Tetrameres (Gynaecophila) aspicula n. sp. (Nematoda: Tetrameridae), a proventricular parasite of the white-faced ibis Plegadis chihi in Argentina

Tetrameres (Gynaecophila) aspicula n. sp. is described from the proventriculus of the white-faced ibis Plegadis chihi (Vieillot) (Ciconiiformes, Threskiornithidae) from Argentina. The new species is characterised by the absence of spicules, by possessing two ventral rows of extremely small spines in males, extending along the second half of body length, and by the tiny, very feebly developed postcloacal papillae. T. (G.) aspicula n. sp. is compared to the remainder of the species in the subgenus as well as to other species of Tetrameres which lack or possess feebly developed spines. The absence of spicules is a character shared with two other species in the genus, T. (G.) gynaecophila and T. (G.) deccani,from which the new species differs in body size, the arrangement of caudal papillae and the somatic spination in males. A pair of somatic papillae, previously unreported in species of this genus, was found just on or ventral to the lateral line at various regions of the body length. The homology of these structures to other paired somatic papillae described in nematodes is discussed.     

Terranova ceticola n. sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from the dwarf sperm whale; Kogia simus (Owen), in the Gulf of Mexico

Summary Terranova ceticola n.sp. is described from specimens in the stomachs of an individual dwarf sperm whale, Kogia simus, which stranded on the beach at Biloxi, Mississippi. It is characterized by possessing a single pair of medial preanal papillae, 38 to 40 pairs of lateral preanal papillae, five pairs of postanal papillae, and spicules 1 to 2% of the body length and by lacking cuticular plates at the posterior anal lip of males. ac]19800820     

Redescription of Cosmocephalus tanakai Rodrigues & Vicente (Nematoda: Acuariidae), a parasite of the southern black-backed gull in New Zealand

Abstract

Cosmocephalus tanakai is redescribed from specimens found in the oesophagus of Larus dominicanus from the South Island of New Zealand. The male is characterised by nine pairs of pedunculate subventral caudal papillae plus two pairs of sessile papillae, and a pair of bicuspid papillae three-quarters of the way down the body. The female too has the pair of posteriad bicuspid papillae, plus a button-like terminal caudal process. A key to the species of Cosmocephalus is given.     

Molinacuaria indonesiensis n. sp. (Nematoda,Acuarioidea) from Rattus argentiventer in Indonesia

Molinacuaria indonesiensis n. sp. from the stomach of Rattus argentiventer, the ricefield rat, in Sukamandi, Java, Indonesia is described and figured from the examination of seven males and three females. The species is separated from the three other species of the genus, namely, M. bendelli (Adams & Gibson, 1969) Wong & Lankester, 1985, M. acholonui (Schmidt & Kuntz, 1972) Wong & Lankester, 1985 and M. gallinulae (Wang, 1966) Wong & Lankester, 1985. The species is characterised by (i) the larger body measurements, (ii) the presence of a fold rather than a deep groove separating the anterior cephalic region and the ptilina which form four distinct shields, (iii) the morphology of the four ptilina, each one being tripartite with a pointed middle section twice as long at the two lateral sections (iv) the number of papillae on the posterior end of the male (two pairs pre-cloacal, four pairs post-cloacal), (v) the morphology of the left spicule, and (vi) the female tail being straight with a terminal knob.     

A new acuariid nematode, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Syncuaria mackoi</Emphasis> n. sp. (Spirurida), from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ciconia nigra</Emphasis> (L.) (Ciconiiformes: Ciconiidae) in Europe

Syncuaria mackoi n. sp. is described, based on light and scanning electron microscopy, from the stomach of the black stork Ciconia nigra in Bulgaria. The new species is characterised by: body length 7.18–8.30 mm (males) and 10.13–11.40 mm (females); cordons anastomosing about the level of the middle of the muscular oesophagus and consisting of delicate cuticular plates; bifurcate deirids 7–9 μm long; lateral longitudinal cuticular band-like swellings; nine pairs of pedunculate caudal papillae, i.e. four precloacal and five postcloacal, the latter forming two groups (2 + 3); sixth pair of postcloacal papillae sessile; left spicule 854–907 μm long; right spicule 138–154 μm in length, with a curved distal end resembling a horn and a short lateral projection at some distance from its tip; and vagina vera provided with an anteriorly-directed blind appendix. The specimens identified as S. ciconiae (Gil’bert, 1927) by Macko (1964) from C. nigra in Slovakia are considered as belonging to S. mackoi. A pair of small cupolae situated dorsally and ventrally between bases of cordons of the new species is described for the first time in this genus; they are recognised as homologous to the pair of spines in the same position previously described in S. diacantha Petter, 1961 and S. plegadisi Digiani, 1999.     

