血必净注射液对梗阻性黄疸大鼠血清内毒素及肿瘤坏死因子-alpha水平的影响

目的：探究血必净注射液对梗阻性黄疸大鼠血清内毒素(ETX)及肿瘤坏死因子-alpha(TNF-alpha)水平的影响。方法：选取雄性SD 大 鼠60 只,随机分为假手术(A)组、梗阻性黄疸(B)组、血必净干预(C)组,每组20 只。A组不结扎胆总管,B、C两组结扎胆总管。术后 七天,C 组每日皮下注射血必净4 mL/Kg,A 组、B 组用等量生理盐水替代,持续用药一周。实验两周后,检测和比较各组大鼠血清 ETX、TNF-alpha、总胆红素(TBIL)及直接胆红素(DBIL)水平。结果：术后两周,A组血清TBIL、DBIL 水平显著低于B、C两组;B组血 清TBIL、DBIL 水平显著高于C 组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组血清ETX和TNF-alpha水平显著高于A、C 组,差异均有统计 学意义(P<0.05)。结论：血必净注射液可能通过降低血清ETX和TNF-alpha含量改善梗阻性黄疸。     

急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织高迁移率族蛋白1的表达及其意义

目的动态观察高迁移率族蛋白1（HGMB1）在失血性休克复合内毒素注射致急性肺损伤（ALl）大鼠肺组织的表达情况,初步探讨HMGB1在ALI发病机制中的作用。方法采取失血性休克复合内毒素注射手段建立ALl大鼠动物模型,采用RT-PCR方法,检测肺组织HMGB1mRNA的表达情况。结果正常大鼠肺组织有少量HMGBlmRNA表达,遭受失血性休克复合内毒素注射打击后,HMGB1mRNA表达迅速升高,至ALI24h达最高峰,随后有所下降,ALl各组大鼠表达水平与正常对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论正常大鼠肺组织有一定水平HMGBlmRNA的表达,遭受失血性休克及内毒素注射打击后,HMGBlmRNA表达异常增高,可引起过度炎症反应,从而促进ALI的发生与发展。     

生地黄对内毒素诱导的急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的:以中医辨证论治为基础,研究生地黄对急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome,ALI/ARDS)的干预作用。方法:将大鼠分为对照组、模型组、生地黄预防组、生地黄治疗组,通过气管注射脂多糖(LPS)制备大鼠ALI/ARDS模型,酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)中肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)含量的变化,考马斯亮蓝法测定BALF中总蛋白含量,BALF细胞悬浮液离心涂片Giemsa染色后光镜下细胞分类计数,H.E.染色肺部组织并通过光镜观察其形态学变化,分析生地黄水提物对ALI的保护作用。结果:生地黄干预组BALF中TNF-α、IL-6含量明显降低(P0.0),蛋白含量明显降低(P0.0),中性粒细胞数(Polymorphonuclear cells,PMN)和炎症细胞总数明显降低(P0.0),肺部病理损伤减轻。结论:生地黄对ALI可能具有保护作用,对ALI/ARDS可能具有潜在的治疗价值。     

内毒素诱导大鼠急性肺损伤模型的动态研究

目的:建立内毒素诱导大鼠急性肺损伤的模型并筛选出敏感检测指标。方法:90只wistar大鼠随机分为10组,其中9组以气管内滴注内毒素(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)建立大鼠急性肺损伤(Acute lung injury,ALI)模型,另一组作为空白对照组。观察造模8、12、24、36、48、72、96、120 h后的肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平、肺组织的病理形态学变化、12h造模组与空白组的BALF中的多形核白细胞(PMN)百分比和蛋白浓度。结果:造模后BALF中的TNF-α、IL-6的浓度随时间延长显著升高且均在24 h达到峰值(P0.01);肺组织病理损伤也逐渐加重,12 h已出现明显的肺泡损伤、肺水肿、炎性细胞浸润等病变;12 h模型组BALF中PMN百分比和蛋白浓度较空白对照组显著增加(P0.01)。结论:在该实验条件下,气管内滴注LPS 8 mg/kg,12 h后即可建立ALI模型,可通过检测BALF中的TNF-α、IL-6浓度及肺组织的病变程度等指标进行模型评价。     

