pp.
Blood Politics: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. Circe Sturm. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. 249 pp.     

Cationic proteins of polymorphonuclear leukocyte lysosomes. I. Resolution of antibacterial and enzymatic activities

Zeya, H. I. (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill), and J. K. Spitznagel. Cationic proteins of polymorphonuclear leukocyte lysosomes. I. Resolution of antibacterial and enzymatic activities. J. Bacteriol. 91:750-754. 1966.-A lysosomal fraction from polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes of guinea pig peritoneal exudate was subjected directly to electrophoresis on cellulose acetate paper treated with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide. The Iysosomal components resolved into seven bands moving towards the cathode. Assay of the eluted bands showed that the antibacterial activity was distinct from lysosomal enzymes and was associated with three cationic components (bands I, II, and III) which migrated most rapidly towards the cathode, ahead of lysozyme ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease. Qualitatively, the antibacterial components appeared to be rich in arginine. The antibacterial components were absent in the pherograms of nuclear fractions of PMN leukocytes and in supernatant fractions that remained after lysosomes were removed from cell homogenates by centrifugation at 8,000 x g.     

The mitotic apparatus of a zygomycete,Phycomyces blakesleeanus

Summary A novel type of mitotic apparatus is described in Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Its spindle consists of a pole-to-pole bundle of regularly spaced microtubules which terminally insert in an electron-opaque knob projection from the inner nuclear membrane. The poles are not determined by centrioles or any centriole-equivalent extranuclear structures. The structural details of the Zygomycete mitosis are discussed as to their possible functions and are compared with those of the mitotic apparatuses of other fungal groups.The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the excellent technical help of Miss Sigrid Krien. The present work was part of the Botany course of advanced students of the Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg i. Br. We thank also Drs. Charles Bracker (Purdue University, Lafayette, U.S.A.), Max Delbrück (California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, U.S.A.), Heinz Falk, Rainer Hertel, Ulrich Scheer and Peter Sitte (Institute of Biology II, III, University of Freiburg i. Br.) for various support and helpful discussions. We thank Dr. R. M. Brown (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.) for information on unpublished data.     

Sympodiomyces gen. n., a yeast-like organism from southern marine waters

Sympodiomyces gen. n. is described with the single speciesSympodiomyces parvus sp. n. The distinguishing characteristic of this yeast-like genus is the method of asexual reproduction: conidia are produced on a conidiophore that develops sympodially. A sexual stage has not been observed, therefore the genus is placed among the Fungi Imperfecti, family Cryptococcaceae.Contribution No. 1364 from the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Florida.The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Jan Kohlmeyer, Univ. of North Carolina, Morehead City, North Carolina; Dr. R. T. Moore, North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh; Dr. H. J. Phaff, Univ. of California at Davis; Miss W. Ch. Slooff and Mr. D. Yarrow, CBS, Delft, Netherlands; Dr. K.Tubaki, Institute for Fermentation, Osaka, Japan; and Dr. J. A. von Arx, C.B.S., Baarn, for examining cultures ofS. parvus. Dr. D. P. Rogers, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill, prepared the generic Latin diagnosis. Mr. Steven Y. Newell and Mr. A. Weiner, Univ. of Miami, assisted in obtainingEltanin collections. This study was supported by the National Science Foundation through the Office of Antarctic Programs Grant No. GA 13675.     

The fine structure of the pit connections ofBatrachospermum sirodotii skuja

Summary A new type of pit connection is described in the fresh water red algaBatrachospermum sirodotii and reported inTuomeya sp. consisting of a doughnut-shaped pit ring with a central pore that is occluded by a rivet-shaped pit plug. This structure occurs in pit connections between cells of the indeterminant axes and also cells of whorled assimilatory branches of limited growth, the pleuridia, but not between axial cells and the basal cells of the pleuridia, the periaxial cells. The pit plug and pit ring ultimately break down in pit connections of the main axis reopening the septal pore to intercellular cytoplasmic connection between vegetative axial cells. A similar breakdown of pit connections may also occur in the pleuridia. The functioning of a truncated cone-shaped network of endoplasmic reticulum in the development of the pit connection is described.This report represents a portion of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of a Doctor of Philosophy degree, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.     

Normal serum cytotoxicity for P32-labeled smooth Enterobacteriaceae. I. Loss of label, death, and ultrastructural damage

Spitznagel, John K. (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill), and Lawrence A. Wilson. Normal serum cytotoxicity for P(32)-labeled smooth Enterobacteriaceae. I. Loss of label, death, and ultrastructural damage. J. Bacteriol. 91:393-400. 1966.-Metabolically labeled smooth Escherichia coli lost between 10 and 90% of P(32), compared with control suspensions, when suspended for 60 min in normal serum at 37 C. Similar results were obtained with several other genera of Enterobacteriaceae. The structural nature of the cell injury in E. coli was shown by electron microscopic examination of ultrathin sections. Complex injury which included all peripheral cell structures occurred and various degrees of cytoplasmic loss resulted. Injured bacteria retained their essential shape and did not collapse, evidently because sufficient rigid cell wall remained to prevent this. The cell damage was more like that reported with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid lysozyme than that reported with growth in penicillin. Damage sufficient to cause rupture of peripheral structures was unique in that it involved only localized areas of cell wall and left large sections relatively intact. The loss of P(32) in the fresh normal serum was closely related to bacterial viability loss.     