Heliconema minnanensis n. sp. (Physalopteroidae: Physalopteridae) and Raphidascaris trichiuri (Yin and Zhang) n. comb. (Ascaridoidea: Anisakidae) in marine fishes.

Heliconema minnanensis n. sp. is described from the Chiloscyllium plagiosum south of the Minnan-Taiwan Bank Fishing Ground, Taiwan Strait. It is characterized by having the following combination of features. There are no longitudinal ridges in the posterior part of the body; the male has 4 pairs of precloacal papillae and 6-7 pairs of postcloacal papillae. The right spicule averages 0.2 mm long (1.1% of body length), and the left spicule averages 1.2 mm long (5.6% of body length), making an average spicule ratio of 1:5.2. The female has a vulva located on the left side of a thick membrane and 56-65% of the body length from the anterior end. Raphidascaris trichiuri (Yin and Zhang, 1983) comb. n., known previously from males only, is transferred from Cloeoascaris and redescribed, including material of both sexes from Muraenesox cinereus from the type locality.     

Trichodorus persicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) from Iran

Trichodorus persicus n. sp. is described from the Caspian region of Iran, where it was found in woodland and orchard soil. Males of the new species usually have two ventral cervical papillae anterior to the excretory pore but posterior to the base of the onchiostyle; there are three ventromedian preanal supplements, the posterior one lying near the heads of the retracted spicules; the spicules are 51–61 m long with faint transverse striations distally. Females have two pairs of lateral body pores, large rounded sclerotized thickenings at the vulva and the vagina tapers inwards in lateral view.     

Two new species of Cephalobellus Cobb, 1920 (Thelastomatidae: Nematoda) from coleopteran larvae from India

Summary Two new species of Cephalobellus, C. annulobellus and C. spicatus, collected from unidentified coleopteran larvae in Aligarh, India, are described and figured. Both species have characteristic closely set annules in the cervical region of their females and five pairs of caudal papillae and lateral alae in the males. C. annulobellus possesses a labial disc, has a smaller body and different shape and arrangement of caudal papillae than in C. spicatus. A key to the species of Cephalobellus is given. ac]19830610     

Dirofilaria macrodemos and D. panamensis spp. n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from Central and South Americal sloths

Two new species of Diorfilaria, Dirofilaria macrodemos and Dirofilaria panamensis, are described from the subserosa of Central and South American sloths. Dirofilaria macrodemos, described from the three-toed sloth, Bradypus tridactylus, in Guyana, is characterized and differentiated from other dirofilarias by its length (female 214mm, male 64mm), relatively long tail (female 140 micron, male 110 micron), and the number and distribution of the caudal papillae (7 pairs) in the male. Dirofilaria panamensis, parasite of the two-toed sloth, Cholopeus hoffmanni, in Panama, was previously described as Dirofilaria incrassata by Caballero (1947), but can be distinguished from both D. macrodemos and D. incrassata on the basis of body size (female 66 mm long by 360 micron wide, male 34 mm long by 250 micron wide), tail length (female 80 micron, male 80 micron), and number (6 pairs) of caudal papillae in the male.     

