缺血再灌注对大鼠肾脏足细胞podocin的表达影响及意义

目的:观察SD大鼠缺血再灌注肾损伤足细胞表面相关蛋白(podocin)表达的变化,探讨podocin分子在足细胞损伤中的作用.方法:60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(S组)30只和模型组(M组)30只,各组又分为lh、3h、6h、12h、24h、48h六个亚组,每个亚组各5只.采用Westemblot蛋白印迹法检测肾皮质足细胞podocin蛋白表达.并观察各组血肌酐、尿素氮的变化.结果:与S组相比,肾缺血再灌注损伤后,M组尿素氮于6h开始升高,且48h达高峰(P＜0.05);血肌酐48 h才升高(P＜0.05).Podocin 蛋白在3h表达开始下降,以后随缺血再灌注时间的延长podocin蛋白的表达逐渐下降,且48h组下降最明显(P＜0.01).结论:(1)缺血再灌注肾损伤时大鼠肾功明显发生改变,尿素氮早期开始升高,血肌酐晚期升高明显,说明造模成功.(2)大鼠肾脏足细胞podocin的蛋白表达随着缺血再灌注时间的延长而改变,早期下降不明显,3h组开始逐渐下降,48h组下降最明显.此结果表明podocin蛋白在肾脏缺血再灌注肾损伤表达减少.我们可以推想在缺血再灌注肾损伤时,podocin随缺血时间延长而表达逐渐减少的同时,也破坏了与足细胞相关蛋白之间的联系,这种关系的破坏最终导致足细胞受损.通过对足细胞表面蛋白podocin的研究,对将来肾脏足细胞损伤的防治提供新的思路.     

α3β1整合素在糖尿病大鼠肾脏的表达及其与足细胞减少的关系

目的动态观察1型糖尿病大鼠肾小球足细胞及粘附分子α3β1整合素表达的时相变化,探讨α3β1整合素与足细胞减少,蛋白尿发生的关系。方法以1型糖尿病大鼠为动物模型,于第2,4,6,8,12周以肾小球足细胞表面标志物肾母细胞瘤抑制基因（Wilm’Stumorl,WTl）水平检测足细胞密度变化,同时以免疫比浊法检测大鼠24h尿微量白蛋白水平,及RT—PCR法测定各组大鼠肾皮质α3β1整合素mRNA的表达水平。结果与对照组相比,糖尿病大鼠从2周起出现明显的足细胞密度减低,24h尿量和尿微量白蛋白增加,4周开始出现血尿素氮升高,8周开始出现血清肌酐升高,并且随着病程进展,足细胞密度和24h尿微量白蛋白水平变化更加明显。α3β1整合素mRNA水平从第2周起比正常对照组明显降低,而在4周、8周和12周并没有呈现持续的减少。结论在糖尿病肾病早期,α3β1整合素水平降低可能是导致足细胞减少和蛋白尿发生的主要原因,而随着糖尿病病程进展,可能有其他机制参与,从而导致了糖尿病肾病足细胞减少、蛋白尿发生和肾小球损伤的进展。     

雷帕霉素对糖尿病肾病大鼠足细胞生物学行为及mTOR信号通路的影响

为了探究雷帕霉素对糖尿病肾病大鼠足细胞生物学行为及哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR）信号通路的影响,采用链脲霉素腹腔注射构建糖尿病肾病大鼠模型,将正常大鼠体内取出的足细胞设为对照组,模型大鼠体内取出的足细胞设为糖尿病肾病模型组（DN组）,取2 mg·kg^-1雷帕霉素干预DN组足细胞,并将其设为雷帕霉素组（RAPA组）。采用3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2）-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐[3-（4,5-dimethylthiahiazo-z-y1）-2,5-diphenytetrazoliumromide,MTT]法检测足细胞增殖水平,Transwell检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡水平,Western blot法检测上皮-间充质转化标志物[E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）、N-钙黏蛋白（N-cadherin）、波形纤维蛋白（vimentin）]、mTOR和核糖体S6激酶1（S6K1）蛋白表达水平。结果显示,与对照组相比,DN组细胞增殖水平显著被抑制,细胞迁移、侵袭水平显著升高,细胞凋亡率显著增加,上皮-间充转标志物E-cadherin表达显著下调,N-cadherin和Vimentin表达显著上调,mTOR/S6K1信号通路被显著活化（P<0.05）。与DN组相比,RAPA组细胞增殖水平显著升高,细胞迁移、侵袭水平显著降低,细胞凋亡率显著降低,E-cadherin表达显著上调,N-cadherin和Vimentin表达显著下调,mTOR和S6K1的蛋白表达显著被抑制（P<0.05）。结果表明,雷帕霉素通过抑制mTOR信号通路,促进足细胞体外增殖,抑制细胞迁移、侵袭、凋亡和上皮-间充质转化,发挥对糖尿病肾病大鼠足细胞的保护作用。     