HMGB1 在a2A- 肾上腺素受体介导脓毒血症大鼠急性肺损伤的作用

目的:探讨HMGB1在a2A-肾上腺素受体介导脓毒血症大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)的作用。方法:64大鼠建立盲肠结扎穿孔法(CLP)脓毒症模型,随机均分为以下两组:CLP组及CLP+马来酸钠组。各组分别于模型建立后2(T1)、6(T2)、12(T3)、24 h(T4)时检测大鼠血清TNF-、高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)及IL-10含量。CLP24 h后检测肺组织干湿重比(W/D)和髓过氧化物酶活性(MPO)及HMGB1表达;并采用HE法进行肺组织学评分。结果:CLP+马来酸钠组T2时的TNF-水平明显低于CLP组(P<0.05);而HMGB1在T2、T3及T4均明显低于CLP组(P<0.05);IL-10在各个时间点比较结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CLP+马来酸钠组肺组织W/D、MPO活性、肺组织损伤评分均明显低于CLP组(P<0.05)。CLP+马来酸钠组肺组织HMGB1表达明显低于CLP组(P<0.05)。结论:HMGB1参与了ALI的病理过程,a2A-肾上腺素受体阻断可以通过抑制HMGB1从而改善ALI时的肺功能。     

L-精氨酸对实验性大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨一氧化氮(NO)前体物质L-精氨酸(L-Arg)在内毒素(LPS)致大鼠急性肺损伤中的作用.方法 SD大鼠24只随机分为空白对照组、LPS组和L-Arg(500 mg/kg)组.腹腔注射LPS(100 μg/kg)复制急性肺损伤动物模型.在LPS注射2 h后,取大鼠肺称其湿重与干重,计算肺湿干比,测定肺灌洗液蛋白含量和白细胞数量,并进行肺组织病理学检查.结果 与对照组相比,LPS组肺湿干比、肺灌洗液蛋白含量和白细胞计数显著增高(P<0.01,n=8),病理学切片见急性肺损伤性变化;与LPS组相比,L-Arg组肺湿干比、肺灌洗液蛋白含量和白细胞计数显著降低(P<0.01,n=8),肺组织急性损伤显著减轻.结论 L-Arg具有抗LPS致急性肺损伤的作用.     

血必净对脓毒症早期大鼠急性肺损伤的作用及可能机制

目的:探讨血必净注射液对脓毒症早期肺组织损伤的影响及其可能作用机制,为临床脓毒症时急性肺损伤的治疗提供新思路。方法:选用健康雄性S-D大鼠30只,随机分3组,即假手术组(Sham组)、盐水组(NS组)和血必净组(XBJ组)。应用盲肠结扎穿孔法(CLP)建立脓毒症大鼠模型,术后6 h处死动物,通过HE染色光镜观察组织形态学改变及透射电镜观察肺组织超微结构,测定各组肺组织湿干重比,采用RT-PCR检测肺组织内皮素-1(ET-1)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、组织金属蛋白酶抑制物-1(TIMP-1)mRNA的表达。结果:XBJ组肺泡及肺间质水肿和内皮细胞超微结构改变均较NS组明显减轻。术后6 h,NS组大鼠肺组织湿干重比(W/D)显著高于Sham组(5.37±0.12 vs 4.33±0.06,P0.01),XBJ组肺组织W/D较NS组显著降低(4.67±0.09 vs 5.37±0.12,P0.05)。此外,XBJ组大鼠肺组织ET-1(0.511±0.111 vs 0.705±0.122,P0.01)、iNOS(0.456±0.075 vs 0.548±0.098,P0.05),MMP-9(0.617±0.079 vs 0.732±0.131,P0.05)、TIMP-1(0.438±0.043vs 0.515±0.049,P0.01)mRNA的表达均较NS组明显降低,而NS组大鼠肺组织ET-1(0.705±0.122 vs 0.400±0.033,P0.01)、iNOS(0.548±0.098 vs 0.334±0.027,P0.01)、MMP-9(0.732±0.131 vs 0.352±0.061,P0.01)、TIMP-1mRNA(0.515±0.049 vs 0.365±0.068,P0.01)水平均较Sham组明显升高。结论:血必净治疗对脓毒症大鼠的肺组织损伤有一定的保护作用,可能与其降低肺组织ET-1、iNOS、MMP-9、TIMP-1的表达有关。     