Torquatoides trogoni n. sp. and Excisa ramphastina n. sp. (Nematoda: Habronematoidea: Habronematidae) in birds from the area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Two new species of habronematid nematodes are described in birds from the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Torquatoides trogoni n. sp., in Trogon massena, can be distinguished from T. torquata, T. bengalensis, and T. crotophaga in lacking lateral alae. Among species lacking lateral alae, the new species differs from T. balanocephala in having 14 versus 8-10 cephalic cuticular plaques, 21-22 versus 13-17 pairs of preanal papillae, and a beak-shaped versus U-shaped gubernaculum. The new species differs from T. singhi in body length, in having 21-22 versus 10 pairs of precloacal papillae, longer spicules, and larger eggs. The new species differs from T. crotophaga, the only other species known from Central America, in lacking lateral alae, and having 14 versus 6 cephalic cuticular plaques, 21-22 versus 17 pairs of precloacal and 3 versus 2 pairs of postcloacal papillae, and a gubernaculum. Excisa ramphastina n. sp., in Ramphastos sulfuratus, can be distinguished from E. excisa, E. biloba, E. buckleyi, E. dentifera, and E. khalili in having 1 lateral ala versus none, cervical papillae anterior versus posterior to the nerve ring, and asymmetrical caudal alae. Excisa ramphastina is similar to E. curvata in having cervical papillae anterior to the nerve ring but differs in having 1 lateral ala versus none, asymmetrical caudal alae, an average spicule ratio of 1:4.4 versus 1:3.3, and 4 versus 2 pairs of sessile papillae. The new species differs from E. columbi in having 1 versus 2 lateral alae, in the length of the spicules, in having a different spicule ratio, and in the numbers of sessile papillae.     

Carnoya kermarreci n.sp. (Rhigonematidae: Nematoda) from Anadenobolus politus (Porat) (Rhinocricidae: Diplopoda) from Guadeloupe

Summary Carnoya kermarreci n.sp. (Rhigonematidae; Nematoda) is described from Anadenobolus politus (Porat) (Rhinocricidae; Diplopoda) from Guadeloupe. The new species most closely resembles C. martiniquensis Adamson, 1984 from A. politus in Martinique and C. venezuelensis Adamson, 1984 from Rhinocricus flavocinctus from Venezuela in that the lips in the male are broad and the arrangement of caudal papillae is almost identical in the three species. Males of C. kermarreci are easily distinguished by the absence of spines, by the form of the cuticular projections at the base of the buccal cavity and by the fact that the most anterior pair of caudal papillae are located very close together. Females are distinguished by the presence of three pairs of somatic papillae near the level of the vulva. The nematode fauna of A. politus includes species from two distinct orders and presumably reflects the fact that diplopods are among the most ancient hosts of nematodes.     

Monodelphoxyuris dollmeiri n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Oxyurida) from Monodelphis emiliae in Peru

Monodelphoxyuris dollmeiri n. g., n. sp. is described from the caecum of Monodelphis emiliae (Thomas) (Marsupiala: Monodelphidae) collected in the eastern region of the Andes of Peru. M. dollmeiri n. sp. differs from the closest pinworm described from marsupials in the Neotropics (Didelphoxyuris thylamisis Gardner & Hugot, 1995) in having operculate eggs and males that possess a tip prolonged of tail and a different kind of area rugosa. Several other species of pinworms have been described from marsupials in Australia, but all are characterised by possessing of a buccal capsule that is strongly cuticularised with interradial lamellae. These structures are lacking both in M. dollmeiriandD. thylamisis. Monodelphoxyuris n. g. is characterised by a mouth opening into a depression and lateral alae composed of two longitudinal crests. Males possess an area rugosa composed of six ventral sagittal mamelons, a caudal extremity prolonged by a robust tip of the tail which is directed backwards, four pairs of genital papillae (two pairs lateral adanal and sessile, one pair just posterior to the spicule aperture, and the last pair at posterior extremity and pedunculate). Females possess an opisthodelphic uterus, a reflected ovary and operculate, unembryonated, oval eggs.     

Three new deep-sea species of Sphaerodoridae (Annelida,Polychaeta) from the eastern tropical South Pacific*

Three sphaerodorid species new to science are described from a manganese nodule area in abyssal depths of around 4150 m in the Peru Basin in the eastern South Pacific. Sphaerodoridium campanulata sp. n. is isolated within the genus, having, apart from spherical macrotubercles, additional dorsal stalked bell-shaped papillae, not previously described. Sphaerodoropsis discolis sp. n. is a species with four rows of dorsal macrotubercles and two pairs of lateral antennae. Sphaerodoropsis translucida sp. n. has six to seven rows of dorsal macrotubercles arrayed in two transverse rows per segment and two pairs of lateral antennae. A brief discussion points to the close relationship between Clavodorum and Sphaerodoridium, and to the present state of Sphaerodoropsis, being inhomogeneous in the characters of the arrangement of the dorsal macrotubercles and the numbers of the lateral antennae. An overview on the latter genus, with an attempt to subdivide it, is given.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Angiostoma namekuji</Emphasis> n. sp. (Nematoda: Angiostomatidae) from terrestrial slugs on Oshiba Island in the Seto Inland Sea,Japan