肾素-血管紧张素系统在糖尿病肾病肾脏足细胞损伤中的作用

糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)作为诱发终末期肾脏病(end-stage renal disease,ESRD)的主要原因,至今其病理机制仍不十分清楚.DKD病程中蛋白尿持续增多并伴随肾素-血管紧张素系统(renin-angiotensin system,RAS)过度激活.阻断RAS能改善蛋白尿,有良好的临床肾脏保护作用.足细胞表达RAS的各成员,作为肾小球滤过的最后屏障,其损伤与蛋白尿的发生关系密切.本文就RAS与足细胞损伤在DKD病理中作用作一简单综述.     

Podocin蛋白对肾小球足细胞的影响

目的：探讨肾小球足细胞裂隙膜蛋白podocin对足细胞形态及蛋白尿的影响.方法：32只体重160g～220g的雄性SD大鼠按阿霉素给药剂量随机分成小剂量组（3.0mg/Kg）、肾病剂量组（7.5mg/Kg）、超剂量组（10.0mg/Kg）、正常对照组.于给药第三周末处死大鼠,用氯化苄乙氧铵比浊法检测大鼠24h尿蛋白量,用免疫胶体金电镜检测大鼠肾小球蛋白podocin的表达和足细胞形态.结果：阿霉素组大鼠24h尿蛋白排泄量明显高于正常对照组,尤以肾病组最明显（P＜0.05）;正常对照组大鼠podocin分布在靠近肾小球基底膜（GBM）的足突基底部,主要定位于裂隙隔膜的胞质面,部分金颗粒也可发现于GBM稍远的足突细胞表面.肾病组肾小球足突广泛融合,免疫胶体金颗粒几乎见不到;超剂量组和小剂量组podocin分布在靠近肾小球基底膜（GBM）的足突基底部,免疫胶体金颗粒数明显少于正常对照组,有部分足突退缩.结论：（1）podocin表达减少或消失可能是导致肾小球足突细胞融合的关键因素（2）蛋白尿的发生与肾小球足细胞裂隙膜蛋白podocin的减少或缺失有关.     

C肽对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的影响

比较C肽和胰岛素对大鼠糖尿病肾病的治疗作用。方法:选取Wistar大鼠40只,分为正常对照组(NG组)和糖尿病组(DM组),糖尿病组链脲佐菌素诱发大鼠成模后,随机分为三组:糖尿病组(DM组)、胰岛素组(IG组)和C肽组(ICG组)。治疗8周后测定各组大鼠24小时尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、肾重/体重,并观察糖尿病大鼠肾脏超微结构变化。结果:24小时尿白蛋白排泄率:糖尿病组明显增加,C肽组明显低于糖尿病组和胰岛素组,差异具有显著性。大鼠肾脏超微结构变化:各组大鼠肾小球截面积、肾小球平均体积(MGV)、细胞外基质/肾小球截面积比值、细胞外基质截面积、肾小球基底膜厚度相比,糖尿病组明显升高,C肽组较胰岛素组和糖尿病组明显下降,差异具有显著性。结论:C肽治疗可以降低24小时尿白蛋白排泄率,改善糖尿病大鼠肾脏超微结构病变。     