血必净干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠体内炎症因子的影响

目的：通过观察血必净干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）大鼠体内炎症因子的影响,探讨血必净治疗COPD的机制。方法：36只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、COPD模型组（简称模型组）、血必净干预组（简称干预组）,每组12只。采用香烟烟雾暴露加气管内滴注脂多糖法建立COPD大鼠模型。造模时间共30天,其中干预组在后15天给予血必净4ml／Kg体重尾静脉注射。分别测定各组肺功能,肺组织病理学变化,血清及肺泡灌洗液中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-8（IL-8）浓度。结果：模型组大鼠FEV0．3／FVC[（57．8±5．6）％]和动态肺顺应性（Cydn）[（0．098＋0．006）cmH20·mL^-1·s^-1,lcmH20=0．098kPa]均明显低于对照组[（81．4±3．1）％和（0．195±0．012）cmH20·mL^-1·S^-1],而干预组大鼠[（67．2±3．2）％和（0．142±0．024）cmH20·mL‘S‘。]则较模型组有显著提高,差异均具有统计学意义（t值分别为-13．940、-15．165、-5．552、-6．927,均P〈0．01）;模型组大鼠平均气道阻力（RI）[（0．802±0．070）mL／cmH20]明显高于对照组[（0．224±0．069）mL／cmH20],而干预组[（0．475±0．050）mL／cmH20]则较模型组有明显下降,差异均具有统计学意义（t值分别为-22．389、-12．658,均P〈0．01）;模型组大鼠血清和肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8浓度[（27．8±7．4）pg／mL和（340．0±79．6）pg／mL、（209．9±82．1）pg／mL和（337．3±96．4）pg／mL、（37．7±11．4）pg／mL和（69．6±18．9）pg／mL]均显著高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（t值分别为-12．466、-19．648、-11．749、-16．364、12．550、14．834,均P〈0．01）,而干预组大鼠[（9．6±5．6）pg／mL和（45．6±22．9）pg／mL、（36．3±17．9）pg／mL和（42．9±20．5）pg／mL、（10．3±5．6）pg／mL和（15．7±8．0）pg／mN．~4较模型组有显著降低,差异均具有统计学意义（t值分别为-9．367、-17．390、-10．106、-14．631、10．475、12．772,均P〈0．01）。结论：COPD大鼠血清及肺泡灌洗液中炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的浓度均显著增高,血必净干预能显著下调上述关键致炎因子的表达,并与其临床症状、肺功能、病理学改变相印证。因此,我们推测：血必净可能通过下调COPD炎症时TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8等关键致炎因子的表达,进一步抑制气道炎症的级联效应来发挥其强大的抗炎作用。     

