禄丰古猿化石地点的植物叶化石

1987年,在云南禄丰古猿化石地点D剖面第4层(薄层黑色炭质粘土与灰色细砂互层)发现植物叶部印痕化石,经鉴定属壳斗科绝灭的雷龙潭槲叶(Dryophyllum relongtanense Colani),该种植物常参与组成亚热带至暖温带的常绿阔叶林或常绿与落叶阔叶混交林。     

禄丰古猿化石地点的植物叶化石

1987年,在云南禄丰古猿化石地点D剖面第4层(薄层黑色炭质粘土与灰色细砂互层)发现植物叶部印痕化石,经鉴定属壳斗科绝灭的雷龙潭檞叶(Dryophyllum relongtanense Colani),该种植物常参与组成亚热带至暖温带的常绿阔叶林或常绿与落叶阔叶混交林。     

云南禄丰古猿产地的貘类化石及奇蹄目总汇

记述了云南禄丰石灰坝古猿产地的貘类化石。材料只有3枚单个的下牙齿,经观察、测量、对比可将其归入1981年时墨庄等所建立的云南貘(Tapirus yunnanensis)。至此,云南禄丰古猿产地的奇蹄目化石全部研究完毕。该目共有马类2种:西氏三趾马Hipparion theobaldi,禄丰三趾马Hipparion lufengense;犀类2种:禄丰无鼻角犀Acerorhinus lufengensis、林氏山西犀相似种Shansirhinus cf.S.ringstroemi;爪兽1种:元谋巨爪兽Anisodon yuanmouensis和貘类1种:云南貘Tapirus yunnanensis。     

云南禄丰盆地上新世的象类化石

本文记述了在云南禄丰盆地下上新统石灰坝组下部和中部两个三趾马化石层中发现的象类化石,包括四棱象属一未定种、轭齿象属一新种和嵌齿象属一未定种,它们都是云南地区早上新世腊玛古猿—三趾马动物群中的重要成员,在生物学和地层学上有一定的意义。     

辅仁大学的禄丰蜥龙动物群化石——一件未了的化石公案

在2009年《化石》第一期上刊登的董枝明怀念杨钟健先生文章中,着重提到云南禄丰蜥龙动物群。的确,从1938年卞美年先生首次发现禄丰恐龙化石后,经历了我国几代古生物学家的努力,已使禄丰恐龙动物群显赫闻名于世。先是杨钟健在抗战年代极端困难的条件下,坚持发拙、修理和研究．发表了14篇论文和4本专著．     

云南禄丰古猿化石地点再次发现腊玛古猿头骨——1981年发掘报告

本文记述了1981年10月—12月在云南禄丰古猿化石地点发掘的地层情况以及古猿、其他灵长类化石的初步观察。此次发掘在第3层发现三个腊玛古猿头骨,其中两个为少年个体,在第5层发现具有较完整下颌支的西瓦古猿下颌骨。这些材料的发现有助于确定腊玛古猿的系统地位和西瓦古猿头骨形态的复原。     

记裂头鳄属(Dibothrosuchus)一新种

本文记述的裂头鳄属-新种 (Dibothrosuchus xingsuensis sp. nov.)的标本采自云南禄丰盆地下禄丰组深红层.通过描述,对裂头鳄属属级特征作了补充.新种的头骨中鳞骨缺失降突;方骨极度向前背方伸展,形成大的耳凹,乌喙骨具后腹突,以及具有鳄类式的腕骨等,表明裂头鳄属应改属为楔形鳄科 (Sphenosuchidae).根据该科各属的头骨中方骨与脑颅侧壁的连接关系,可以清楚地看到楔形鳄科在这局部解剖学上存在一连续的发展过程.在形态上,裂头鳄属和南非的 Sphenosuehus (典型属)最为相近.     

禄丰古猿化石地点食肉目化石的初步整理

本文对禄丰腊玛古猿化石地点的食肉目化石予以分类记述和简要分析。     

云南禄丰晚中新世的大熊猫祖先化石

本文对1981年以前和1983年在云南禄丰古猿产地发现的,为本文后一作者于1984年和1985年订为Ursavus depereti的化石材料进行了再研究。通过对标本的仔细观察及与有关属种的对比,作者将上述化石材料订为一新属新种Ailurarctos lufengensis gen.et sp.nov.。此种动物在形态特征和系统关系上介于Ursavus和Ailuropoda之间,它很可能代表了目前已知大熊猫类最早的祖先类型。     

禄丰古猿地点的树鼩类化石

本文记述的一种树鼩 Prodendrogale yunnanica gen. et sp. nov.系1983年采集于云南禄丰最晚中新世埧组.材料仅有十余枚牙齿,但代表了化石树鼩在印度-巴基斯坦次大陆西瓦立克系外的唯一发现.文中除对该树鼩的形态作了描述和对比外,还评述了西瓦立克系发现的树鼩化石,同时对树鼩类的系统发育作了一些探讨.     