黄芪皂苷Ⅱ对STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠的肾脏保护作用研究

摘要 目的：研究黄芪皂苷Ⅱ（Astragaloside-Ⅱ, AS-Ⅱ）对链脲佐菌素（Streptozocin,STZ）诱导的糖尿病肾病（Diabetic nephrology,DN）大鼠肾脏的保护作用。方法：将8周龄雄性SD（Sprague-Dawley）大鼠随机选取5只作为正常对照组,其余大鼠予腹腔注射55 mg/kg剂量STZ建立糖尿病模型。造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组与AS-Ⅱ 治疗组,每组5只。AS-Ⅱ 治疗组予AS-Ⅱ 3.2mg/(kgod）连续口服灌胃治疗9周,同时正常对照组和模型组给予等量生理盐水溶液灌胃。第9周末,收集大鼠24 h尿液测定尿微量白蛋白浓度,留取肾脏组织观察肾脏病理改变并检测肾组织中足细胞裂孔隔膜蛋白Nephrin、WT1和caspase-3的表达。结果：与糖尿病模型组比较, AS-Ⅱ 治疗组DN大鼠肾脏病理损伤明显改善, caspase-3表达明显减少,Nephrin和WT1表达增加,尿蛋白排泄减轻( P＜0. 05)。结论：AS-Ⅱ 治疗可改善DN大鼠肾脏足细胞凋亡,降低尿蛋白,具有肾脏保护作用。     

PKC抑制剂对力竭运动大鼠肾脏裂孔膜蛋白表达的影响*

目的: 观察大鼠在一次性力竭运动后肾脏裂孔膜蛋白的表达水平,探究PKC抑制剂对其蛋白表达水平的影响,揭示PKC在运动性蛋白尿形成中的作用机制。方法: SD雄性大鼠30只随机分为对照组(C)、运动组(E)、运动联合PKC抑制剂组(EPI),每组10只。E组和EPI组大鼠分别进行一次性跑台力竭运动(25 m/min),EPI组大鼠运动前1 d及1 h腹腔注射PKC抑制剂白屈菜红碱(chelerythrine,5 mg/kg),C组和E组注射相应体积的生理盐水。运动后即刻麻醉后,取血液、尿液及肾脏组织,使用化学比色法检测尿蛋白、尿酸、尿糖、血尿素、血尿酸、血糖水平,使用荧光探针法检测肾脏ROS水平,使用Western blot法检测肾脏PKC、Nox2、Nox4、nephrin、podocin蛋白表达。结果: ①与C组相比,E组尿蛋白、尿酸、尿糖、血尿素、血尿酸显著增多(P＜0.05),血糖显著减少(P＜0.01),肾脏ROS生成显著增多(P＜0.01),肾脏nephrin、podocin蛋白表达明显降低(P＜0.05),PKC、Nox2、Nox4蛋白表达明显增多(P＜0.05);②与E组比,EPI组尿蛋白、尿糖、血尿素显著减少(P＜0.05),血糖显著增加(P＜ 0.01),肾脏ROS生成显著降低(P＜0.01),EPI组肾组织中nephrin、podocin蛋白表达明显增加(P＜0.05),PKC、Nox2蛋白表达明显降低(P＜0.05)。结论: 一次性力竭运动通过PKC/NOX/ROS途径使大鼠肾脏裂孔膜蛋白nephrin、podocin表达下调;PKC抑制剂缓解力竭运动导致的肾脏裂孔膜蛋白表达下降,预防运动性蛋白尿的发生。     

抗坏血酸对糖尿病肾脏足细胞的作用及机制探讨

目的：研究抗坏血酸对糖尿病大鼠肾小球滤过屏障最外层足细胞的作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病大鼠模型,经抗坏血酸治疗5周后,测定血糖（BG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、24 h尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）、肾皮质超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和丙二醛（MDA）水平,并观察足细胞超微结构,检测足细胞损伤标志-desmin蛋白的表达。结果：与正常对照组大鼠比较,糖尿病组大鼠血BG、HbA1c显著增高,肾皮质SOD、CAT活性显著降低,MDA含量、肾小球内desmin蛋白表达明显增加,足细胞足突融合显著,UAER显著升高（均P〈0.05）;与糖尿病组大鼠比较,在血BG、HbA1c无明显差异条件下（均P〉0.05）,抗坏血酸可明显增加糖尿病大鼠肾皮质SOD活性,降低肾皮质MDA含量和desmin蛋白表达水平,并显著减轻足细胞足突融合,减少UAER（均P〈0.05）,肾皮质CAT活性虽有一定程度增高但差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论：糖尿病大鼠肾小球滤过屏障最外层足细胞有明显损害,补充抗坏血酸对足细胞起保护作用,其机制可能与增强肾脏抗氧化能力,减轻肾脏氧化应激有关。     