血必净干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠体内炎症因子的影响 *

摘要 目的： 通过观察血必净干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病 （COPD ） 大鼠体内炎症因子的影响, 探讨血必净治疗 COPD 的机制。方法： 36 只 Wistar 雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、 COPD 型组 （ 简称型组 ） 、 血必净干预组 （简称干预组）, 每组 12 只。 采用香烟烟雾暴露 加气管内滴注脂多糖法建立 COPD 大鼠型。 造模时间共 30 天, 其中干预组在后 15 天给予血必净 4 ml/Kg 体重尾静脉注射。 分 别测定各组肺功能, 肺组织病理学变化, 血清及肺泡灌洗液中肿瘤坏死因子 （ TNF-α ） 、 白介素 -6 （IL-6 ） 、 白介素 -8 （ IL-8 ） 浓度。结 果： 模型组大鼠 FEV0.3/FVC [(57.8 ± 5.6) %]和动态肺顺应性 （Cydn ） [(0.098± 0.006) cmH2 O · mL -1 · s -1 , 1cmH2O=0.098 kPa]均明显 低于对照组[(81.4± 3.1)%和(0.195± 0.012) cmH2 O · mL -1 · s -1 ],而干预组大鼠[(67.2 ± 3.2)%和(0.142± 0.024) cmH2O · mL -1 · s -1 ]则较 模型组有显著提高, 差异均具有统计学意义 （t 值分别为 -13.940、 -15.165、 -5.552、 -6.927, 均 P＜ 0.01 ） ; 型组大鼠平均气道阻力 （RI ） [(0.802± 0.070) mL/cmH2 O]明显高于对照组[(0.224± 0.069) mL/cmH2 O],而干预组[(0.475± 0.050) mL/cmH2 O]则较型组有 明显下降, 差异均具有统计学意义 （t 值分别为 -22.389、 -12.658, 均 P＜ 0.01 ） ; 模型组大鼠血清和肺泡灌洗液中 TNF-α、 IL-6、 IL-8 浓度[(27.8± 7. 4) pg/mL和(340.0± 79. 6) pg/mL、 (209.9± 82.1) pg/mL和(337.3± 96. 4) pg/mL、 (37.7± 11.4) pg/mL和(69.6± 18. 9) pg/mL] 均显著高于对照组, 差异均具有统计学意义 （t 值分别为 -12.466、 -19.648、 -11.749、 -16.364、 12.550、 14.834, 均 P＜ 0.01 ） ,而干预组 大鼠[(9.6± 5.6) pg/mL和(45.6± 22.9) pg/mL、 (36.3± 17.9) pg/mL和(42.9± 20.5) pg/mL、 (10.3± 5.6) pg/mL和(15.7± 8.0) pg/mL]则较 型组有显著降低, 差异均具有统计学意义 （t 值分别为 -9.367、 -17.390、 -10.106、 -14.631、 10.475、 12.772, 均 P＜ 0.01 ）。 结论： COPD 大鼠血清及肺泡灌洗液中炎症因子 TNF-琢、 IL-6、 IL-8 的浓度均显著增高, 血必净干预能显著下调上述关键致炎因子的表达, 并与 其临床症状、 肺功能、 病理学改变相印证。因此, 我们推测： 血必净可能通过下调 COPD 炎症时 TNF-α、 IL-6、 IL-8 等关键致炎因子 的表达, 进一步抑制气道炎症的级联效应来发挥其强大的抗炎作用。     

血必净注射液联合持续血液净化治疗重症脓毒症的效果及对血清IL-6、TNF-alpha的影响

目的：研究血必净注射液联合持续血液净化治疗重症脓毒症的效果及对血清白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-alpha（TNF-alpha）的 影响。方法：将2012 年1 月至2013 年12 月我院收治124 例重症脓毒症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组62 例。对照组给予 常规抗感染、对症支持、脏器保护治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用血必净注射液联合持续血液净化治疗。于治疗前及治疗第7 天记 录并比较两组患者多器官功能障碍（MODS）发生率、脓毒症休克率、死亡率、好转率、氧合指数（动脉血氧分压（PaO2）/ 吸入氧浓度 （FiO2））、血清IL-6、TNF-alpha水平以及急性生理和慢性健康评分Ⅱ（APACHE Ⅱ）。结果：经7 天治疗后,两组MODS 发生率、IL-6、 TNF-alpha水平以及APACHE Ⅱ评分较治疗前均显著降低,PaO2 /FiO2水平较治疗前显著提高（均P＜0.05）;治疗组脓毒症休克率较 治疗前显著降低（P＜0.05）;治疗组MODS 发生率、脓毒症休克率、死亡率、IL-6、TNF-琢水平以及APACHE Ⅱ评分均显著低于对 照组,好转率以及PaO2 /FiO2水平显著高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。结论：血必净注射液联合持续血液净化治疗重症脓毒症能维护多 器官功能、降低MODS及脓毒症休克发生率,提高动脉血气氧合指数等疗效。     

复方扁咽宁对急性咽炎大鼠疗效及其机制

目的:观察复方扁咽宁对急性咽炎大鼠的治疗作用及其作用机理,为其临床应用提供依据。方法:采用氨水直接喷雾法复制大鼠急性咽炎模型,将其随机分为模型组、复方扁咽宁高、中、低剂量组,另取正常大鼠作为对照,每组10只,高、中、低剂量组剂量(g/kg)分别按28.8、14.4、7.2(生药量计)灌胃药物水提液,正常组与模型组给予等量蒸馏水,观察并记录各组大鼠的症状表现;于末次给药24 h后,腹主动脉采血,ELISA法检测血清中IL-1β及TNF-α的含量,采用HE染色法观察各组大鼠肺组织及肺支气管组织形态,透射电镜法观察气管纤毛形态。结果:模型组急性咽炎表现明显:咽部红肿、充血,气管及肺组织出现病理改变,血清中IL-1β及TNF-α的含量显著升高(与正常组比较,P＜0.05),提示造模成功;与模型组相比,复方扁咽宁低、中、高剂量组急性咽炎的症状如咽部红肿、充血等现象得到明显缓解,肺组织及肺支气管组织形态得到明显的改善,血清中IL-1β及TNF-α的含量显著下降,中剂量组和高剂量组疗效更显著。结论:复方扁咽宁可加速急性咽炎的康复进程,改善支气管及肺的组织形态,其作用机制可能与抑制血清IL-1β和 TNF-α的释放等有关。     

