Analyse de mouvement : une revue

Image sequence analysis has been a major topic for years. It allows accessing important information on the objects of interest for detection, estimation, tracking and recognition tasks. Many applications are concerned from video to weather forecasting, robotics to in-door monitoring up to medicine. The place that it has today and the diversity of the problems to address have motivated this state-of-the-art. A generic approach has been adopted in order to provide a full view on the recent advances reported in the literature at the methodological level. After introducing the key elements to be considered (objects, observations, objectives), three main classes of methods are analysed and discussed: the differential approaches, the Bayesian techniques and the matching methods. A last section is focused on the links with medical imaging with the aim to emphasize the special features to deal with.     

D’une « nouvelle sorte de rayonnement » à la tomodensitométrie : une histoire du scanner

In this article, the authors present the evolution of radiology, from the discovery of X-rays until the invention of the CT scan. Since the invention of X-rays by W.C. Röntgen, the search for the third dimension in medical imaging has provided a lot of developments both in physics and in mathematics. This third dimension has finally occurred in the early 1970s when CT was put forward by G.N. Hounsfield. This paper places the developments in their historical context.     

La séquence de Moulin Quignon est-elle une séquence archéologique ?

The sequence of the Moulin Quignon quarry yielded archaeological findings (faunal remains, artefacts) and some of them are well located in the stratigraphy thanks to Jacques Boucher de Perthes and colleagues. These remains are often used to attest the early age of the site and the human remains. Some bifaces have been found in close relationship to the human remains and, in particular, the mandible found in 1863. Thanks to the handwritten label put on the pieces and their deposit at the National Museum of Natural History (Paris), it is possible to study them again in relation with the sequence. The study concerns the rare faunal remains and the bifaces given, among others, by Boucher de Perthes to the Museum. The paleontological and technological analyses allow us replacing the lithic material among the north-western European data. The material is presented according to the historical context of his discovery.     

Proposition méthodologique pour une étude des esthétiques du Mésolithique : une analyse sociologique-anthropologique de la fin du Tardiglaciaire et durant le Postglaciaire en Europe occidentale

Do the decorated productions cover esthetics, i.e. the whole of the symbolic systems of a culture of hunters-gatherers? How to leave this glance with the aesthetic requirements that we other Westerners, pose on all things… and to exceed the debate of the artistic expressions thought from the aesthetic point of view, like “works of art” objects and “stylistics” objects? It is out of question “to make a fetish” of the productions decorated “works of art” while placing them at the starting point with our reflexion, (Studying them from a functional, technological, typological, art for art, meaningful point of view…) but to associate another of dimensions of the aesthetic experiment, i.e., the context of the decorated productions.     

Note preliminaire concernant la decouverte d'une faune et d'une flore du niveau de Ronzon dans l'Oligocene inferieur du Bassin d'Aquitaine

The new locality of Ruch (Gironde), from a lateral facies of the “Calcaire de Castillon” formation has yielded an important flora and fauna. From the biostratigraphic point of view the mammalian fauna allows to show that Ruch is contemporaneous of the reference locality of Ronzon (Auvergne).     

Irathérapie génique anticancéreuse utilisant le NIS : une approche très prometteuse

The symporter Na/iodine (NIS) is a recently discovered membrane protein, recognized to be at the origin of accumulation of iodine in the thyroid, salivary glands, stomach and mammary glands during lactation. If its intrinsic property served as the basis for nuclear imaging and radiotherapy metabolic of differentiated thyroid cancers and their metastases, the cloning of its gene provides a powerful strategy for cytoreductive gene therapy, based on the targeted transfer of this last one in all types of cancer cells. Its expression gives the ability to these cells to accumulate iodine. The aim is to benefit from the advantages of radioiodine therapy (efficiency, reduced side effects) and to optimize the management of thyroid cancer. This approach offers an attractive therapeutic alternative for non-thyroidal cancers, especially in the context of a multimodal approach. Techniques and equipments necessary for the first clinical trials are already existing in the departments of nuclear medicine. The perspectives of clinical application, however, require a better knowledge of the regulation of expression and functionality of NIS. After a review of the biology of NIS, our work aims to recount the results of different tests that have demonstrated the benefits of this approach, its limitations and prospects for its improvement.     

Un examen au 18F-FDG d’interprétation délicate : une histoire de diaphragme

We present a clinical case illustrating the difficulty of interpretation of hypermetabolic foci localisation in 18F-FDG-PET/CT exam performed without injection of iodinated contrast. In a patient with cystic fibrosis during infection, the focus appears to be pathologic in subdiaphragmatic and retroperitoneal region. After a careful reading, the focus represents in reality the pillars diaphragmatic muscle attachments. The presence of other uptake in intercostal muscles in this patient presenting with respiratory failure and especially the comparison with an enhanced CT scan demonstrated our assumption.     

L’habitat en grotte au Néolithique : vers une estimation de l’intensité des occupations

The archaeological excavation of the cave of the Gardon has brought to light a dilated and nearly continuous stratigraphy for the Neolithic era. The analysis of lithic industry has showed the existence of variations between those neolithic layers, which are independents of the technological processes of tools productions. Four criteria allow us to characterize the occupation’s type of each layer. Compared to the excavations data and to sedimentological analysis, these results allow us to display the evolution of the intensity of occupations of the cave throughout the whole Neolithic.     

Les comportements funéraires au Néolithique en France méridionale : une vue d’ensemble

The research presented in this paper is based on geographical zone chosen as context for a general discussion centred on a critical inventory of graves, burial places and funeral traditions within Neolithic communities between about 6000 and 2200 B.C. It proposes to define the characteristics and the evolution of funeral behaviours during the Neolithic times in Southern France, between about 6000 and 2200 B.C. Southern France has been considered in an extended definition, from Atlantic Ocean to the Alps, a territory constituted of 26 departments. In view of the extent of the territorial limits, the study was directly all-encompassing. It bears on 150 years of archaeological discoveries unevenly distributed on the Neolithic times. The study takes into consideration all the documentation published. The funeral traditions have been considered in the wide sense, that is tomb architecture, laying out and treatment of cadavers, study of archaeological artefacts. The study leads on to an interpretative outline of the funeral traditions whose development was closely linked to the social evolution of southern Neolithic communities. It researchs a social evolution beyond funeral behaviours, a power more and more destined to an elite who prefigures the protohistory.