葛根素对糖尿病大鼠肾功能及肾组织MMP-3、TIMP-1表达的影响

目的 探讨葛根素对糖尿病大鼠肾小球结构、功能及肾组织基质金属蛋白酶3(MMP-3)、组织抑制剂1(TIMP-1)表达的影响。方法 腹腔注射链脲佐菌素诱发大鼠糖尿病模型,每日ip葛根素注射液,共16周。采用原位杂交法检测肾小球TIMP-1 mRNA表达,流式细胞术和免疫组化检测肾皮质MMP-3、TIMP-1及Ⅳ型胶原、层粘连蛋白表达。结果 糖尿病组较对照组肾小球TIMP-l mRNA及蛋白表达增加,MMP-3、TIMP-1及Ⅳ型胶原、层粘连蛋白表达亦增加;葛根素用药组较糖尿病组TIMP-1 mRNA、蛋白及MMP-3、Ⅳ型胶原、层粘连蛋白表达减少。结论 葛根素对糖尿病大鼠肾功能、形态的影响具有保护作用,除降低血糖外,调节肾小球MMP-3、TIMP-1表达式从而减轻肾小球细胞外基质沉积也可能是其作用途径之一。     

Advanced oxidation protein products decrease expression of nephrin and podocin in podocytes via ROS-dependent activation of p38 MAPK

Accumulation of plasma advanced oxidation protein products(AOPPs) promotes progression of proteinuria and glomerulo-sclerosis.To investigate the molecular basis of AOPPs-induced proteinuria,normal Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with AOPPs-modified rat serum albumin.The expression of glomerular podocyte slit diaphragm(PSD)-associated proteins,nephrin and podocin,was significantly decreased coincident with the onset of albuminuria in rats treated with AOPPs.Chronic inhibi-tion of NADPH oxidase by apocynin p...     

阿魏酸对糖尿病小鼠心肌病变的影响及其机制

目的：研究阿魏酸对高脂饮食结合小剂量链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的2型糖尿病小鼠心肌病变的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：雄性ICR小鼠20只,高糖高脂饮食连续6周,STZ （30 mg/kg）腹腔注射连续5d后,隔9d测空腹血糖（FBG）,超过11.1 mmol/L视为糖尿病造模成功。将此20只小鼠随机分为模型组、阿魏酸组（200 mg/kg,i.g.）,每组10只;另取10只正常小鼠为对照组;连续给药8周。末次给药后,测定FBG、称体重、全心重和左心室重,计算心脏质量指数（HMI）和左室质量指数（LVMI）;测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量;Masson染色观察左心室纤维增生情况;免疫组化法测定心肌组织转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达。结果：与模型组小鼠比较,阿魏酸组小鼠HMI、LVMI减小（（P<0.01,P<0.05）,心肌组织SOD活力升高、MDA含量下降（P<0.05）;心肌胶原纤维沉积减少,间质纤维化改善;免疫组化显示心肌组织TGF-β1和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达减少（P<0.01,P<0.05）。结论：阿魏酸对糖尿病小鼠心肌病变具有保护作用,可能与抗氧化及抑制TGF-β1蛋白表达,减少Ⅲ型胶原蛋白沉积有关。     

(Pro)renin receptor and autophagy in podocytes

Within the kidneys, podocytes are highly specialized postmitotic cells. Podocytes, together with endothelial cells and the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), maintain the filtration barrier and the normal structure of the glomerular capillary, are involved in the remodeling of the GBM and the endocytosis of filtered proteins, and counteract intracapillary hydrostatic pressure. The (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR], as ATP6AP2, is an accessory subunit of the vacuolar H⁺-ATPase, implying more fundamental developmental functions for the (pro)renin receptor in addition to its role in activating the local renin-angiotensin system, and is also expressed in podocytes, where it is involved in both tissue angiotensin II production and (P)RR-mediated intracellular signaling. Overexpression of human (P)RR in rats caused slowly progressive proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis, which suggests that (P)RR-mediated signaling is involved in the development of glomerular diseases. However, the physiological role of the (P)RR in podocytes has not yet been fully understood.     