褪黑素对内毒素致大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的:研究内毒素(LPS)致大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)时,p-p38蛋白激酶(p-p38MAPK)在肺组织的表达及褪黑素(MT)对肺组织的保护作用及其机制。方法:将72只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组,每组24只,对照组(Control)、模型组(LPS)和褪黑素干预组(LPS+MT),采用气管内滴注LPS的方法建立大鼠ALI的模型,通过免疫组织化学染色和Western blot技术检测大鼠肺组织中p-p38蛋白激酶的表达变化,并在光镜下观察大鼠肺组织形态学变化。结果:Control组气道和肺组织可见反应极弱的p-p38蛋白激酶阳性细胞,散在分布于气道上皮细胞和肺泡上皮细胞;LPS组p-p38蛋白激酶阳性细胞较对照组明显增多(P0.05或P0.01),主要分布于浸润的炎症细胞、气道上皮细胞、肺泡上皮细胞和血管内皮细胞;LPS+MT组气道和肺组织中阳性细胞数较LPS组明显减少(P0.05或P0.01),Western blot结果与免疫组织化学一致。结论:LPS致大鼠急性肺损伤模型中,肺内炎性、非炎性细胞均有p38MAPK信号通路的激活;MT对急性肺损伤的保护机制可能与其抑制p38 MAPK信号通路的过度激活有关。     

右美托咪啶对肺缺血/再灌注诱发小鼠肾脏超微结构改变的影响

目的：评价右美托咪啶对小鼠肺缺血/再灌注诱发肾脏损伤的影响。方法：雄性健康SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠50只,体重20 g~24 g,8~10周龄,采用随机数字表法,将其分为5组（n=10）：假手术组（sham组）、肺缺血/再灌注损伤组（I/R组）、肺缺血/再灌注+生理盐水组（NS组）、右美托咪啶组（Dex组）、右美托咪啶+阿替美唑（Atip）（DA组）。采用小鼠在体左侧肺门夹闭30 min再灌注180 min方法制备肺缺血/再灌注损伤（I/R）模型。Dex组在肺门阻断前30 min腹腔注射右美托咪啶20 μg/kg,NS组为用同Dex组等体积的生理盐水替代Dex,DA组腹腔注射右美托咪啶（20 μg/kg）+阿替美唑（250 μg/kg）,其余处理同I/R组。再灌注结束后静脉取血ELISA法检测血浆中IL-1β和TNF-α浓度;取双肾组织,透射电镜下观察肾组织病理学结果。结果：与对照组相比,其余组血浆IL-1β和TNF-α浓度明显升高,肾组织病理学损伤明显加重;与I/R、NS、DA组相比,Dex组IL-1β和TNF-α浓度明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且肾组织超微结构损伤有所减轻。结论：右美托咪啶预先给药可减轻小鼠肺缺血/再灌注诱发肾脏损伤,其机制可能与抑制炎性反应有关。     

褪黑素对油酸致大鼠急性肺损伤的防护作用及其机制研究

目的：研究油酸（OA）致大鼠急性肺损伤（ALI）时,P-选择素（Ps）、细胞间粘附分子-1（ICAM-1）和核因子-κB（NF-KB）在肺组织中的表达及褪黑素（MT）对肺组织的保护作用及其机制。方法：将48只SD大鼠随机分为4组（n=12）,对照组（Control）、油酸组（OA）、MT＋OA组,SB203580＋OA组。采用尾静脉注射油酸的方法建立大鼠Au的模型,测定肺系数,光镜下观察大鼠肺组织形态学改变,并通过免疫组织化学染色技术观察肺组织中Ps、ICAM-1和NF-κB的表达变化。结果：与control组相比,OA组大鼠肺系数明显升高（P〈0．05）;肺组织损伤严重,肺泡间隔明显增宽,肺泡腔及肺间质弥漫性炎细胞浸润;Ps、ICAM-1和NF-κB的阳性表达信号明显增强（P〈0．05）;应用MT和SB203580均显著缓解上述变化（P〈0．05）。结论：MT对ALI时的肺组织起明显的保护作用,其保护机制可能与抑制Ps、ICAM-1和NF-κB的表达有关。     