禄丰古猿地点中国兔猴一新种

本文记述的是在云南禄丰石灰坝古猿化石产地与古猿共生的一种中国兔猴化石。这类化石以下颌骨和牙齿较纤细,牙齿的颊侧齿带较发育,牙齿狭长,齿尖锐利和臼齿咬合面的三角凹较大,下次小尖向后延伸而使下内尖和下次小尖之间有较大间隔;上臼齿的颊舌径较小等特征区别于中国兔猴厚齿种(Sinoadapis carnosus Wu and Pan.)根据以上的形态特征,作者把它订为中国兔猴一新种:中国兔猴石灰坝种Sinoadapis shihuibaensis sp.nov.。     

Large sauropod and theropod tracks from the Middle Jurassic Chuanjie Formation of Lufeng County,Yunnan Province and palaeobiogeography of the Middle Jurassic sauropod tracks from southwestern China

Tracks of large theropods and a single sauropod footprint are reported from red beds at Beikeshan locality in the Middle Jurassic Chuanjie Formation, of Lufeng County, near the large World Dinosaur Valley Park complex. The Chuanjie theropod tracks are assigned to the ichnogenus Eubrontes and the large sauropod track is given the provisional label Brontopodus. All occur as isolated tracks, i.e., trackways are not preserved. Saurischian dominated ichnofaunas are relatively common in the Jurassic of China. The producers of the Chuanjie tracks may have been similar to the basal tetanuran theropod Shidaisaurus and to mamenchisaurid sauropods, which were widely distributed throughout China, during the Jurassic, and are known from skeletal remains found in the same unit. Other potential sauropod trackmakers include titanosauriforms or as-yet-unknown basal eusauropods. The ichno- and skeletal records from the Jurassic of the Lufeng Basin are largely consistent, and both document the presence of middle-large sized theropods and sauropods.     

POSTCANINE ROOT SYSTEM IN TRITYLODONTS

<正> Inspired by Dr. Tom Rich's letter inquiring the structure of the roots of tritylodont cheekteeth, we initiated this study. At first, only several isolated teeth were exposed. Later on, jaws and partial skull carrying the dentition have been included.The generic identification of the materials is based mainly on the morphology of the upper postcanine crowns. Among the four genera dealt with in this work, Yunnanodon is unique in having a cusp formula of 2-3-2:2 buccal, 3 median and 2 lingual cusps. From the smaller and a little medially situated posterior cusp of the lingual row, Lufengia could be separated from the other two genera.Bienotheroides is supposed to be distinguished by a cusp formula of 2-2-2, as those in the later tritylodonts: Stereognathus, Bocatherium, etc. However, in fact, this cusp pattern exists only in the type species, B. wanhsienensis. Another species, B. zigongensis from a lower horizon, namely, Lower Shaximiao Formation of Sichuan and Wucaiwan Formation of Xinjiang, possesses a cusp formula of 2-3-3, much similar to that of Bienotherium. Consequently, the localities and horizons are taken as a measure of discriminating those specimens with similar crown pattern, especially the lower postcanine teeth.     

腊玛古猿和西瓦古猿的形态特征及其系统关系——牙齿的形态与比较

禄丰腊玛古猿和西瓦古猿的牙齿有许多性状是一致的,但在犬齿和下前臼齿的形态上则有较大的差别,这些差别可能是两性的差别。它们与现代大猿类相比,表现出与猩猩比较相似,而与大猩猩和黑猩猩差别较大,因而禄丰腊玛古猿和西瓦古猿可能是同一类型的雌雄个体,与猩猩有较近的关系。但另一方面,与南方古猿类的牙齿相比,禄丰腊玛古猿牙齿又显示出较多的相似于南方古猿阿法种和非洲种的性状,而西瓦古猿大的犬齿与所有南方古猿类差别甚大,因此另一种可能性是禄丰腊玛古猿与西瓦古猿是不同的类型,前者是向南方古猿方向进化的早期的人科成员。     

禄丰古猿地点的小哺乳动物化石

过去十年,在禄丰古猿地点作了多次的发掘和筛洗,采集到包括食虫类,翼手类,啮齿类和兔形类在内的一千余件标本,使这一小哺乳动物的化石组合从1979年首次报道的6种增加到了38种,成为我国南方新第三纪中期最丰富而有代表性的小哺乳动物群。材料的初步鉴定表明:动物群中有代表我国首次发现的化石科和属;并有相当数量与华北、印巴次大陆和欧洲有密切亲缘关系的类型;其地质时代属最晚中新世保德期,相当于欧洲陆相哺乳动物分期的土洛里期(Turolian)。     