Sinensetin ameliorates high glucose-induced diabetic nephropathy via enhancing autophagy in vitro and in vivo

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) affects around 40% of people with diabetes, the final outcome of which is end-stage renal disease. The deficiency of autophagy and excessive oxidative stress have been found to participate in the pathogenesis of DN. Sinensetin (SIN) has been proven to have strong antioxidant capability. However, the effect of SIN on DN has not been studied. We examined the effect of SIN on cell viability and autophagy in the podocyte cell line, MPC5 cells, treated with high glucose (HG). For in vivo studies, DN mice models were established by intraperitoneal injected with streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days and fed with a 60% high-fat diet, and SIN was given (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) for 8 weeks via intraperitoneal injection. The results showed that SIN could protect MPC5 cells against HG-induced damage and significantly improve the renal function of DN mice. Moreover, SIN remarkably restored the autophagy activity of MPC5 cells which was inhibited under HG conditions. Consistent with this, SIN efficiently improved autophagy in the kidney tissue of DN mice. In brief, our findings demonstrated the protective effect of SIN on DN via restoring the autophagic function, which might provide a basis for drug development.     

Detection of urinary podocytes and nephrin as markers for children with glomerular diseases

The purpose of this study was to detect the urinary podocytes and its related protein, nephrin, in the urine of the children with glomerular disease in order to analyze the relationship of the clinical testing with the significance of the glomerular disease. A total of 65 children with nephrotic syndrome were selected for this study. The podocytes and nephrin were detected in the urinary sediment by indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting. The urinary podocytes and nephrin positive rates were 53.8% and 50.8%, respectively, in the children with glomerular disease. The serum total protein and albumin decreased in the podocyte-positive children, while the urine total protein at 24 h, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine were significantly elevated as compared to those of the podocyte-negative patients. Furthermore, the results were the same in the patients with positive nephrin as compared to that of the patients with negative nephrin. The podocyte number and nephrin level were significantly higher in the lupus nephritis group as compared to those of the other groups. Likewise, the podocyte number and nephrin level dramatically increased in the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis group as compared to those of the mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and minimal change disease groups. In addition, the podocyte numbers and nephrin expression were significantly higher in severe proteinuria group as compared to those of the mild proteinuria group. The urinary nephrin expression was positively related to podocyte and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. We concluded that the detection of the urinary podocytes and nephrin could be taken as markers for children with glomerular disease, reflecting the type of the disease. Therefore, this can be used as a noninvasive method to evaluate the severity of the kidney disease in children.     

阿魏酸和肉桂酸对杉木种子发芽的效应

杉木〔Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ (Ｌａｍｂ .)Ｈｏｏｋ .〕连栽导致地力衰退问题 ,国内大多从提高土壤肥力和完善栽培制度方面进行研究[1 ] ,对化感自毒物质的毒害作用却注意不够。据报道杉木根桩与周围土壤酚类物质对杉木存在自毒作用[2 ] ,但除酚剂 (乙烯吡咯啉酮Ｋ30 0 )能降低杉木及其林下土壤的这种自毒作用[3 ] ,这暗示杉木叶、根等器官中含有酚类化感物质 ;香草醛 (ｖａｎｉｌｌｉｎ)对杉木幼苗生长也具有毒害作用[4] 。阿魏酸 (ｆｅｒｕｌｉｃａｃｉｄ)、肉桂酸 (ｃｉｎｎａｍｉｃａｃｉｄ)和香草醛同属于化感…     

川陈皮素对糖尿病肾病大鼠的治疗作用研究

为观察川陈皮素对糖尿病肾病的治疗作用,本研究选用120只SD大鼠适应性喂养2周后分为正常组(20只)和糖尿病肾病造模组(100只),成功构建糖尿病肾病模型后选取50只,分为模型组,川陈皮素低剂量、中剂量和高剂量组以及阳性药物贝那普利组,每组10只,治疗6周后处死,收集尿液检测24h-尿量和24h-尿蛋白,收集血液检测血糖、胰岛素、血脂、肾功能指标和炎性因子的变化特点,收集肾脏检测肾脏病理学以及肾脏组织中凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3表达水平。结果显示,模型组有明显肾小球增大、部分系膜增生和间质纤维化,相较于模型组,贝那普利组和川陈皮素三个剂量组肾小球病变减轻;与模型组相比,贝那普利组和川陈皮素低、中、高剂量组UCr、24h蛋白尿、BUN、Scr、血糖、TG、TC、IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α明显降低(P<0.05),胰岛素含量明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,贝那普利组和川陈皮素低、中和高剂量组Bax和Caspase-3明显降低(P<0.05),Bcl-2明显升高(P<0.05)。上述研究表明,川陈皮素对糖尿病肾脏损害大鼠肾功能具有明显的保护作用。     