Protective effects of intratracheally administered quercetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury

Background

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can result in a life-threatening form of respiratory failure, and established, effective pharmacotherapies are therefore urgently required. Quercetin is one of the most common flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables, and has potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Quercetin has been demonstrated to exhibit cytoprotective effects through the induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Here, we investigated whether the intratracheal administration of quercetin could suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice as well as the involvement of HO-1 in quercetin’s suppressive effects.

Methods

Mouse model of ALI were established by challenging intratracheally LPS. The wet lung-to-body weight ratio, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activities, and pro-inflammatory cytokine productions, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined in ALI mice with or without quercetin pretreatment. We also examined the effects of quercetin on LPS stimulation in the mouse alveolar macrophage cell line, AMJ2-C11 cells.

Results

Intratracheal administration of quercetin decreased the wet lung-to-body weight ratio. Moreover, quercetin decreased MMP-9 activity and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BALF cells activated by LPS in advance. We determined the expression of quercetin-induced HO-1 in mouse lung, e.g., alveolar macrophages (AMs), alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells. When AMJ2-C11 cells were cultured with quercetin, a marked suppression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production was observed. The cytoprotective effects were attenuated by the addition of the HO-1 inhibitor SnPP. These results indicated that quercetin suppressed LPS-induced lung inflammation, and that an HO-1-dependent pathway mediated these cytoprotective effects.

Conclusions

Our findings indicated that quercetin suppressed LPS-induced lung inflammation, and that an HO-1-dependent pathway mediated these cytoprotective effects. Intratracheal administration of quercetin will lead to new supportive strategies for cytoprotection in these serious lung conditions.     

脂多糖致急性肺血管内皮屏障功能失调小鼠FLI-1蛋白表达的变化及其意义

目的: 观察感染性急性肺损伤(ALI)肺血管内皮屏障功能失调小鼠肺组织中弗里德白血病病毒插入位点1(FLI-1)蛋白表达的变化,以探讨FLI-1在感染性ALI肺血管内皮屏障功能失调发生发展中的意义。方法: SPF级雄性ICR小鼠60只,腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS,7.5 mg/kg)复制ALI模型,在给予LPS 0 h、12 h、24 h、48 h后,检测小鼠肺血管内皮屏障通透性和肺湿干重比,ELISA法检测肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α和IL-6含量,Western blot法检测肺组织FLI-1和Src酪氨酸激酶(SRC)蛋白的表达。结果: 与0 h组比较,12 h组、24 h组肺血管内皮屏障通透性分别升高74.3%和162.4%,而48 h组较24 h组降低27.0%(P均＜0.05);与0 h组比较,12 h组、24 h组肺湿干重比分别升高50.1%和122.9%,而48 h组较24 h组降低10.7%(P均＜0.05);与0 h组比较,12 h、24 h肺泡灌洗液IL-6和TNF-α含量均显著升高,而48 h肺泡灌洗液IL-6和TNF-α含量较24 h分别下降28.3%和21.6%(P均＜ 0.05);与0 h组比较,12 h组、24 h组肺组织FLI-1蛋白表达水平分别下调20.4%和56.9%,而48 h组较24 h组上调18.2%(P均＜0.05);与0 h组比较,12 h组、24 h组肺组织SRC蛋白表达水平分别上调76.8%和176.7%,而48 h组较24 h组下调33.4%(P均＜0.05);肺血管内皮屏障通透性与FLI-1蛋白表达水平呈显著负相关(r= -0.8992,P＜0.01),而与SRC蛋白表达水平呈显著正相关(r=0.8918,P＜0.01),肺组织FLI-1与SRC蛋白表达呈显著负相关(r=-0.8087,P=0.0014)。结论: FLI-1可能参与LPS诱导的急性肺损伤肺血管内皮屏障功能失常过程。     

Effect of emodin on long non-coding RNA-mRNA networks in rats with severe acute pancreatitis-induced acute lung injury