Abstracts

BIOFEEDBACK AND SELF‐CONTROL, 1970. Edited by Theodore Barber, Leo V. Di‐Cara, Joe Kamiya, Neal E. Miller, David Shapiro, and Johann Stoyva. Aldine Press, Chicago, 1971. 546 pp. $12.00.

INSANITY AND IDIOCY IN MASSACHUSETTS. REPORT OF THE COMMISSION ON LUNACY, 1855: By Edward Jarvis. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1971. 213 pp. $9.00.

METRIC TRENDS IN HOMINID DENTAL EVOLUTION: By Milford H. Wolpoff. Studies in Anthropology No. 2, Case Western Reserve University Press, Cleveland, 1971. 244 pp. $5.95.

CULTURE AND POPULATION: A COLLECTION OF CURRENT STUDIES: Edited by Steven Polgar. Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1971. 19S pp. $1.50, paperback.

AN INTRODUCTION TO ANTHROPOLOGY: By Ralph L. Beals and Harry Hoijer. Fourth Edition. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1971. 711 pp. $10.95.

CARMICHAEL'S MANUAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY. Edited by Paul H. Mussen. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1970. Two vols: Vol. 1, 1519 pp., $30.00; Vol. 2, 782 pp., $20.00. The set: $40.00.

MATHEMATICAL TOPICS IN POPULATION GENETICS: Edited by Ken‐ichi Kojima. Springer‐Verlag. New York, 1970. 400 pp. $18.70.

AMERICAN DAWN. A NEW MODEL OF AMERICAN PREHISTORY: By Louis A. Brennan. MacMillan, New York, 1970. 390 pp. $8.95.

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL GENETICS: Edited by Arthur G. Steinberg and Alexander G. Bearn. Vol. 7. Grune and Stratton, New York, 1970. 243 pp. $16.50.

CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS: Edited by F. Clarke Fraser and V. A. McKusick. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, New York, 1970. 450 pp. $27.00.

THE HUMAN PLACENTA: By J. D. Boyd and W. J. Hamilton, W. Heffer and Sons Ltd., Cambridge, 1970. 365 pp. $43.83.

DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION: Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organization Technical Report Series No. 449, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1970. 28 pp. $0.60.

MULTIPURPOSE SEROLOGICAL SURVEYS AND WHO SERUM REFERENCE BANKS: Report of a WHO Scientific Group. World Health Organization Technical Report Series No. 454. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1970. $1.75. 95 pp.

MENTAL HEALTH OF ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG PERSONS. REPORT ON A TECHNICAL CONFERENCE: By A. R. May, J. H. Kahn, and B. Cronholm. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1971. 72 pp. $1.75.

BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: Report of a WHO Scientific Group. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1970. 35 pp. $1.00.

EVOLUTION BY GENE DUPLICATION: By Susumu Ohno. Springer‐Verlag, New York‐Heidelberg‐Berlin, 1970. 160 pp. Hard cover, $9.90.

SYMBIOSIS. ORGANISMS LIVING TOGETHER: By Thomas C. Cheng. Pegasus, New York, 1970. 250 pp. $6.95 ($2.25, paperback).

MARIHUANA RECONSIDERED: By Lester Grinspoon. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1971. 443 pp. $9.95.

THE KHANNA STUDY: POPULATION PROBLEMS IN THE RURAL PUNJAB: By John B. Wyon and John E. Gordon. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1971. 437 pp. $14.00.     

CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN UMBELLIFERAE. II

Bell , C. Ritchie (U. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.), and Lincoln Constance . Chromosome Numbers in Umbelliferae. II. Amer. Jour. Bot. 47(1) : 24-32. Illus. 1960.–Chromosome numbers are reported for plants representing an additional 100 taxa of Umbelliferae. Chromosome numbers for 77 of these taxa are published here for the first time, previously published chromosome numbers of 19 taxa are verified, and numbers differing from those previously published are reported in 4 instances. Ten of the genera included here have been previously unknown cytologically. Polyploidy has been discovered in Bowlesia and confirmed in Pimpinella. Aneuploid series appear to occur in Eremocharis, Eryngium, Oenanthe, Perideridia, and Ptilimnium. Every chromosome count is referable to a cited herbarium specimen.     

Book reviews

Walter A. Jackson, GUNNAR MYRDAL AND AMERICA'S CONSCIENCE: SOCIAL ENGINEERING AND RACIAL LIBERALISM, 1938–1987, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1990, xxi + 447pp., $38.45.

Sissela Bok, ALVA MYRDAL: A DAUGHTER'S MEMOIR, Reading, MA: Addison‐Wesley Publishing Co., 1991, xvi + 375pp., $22.00 and $12.95 (paper).

David W. Southern, GUNNAR MYRDAL AND BLACK WHITE RELATIONS: THE USE AND ABUSE OF AN AMERICAN DILEMMA 1944–1969, Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1987, xviii + 338pp., $37.50.

Elazar Barkan, THE RETREAT FROM SCIENTIFIC RACISM: CHANGING CONCEPTS OF RACE IN BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES BETWEEN THE WORLD WARS, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, xxii + 508pp., £37.50.

Dorothy Ross, THE ORIGINS OF AMERICAN SOCIAL SCIENCE, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, xxii + 508pp., £35.00 and £16.95 (paper).