A new species of nematode, Angiostoma namekuji n. sp. (Angiostomatidae: Rhabditida), is described from the intestinal lumen of the terrestrial slug Philomycidae gen. sp. collected from Oshiba Island in the Seto Inland Sea, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. The new species is recognized by the following characteristics: body length 2,782–3,599 (mean 3,240) μm (male); 4,666–5,532 (5,030) μm (female); lateral field present; pharyngeal corpus with valves in the bulb; male with short tail, c = 35–57 (48), with one denticle; and seven pairs of genital papillae arranged as 1+2/3+1; female with tail having small denticles on distal tip; uterus c.50% of the body size; each ovary long, starting near vulva, not coiled, reflexed and reaching uterus; ovaries not crossing each other. Our phylogenetic tree based on sequences of the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA gene supported the generic allocation of the new species in Angiostoma Dujardin, 1845.     

A new species of Alboglossiphonia (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae) from Egypt

A new Alboglossiphonia species from Egypt is described and figured. This leech is placed in the genus Alboglossiphonia on the basis of having three pairs of eyes, diffuse salivary glands, seven pairs of crop caeca, and the attachment of its eggs to the venter. It differs from other Alboglossiphonia species with seven pairs of crop caeca in its combination of very prominent dorsal papillae, two annuli between the gonopores, lobed first six pairs of crop caeca, and paired ducts of male system at peak of activity with conspicuously differentiated sperm duct, seminal vesicle and ejaculatory duct regions.     

Aquanirmus austvalis n. sp. (Mallophaga: Philopteridae) from the New Zealand dabchick,Podiceps rufopecius

Aquanirmus australis n. sp., from the New Zealand dabchick (Podiceps rufopectus Gray), is described and illustrated. Although showing affinities with both the emersoni and bahli species groups, it is distinguished from the former by the female head length, which is less than 25 % of the total body length, and from the latter by the male terminal tergite, which does not extend beyond the sternal margin.     

Description of Sclerorhabditis miniata n. sp. and First Description of Male of Diploscapter coronatus Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Rhabditidae)

A population of Sclerorhabditis miniata n. sp. is described and illustrated from Poonch district of Jammu and Kashmir State, India. The new species is characterized by small body size, with an annulated cuticle, offset labial region, crown shaped, strongly sclerotized lips, thin lateral lips, membranous, stegostom without glottoid apparatus, cheilostom rod shaped, sclerotized, spicules free, strong and thick, gubernaculum simple, bent proximally, bursa open, peloderan with seven pairs of bursal papillae in 1+1/1+1+2+1 pattern. The males of Diploscapter coronatus are described for the first time. They are usually smaller than the females and have labial region similar to females. Spicules separate, with a small dorsal velum, gubernaculum simple, almost straight, bursa open, pseudopeloderan with seven pairs of bursal papillae in 1+1/1+2+1+1 pattern.     

Bisbalia vossi n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Onchocercidae), a filarial worm from a geomyoid rodent,Heteromys anomalus,in Venezuela

Bisbalia vossi n. g., n. sp. is described from Heteromys anomalus (Rodentia: Geomyoidea: Heteromyidae) in northern Venezuela (Aragua). The filariae were found in a membranous pocket in the pleural cavity, and almost all had ingested red blood cells of their host. The morphology of this onchocercine species is highly evolved (advanced reduction of head and caudal papillae; short undivided oesophagus). Its very short microfilariae (60 m) and the shape of the tail of the female (two terminal median pairs of bosses) suggest that this species could be derived from Ackertia Vaz, 1934, a South American genus parasitic in caviomorph rodents which is related to the Dipetalonema-line, but Ackertia has several pairs of precloacal papillae, which are absent in the new genus. In North America, where the geomyoid rodents originated and diversified, the two previously described filarial species differ from this new material and show affinities with Old World bat parasites (Litomosa van Beneden, 1871).