Algal epiphytes of Zostera marina: Variation in assemblage structure from individual leaves to regional scale

Data from a hierarchical study of four Zostera marina beds in Wales were used to identify the spatial scales of variation in epiphyte assemblages. There were significant within and among bed differences in assemblage structure. The differences in assemblage structure with spatial scale generally persisted when species identifications were aggregated into functional groups. There was also significant within and among bed variability in Zostera density and average length. Local variations in Zostera canopy variables at the quadrat scale (total leaf length, average leaf length and leaf density per quadrat) were not related to epiphyte species richness nor to the structure of the assemblage. In contrast, individual leaf length was significantly related to species richness in two of the beds and the structure of epiphyte assemblages was always related to individual leaf lengths. The absence of links between quadrat scale measurements of canopy variables and assemblage structure may reflect the high turnover of individual Zostera leaves. Experimental work is required to discriminate further between the potential causes of epiphyte assemblage variation within and between beds. No bed represented a refuge where a rare species was abundant. If a species was uncommon at the bed scale, it was also uncommon in beds where it occurred. The heterogeneous assemblages found in this study suggest that a precautionary approach to conservation is advisable. As much of a bed as possible should be retained, both to protect the integrity of local assemblages and to retain rare species at regional scales.     

中国新近纪几种稀有啮齿动物

30多年来,中国新近纪堆积物中发现了大量的小哺乳动物化石,但一些种类的材料很少,而且仅在个别地点出现,在动物群中常以未定属、种记述.详细描述了4种罕见的啮齿动物,其中3种,泗洪豪鼠(Sayimys sihongensis)、亚洲别齿始鼠(Apeomys asiaticus)和新来鼠(未定种)(Neocometes sp.)发现于江苏泗洪早中新世下草湾组,一种,细小云南始鼠(Yuneomys pusillus)产自云南禄丰晚中新世石灰坝组.与欧亚或北美有关材料的比较研究表明,江苏泗洪标本无法归入相关属的任何已知种,因此被确定了两个新种(S.sihongensis和A.asiaticus);禄丰原归入Leptodontomys pusillus的标本与该属的特征不符,被指定为新属Ynueomys.泗洪的A.asiaticus和Neocometes sp.分别代表该属在亚洲和中国的首次记录;它们与S.sihongensis在亚洲远东地区的出现,增加了我们对这些稀有动物地理分布和欧亚古生物地理关系的知识.禄丰的新属Yuneomys与共生的Plesieomys和Heteroeomys属同为丘齿型始鼠类,可能都属热带或亚热带森林型动物;在禄丰动物群中缺少脊齿型始鼠类,与华北动物群的组成不同,似乎表明华南和华北始鼠动物群在中新世期间已有明显的分异,进而支持这一时期亚洲出现了不同生态区系的设想.     

禄丰古猿地点的猪尾鼠类化石

本文记述亚洲首次发现的猪尾鼠类化石。材料系1983年于云南禄丰古猿地点最晚中新世石灰坝组采集到的,计有代表两属三种——Platacanthomys dianensis sp.nov.,Typhlomysprimitivus sp.nov.和T.hipparionum sp.nov.的百余枚牙齿。文中除对新种的形态作了描述和对比外,还对猪尾鼠类的分类位置及系统发育作了探讨。     

A new plant assemblage (microfossil and megafossil) from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of the Anglo-Welsh Basin: its implications for the palaeoecology of early terrestrial ecosystems

Lower Old Red Sandstone deposits penetrated by a series of cored boreholes near Newport (South Wales) have been sedimentologically logged, and recovered plant assemblages (microfossil and megafossil) investigated. Sedimentological logging indicates that the deposits are typical of the extensive terrestrial-fluviatile floodplain deposits of the Anglo-Welsh Basin. Palynomorph assemblages have been recovered from a number of horizons and comprise entirely terrestrial forms (spores and phytodebris). They essentially represent a single assemblage, belonging to the middle subzone of the micrornatus-newportensis sporomorph assemblage biozone, and indicate an Early Devonian (mid-Lochkovian) age. The new biostratigraphical data enables correlation with other Lower Old Red Sandstone deposits of the Anglo-Welsh Basin, and the deposits are assigned to the lower part of the St. Maughan's Group. A plant megafossil/mesofossil assemblage recovered from one of the spore-bearing horizons includes a zosterophyll assigned to Zosterophyllum cf. fertile. This is the earliest reported zosterophyll from the Anglo-Welsh Basin. The new palynological/palaeobotanical data provide important information on the palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography of the vegetation of the southeastern margin of the Old Red Sandstone continent during Lochkovian times. Palaeogeographical variation in the distribution of plant microfossils and megafossils is interpreted as reflecting differences between the flora of the lowland floodplain and inland intermontaine basins, although this is to a certain extent overprinted by variation due to localized differences in environmental conditions.