Deregulation of long noncoding RNA (TUG1) contributes to excessive podocytes apoptosis by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress in the development of diabetic nephropathy

The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of how TUG1 interferes with the expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), which contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed to explore the regulatory relationship among TUG1, CHOP, PGC-1α, and caspase-3. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling was performed to confirm TUG1 involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN) through influencing podocytes apoptosis. TUG1 was highly expressed in a cell following treatment with high glucose, and PGC-1α and cleaved caspase-3 levels were much lower, while CHOP level was much higher in high glucose group (HG), furthermore, CHOP inhibited PGC-1α expression. TUG1 negatively regulated CHOP expression, and positively regulated PGC-1α expression. Meanwhile, total caspase-3 level in cell treated with or without HG transfected with CHOP small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA), TUG1, and TUG1 siRNA showed no evident difference with their corresponding control, while CHOP siRNA and TUG1 evidently decreased, and TUG1 siRNA remarkably increased cleaved caspase-3 level in HG or normal glucose groups in comparison with corresponding control. TUG1 and PGC-1α levels were much lower, while CHOP level was much higher in participants diagnosed with DN. A higher level of CHOP protein and lower level of PGC-1α were observed in subjects diagnosed with DN. Finally, podocytes apoptosis in the DN group was significantly promoted compared with that in nondiabetic renal disease group. Our current study has suggested for the first time that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) TUG1 influenced podocytes apoptosis via mediating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)–CHOP–PGC-1α signaling pathway in HG-induced DN.     

阿魏酸、对羟基苯甲酸及其混合液对土壤氮及相关微生物的影响

通过室内培养法,研究了不同浓度的阿魏酸、对羟基苯甲酸及其混合液对土壤氮素、与氮素转化相关的微生物和酶的影响。结果表明,10^-4mol/L阿魏酸和对羟基苯甲酸使土壤铵态氮降低了11.18%和10.87%,硝态氮降低了6.33%和3.95%;10^-3mol/L阿魏酸、对羟基苯甲酸及其混合液分别使可溶性有机氮降低了6.59%、10.16%和10.39%。阿魏酸、对羟基苯甲酸及其混合液抑制了氨化细菌、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌的生长,削弱了土壤脲酶与蛋白酶的活性。与对照相比,10^-4mol/L混合液降低了26.04%的氨化细菌、30.79%的硝化细菌和16.74%的反硝化细菌。10^-3mol/L阿魏酸减少了3.33%的土壤脲酶和20.87%的蛋白酶活性;10^-3mol/L对羟基苯甲酸降低了土壤脲酶6.63%,蛋白酶22.94%;10^-3mol/L混合液减少了土壤脲酶7.47%和蛋白酶23.79%。混合液对土壤氮素转化的抑制作用最强,表明阿魏酸和对羟基苯甲酸存在协同作用。阿魏酸和对羟基苯甲酸等酚酸类化合物通过抑制土壤氮素转化微生物及其酶活性,从而影响土壤氮素转化。     

Effects of magnolol (5,5'-diallyl-2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl) on diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats

We investigated the effect of magnolol (5,5'-diallyl-2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl), a marker compound isolated from the cortex of Magnolia officinalis, in non-obese type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. The rats were treated orally with magnolol (100 mg/kg body weight) once a day for 13 weeks. In magnolol-treated GK rats, fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin were significantly decreased, and the pancreatic islets also showed strong insulin antigen positivity. Urinary protein and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were significantly decreased. Pathological examination revealed the prevention of the glomeruli enlargement in magnolol-treated GK rats. The overproduction of renal sorbitol, advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), type IV collagen, and TGF-beta1 mRNA were significantly reduced in magnolol-treated GK rats. Thus based on our findings, the use of magnolol could result in good blood glucose control and prevent or retard development of diabetic complications such as diabetic nephropathy.