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to disease pathogenesis and drug treatment effects. Both emodin and dexamethasone (DEX) have been used for treating severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury (SAP-ALI). However, lncRNA regulation networks related to SAP-ALI pathogenesis and drug treatment are unreported. In this study, lncRNAs and mRNAs in the lung tissue of SAP-ALI and control rats, with or without drug treatment (emodin or DEX), were assessed by RNA sequencing. Results showed both emodin and DEX were therapeutic for SAP-ALI and that mRNA and lncRNA levels differed between untreated and treated SAP-ALI rats. Gene expression profile relationships for emodin-treated and control rats were higher than DEX-treated and -untreated animals. By comparison of control and SAP-ALI animals, more up-regulated than down-regulated mRNAs and lncRNAs were observed with emodin treatment. For DEX treatment, more down-regulated than up-regulated mRNAs and lncRNAs were observed. Functional analysis demonstrated both up-regulated mRNA and co-expressed genes with up-regulated lncRNAs were enriched in inflammatory and immune response pathways. Further, emodin-associated lncRNAs and mRNAs co-expressed modules were different from those associated with DEX. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrates selected lncRNA and mRNA co-expressed modules were different in the lung tissue of emodin- and DEX-treated rats. Also, emodin had different effects compared with DEX on co-expression network of lncRNAs Rn60_7_1164.1 and AABR07062477.2 for the blue lncRNA module and Nrp1 for the green mRNA module. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that emodin may be a suitable alternative or complementary medicine for treating SAP-ALI.     

Protective effects of the notoginsenoside R1 on acute lung injury by regulating the miR-128-2-5p/Tollip signaling pathway in rats with severe acute pancreatitis

Notoginsenoside R1 (NG-R1), the extract and the main ingredient of Panax notoginseng, has anti-inflammatory effects and can be used in treating acute lung injury (ALI). In this study, we explored the pulmonary protective effect and the underlying mechanism of the NG-R1 on rats with ALI induced by severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). MiR-128-2-5p, ERK1, Tollip, HMGB1, TLR4, IκB, and NF-κB mRNA expression levels were measured using real-time qPCR, and TLR4, Tollip, HMGB1, IRAK1, MyD88, ERK1, NF-κB65, and P-IκB-α protein expression levels using Western blot. The NF-κB and the TLR4 activities were determined using immunohistochemistry, and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and ICAM-1 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) using ELISA. Lung histopathological changes were observed in each group. NG-R1 treatment reduced miR-128-2-5p expression in the lung tissue, increased Tollip expression, inhibited HMGB1, TLR4, TRAF6, IRAK1, MyD88, NF-κB65, and p-IκB-α expression levels, suppressed NF-κB65 and the TLR4 expression levels, reduced MPO activity, reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and ICAM-1 levels in BALF, and alleviated SAP-induced ALI. NG-R1 can attenuate SAP-induced ALI. The mechanism of action may be due to a decreased expression of miR-128-2-5p, increased activity of the Tollip signaling pathway, decreased activity of HMGB1/TLR4 and ERK1 signaling pathways, and decreased inflammatory response to SAP-induced ALI. Tollip was the regulatory target of miR-128-2-5p.     

Autophagy maintains the integrity of endothelial barrier in LPS‐induced lung injury

Understanding the role and underlying regulation mechanism of autophagy in lipopolysaccharide‐induced lung injury (LPS‐LI) may provide potentially new pharmacological targets for treatment of acute lung injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional significance of autophagy in LPS‐LI. The autophagy of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) and mice was inhibited before they were challenged with LPS. In vitro, permeability, vitality, and the LDH release rate of the cells were detected, the zonula occluden‐1 (ZO‐1) expression and the stress fiber formation were determined. In vivo, the lung injury was assessed. We found LPS caused high permeability and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate, lowered viability of the cells, inhibited the ZO‐1 expression and induced stress fiber formation, these effects were further aggravated by prohibiting the level of autophagy. Consistently, in in vivo experiments, LPS‐induced serious lung injury, which was reflected as edema, leukocyte infiltration and hemorrhage in lung tissue, and the high concentration of pro‐inflammation cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐1β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Inhibiting autophagy further exacerbated LPS‐LI. It appears that autophagy played a protective role in LPS‐LI in part through restricting the injury of lung microvascular barrier.